Categories
Culture History Language Learning Science Theocratic

chuán

chuán (boat; ship; vessel船/舩) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

This week, we are revisiting “chuán (boat; ship; vessel船/舩)”, an expression that was featured in an early Expression of the Week post on the tiandi.info blog. (If you need login information for the parts of tiandi.info that require it, request it by email, and include information on how you learned of tiandi.info and/or what group/cong. you are in.)

As shown in the image below, the first printing of the Insight book (on p. 328 of Volume 1) included a section regarding the Chinese character for “chuán (boat; ship; vessel船/舩)”:

P. 328 of Vol. 1 of the first printing of the _Insight_ book (1988), with a section about “船”

However, this section on this Chinese character no longer appears in current versions of the Insight book. Why might it have been removed?

Murky Speculation

Several years after the above-mentioned tiandi.info post was originally posted, I appended the following update to it:

Note that the section about the Chinese character “船 (chuán)” that was originally in the Insight book, Vol. 1, p. 328 is not present in the more recently published Chinese version of the Insight book.

Perhaps it was eventually decided that the origins of Chinese characters, which have been used for thousands of years, are too murky to do anything more than speculate about. I myself have recently become convinced that Chinese characters in general have been over-glamourized by the world.

It’s also worth going over an interesting, well-researched comment that the tiandi.info post mentioned above received. (Thanks again, Ed!) Here are a couple of excerpts from it:

The Insight article isn’t the only place in the Slave’s writings that the reference to this Chinese character appears. It originally appeared in the article “Chinese Characters—Why Are They Written That Way?” in g84 8/8 p. 23 [Here is a link to that article. Note that in addition to mentioning “chuán (boat; ship; vessel船/舩)”, this old article unfortunately repeats the Ideographic Myth. Also, it conflates language with writing, when actually, linguists understand that language primarily has to do with speech.—ed.], which ended with the caveat, “The similarity between the thoughts behind many of the Chinese characters and the Bible record of man’s early history is nothing less than remarkable. Although the evidence is only circumstantial, it is, nonetheless, fascinating to think that there is a possibility that the Chinese [characters contain Biblical concepts].”

The article was written in response to the book The Discovery of Genesis: How the Truths of Genesis Were Found Hidden in the Chinese Language, which had been published only a few years earlier. This book is full of fascinating parallels between Biblical accounts and elements that appear to comprise certain Chinese characters.

There are many resources available these days even to English speakers that contain scholarly research into the meaning and origins of Chinese characters. During the course of learning the language, I have made it a hobby to investigate some of these. I have to say that, based on what I have discovered, I disagree with the coauthors of Discovery of Genesis. In fact, there is a web site that has existed for several years for the purpose of rebutting these claims. While I don’t know the author’s motive for putting up the page, it does seem to have logical arguments.

For an alternative to Zhongwen.com, you could try looking up 船 at this site. (Disclosure: this web site is run by me.)

Truly right-hearted people won’t be stumbled if we share accurate knowledge from the Bible with them. But in any case, it’s best not to get too involved with matters of speculation that could be of interest to us but not have a direct bearing on God’s word of truth.

Sound vs. Meaning

The Raccoon Bend website page mentioned in the above quote contains some technical points such as the following:

A typical error made…is to analyze a semantic-phonetic compound as though it were compound-indicative (which they refer to as “ideographic”).

In other words, some mistakenly treat a character component that indicates sound as if it indicates meaning. The information at the Chinese-Characters.org link that the brother quoted above provided indicates that doing that with “船” seems to be what led to the story of “vessel + eight + mouths/persons”, when this character should actually be understood as being made up of the components “vessel + [phonetic (sound) component]”.

Stories vs. the Truth

As humans, we naturally love stories, since our minds use stories to make sense of the world around us. Also, stories add or reveal meaning or significance regarding things that these things would lack if they were not part of a story. However, not all stories are true. And while even fictional stories can help to reveal deeper truths about life, like Jesus’ parables did, false stories can take us farther away from the truth, if we let them. As the apostle Paul warned in 2 Timothy 4:3, 4:

For there will be a period of time when they will not put up with the wholesome teaching, but according to their own desires, they will surround themselves with teachers to have their ears tickled. They will turn away from listening to the truth and give attention to false stories.

While Chinese characters sometimes have appealing stories attached to them, let us make sure that we don’t let mere love of a good story take us away from the truth in any way. While naive tourists may be easily misled by appealing but false stories, as literal or figurative missionaries in the Mandarin field, we have a responsibility to serve God and our Mandarin-speaking neighbours “with spirit and truth”.—John 4:23, 24.

Categories
Culture Language Learning Science Technology Theocratic

suíjī

suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

The Shēngmìng Láizì Chuàngzào Ma? ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (Lái·zì Came · From 来自 來自) (Chuàng·zào Initiating · {Making, Creating} → [Creating] 创造 創造) (Ma [? ptcl for “yes/no” questions])? [Was Life Created? (lc)]) (Was Life Created? (lc)) brochure and the Shēngmìng de Qǐyuán—Zhíde Sīkǎo de Wǔ Ge Wèntí ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (de ’s 的) (Qǐ·yuán {Rising → [Starting]} · Source → [Origin] 起源/原)—(Zhí·de Worth · Getting → [Worth] 值得) (Sī·kǎo {Thinking About} · Examining 思考) (de ’s 的) (Wǔ Five 五) (Ge [mw]個/个) (Wèn·tí Asking · Subjects → [Questions] 问题 問題) [The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]) (The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)) brochure were originally published back in 2010, but recently, the English version of the Was Life Created? brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. Also, the Was Life Created? brochure and the Origin of Life brochure are now in the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app. So, it would be good to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of these publications that can be so helpful when discussing whether life was created.

How It Started?

“In the beginning, some random, undirected events took place that somehow led to life as we know it on earth today.” That is basically the story that evolutionists tell about how life came to be. So, it’s good for us Mandarin field language learners to know that in its Introduction, the Mandarin Was Life Created? brochure uses this week’s MEotW, “suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機)”, where the English version of this brochure uses the word “random”.

How It Breaks Down

The “suí (follow; {[come/go] along with}; {vary according to} [→ [comply with; adapt to]]) in “suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機) basically means “follow”, or “come/go along with”. Some of the other Mandarin expressions that it appears in include “gēnsuí (follow 跟随 跟隨)”, “suíbiàn (suí·biàn following; {[going] along with} · convenience → [[is] casual; random; informal | [is] as one pleases | [is] careless; negligent | [is] wanton; arbitrary] 随便 隨便)”, and “suíshí (suí·shí {coming/going along with} · {(particular) time} → [at any time; anytime; at all times] 随时 隨時)suídì (suí·dì {coming/going along with} · {ground → [place]} → [any place; anywhere; everywhere] 随地 隨地)”.

The “jī ({machine; mechanism [→ [airplane; aircraft | being organic]]} | {incipient moment; crucial point} | chance; opportunity; occasion | intention; idea機/机) in “suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機) can mean “chance; opportunity; occasion”, and it is also the “jī ({machine; mechanism [→ [airplane; aircraft | being organic]]} | {incipient moment; crucial point} | chance; opportunity; occasion | intention; idea機/机) in “jīhuì (opportunity 机会 機會) and in “wēijī (wēi·jī {ridge of a roof → [dangerous | endangering]} · {incipient moment; crucial point | occasion} | {(for) ridge of a roof → [(for) danger]} · occasion; opportunity → [crisis] 危机 危機) (which, as a past MEotW post emphasizes, does NOT mean that there is opportunity in danger).

How It Comes Together

When put together, the morphemes in “suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機) literally mean “coming along with chance/opportunity”, and effectively mean “random” or “randomly”. Yes, while the Bible speaks of a loving Creator, evolution’s adherents, in holding that life is the result of suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance/opportunity → [random] 随机 隨機) events, thus portray evolution as a mere opportunist.

Those who bet on evolution may say that it’s not totally impossible that life came to exist suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance/opportunity → [randomly] 随机 隨機), by chance, but they may not realize—or they may have no faith—that their bet is not merely academic—they are ultimately unnecessarily betting their very lives. As John 17:3 says, coming to know God and Jesus leads to everlasting life, whereas those who continue to deny their Creator will eventually just die. So, let us continue to do our best to learn how to use the Mandarin language to help Mandarin-speaking ones to understand that they should bet their lives on Jehovah God, our Creator, not on the empty falsehoods of evolution.

How the Py+ Material Is Going

A while ago, I got the feeling that I should shift focus to get to work on producing current-generation Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus material for the Was Life Created? brochure, which I had last produced older-style material for several years earlier. The official material for this brochure had also not been changed for several years, with the last Mandarin printing of it being dated 2016-12. However, not long after I had started working on new Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus material for this brochure, I noticed that a new printing, dated 2022-12, had been put out for the English version of the Was Life Created? brochure, and then, a new printing, dated 2023-02, appeared in the JW Library app for the Mandarin version of this brochure. Also, the Was Life Created? brochure and the Origin of Life brochure were added to the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app at around this time. It seems that Jehovah had decided that the time had come for renewed focus on these brochures, and it seems that the work of producing Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus material for the Was Life Created? brochure is privileged to be part of this renewed focus.

At the time of this writing, the old 3-line files (iPad-Letter-A4, XLP-iPhone-A5) together with the new Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource cover the entire Was Life Created? brochure. (The 3-line files were based on an older version of the brochure, though.) Also, the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource (which can be used offline in supporting browsers) contains no more Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)-only material that has only been partially proofread—all the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)-only material has now been fully proofread.

Additionally, there is now a similar Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource for the Origin of Life brochure as well.


For convenience:

The direct link for the current generation Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Was Life Created? brochure is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Was Life Created? brochure is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Was Life Created? brochure will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.

Categories
Culture Experiences History Science Theocratic

xuè

xuè (blood 血) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 📘 icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and 📘 Reveal None re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

A few years back, I wrote up a brief web page listing reasons for producing Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音), etc. material for the Imitate (ia) book. Some, especially some who grew up in the West, may have felt that this book is made up of “just stories”, and ones that they were already quite familiar with, at that. However, we must remember that Chinese Bible students may often have a different perspective regarding the Bible accounts that are made to come to life in the Imitate book. As that web page said:

  • Many Chinese people in the world have not been exposed to Bible accounts the way many Westerners have.
  • Also, I have heard that some, perhaps many, Chinese Bible students tend to approach their Bible studies like intellectual exercises for accumulating chōuxiàng (abstract) head knowledge as if for a school exam, rather than as training for their hearts for their own real lives.

Later, the web page touches on how some of the real-world benefits of good storytelling like that found in the Imitate book involve empathy:

    • The actress Natalie Portman once said, “I love acting. I think it’s the most amazing thing to be able to do. Your job is practicing empathy. You walk down the street imagining every person’s life.”
  • The Imitate book helps build Bible students’ empathy towards Bible characters, which in turn helps Bible students realize that others would feel empathy towards them as well if they imitated these Bible characters—not everyone will just think they’re crazy, like many worldly friends or family members might think.

While even fictional stories can have the benefits described in the links and the quote above, true stories from the Bible can have even greater benefits, including spiritual ones.

Besides the Imitate book, another book from Jehovah’s organization that relates Bible accounts is the Learn From the Bible (lfb) book. The letter from the Governing Body in this book says that, similarly to the Imitate book, the Learn From the Bible book also “brings the Bible accounts to life and captures the feelings of those depicted”, while, unlike the Imitate book, it “tells the story of the human family from creation onward”. While the Learn From the Bible book is especially suitable for children, the letter from the Governing Body in this book says that “it can also be used to help adults who desire to learn more about the Bible”. So, it would be good to consider on this blog some of the expressions used in the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book.

The First Plague

This week’s MEotW, “xuè (blood 血)”, appears in Lesson 19 of the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book, which is entitled “Tóu (Head → [First]) Sān (Three 三) Chǎng ([mw for recreational, sports, or other activities]場/塲) Zāiyāng (Calamities → [Plagues] 灾殃 災殃) (“The First Three Plagues”):

English:

Aaron hit the Nile with his stick, and the river turned into blood.

Mandarin:

📖 📄 📘 Yàlún (Aaron 亚伦 亞倫) yòng (used 用) zhàng (stick 杖) jīdǎ ({to hit} 击打 擊打) Níluó (Nile 尼罗 尼羅) (River 河) de (’s 的) shuǐ (water 水), shuǐ (water 水) mǎshàng (mǎ·shàng horse · upon → [immediately] 马上 馬上) jiù (then 就) biànchéngle (biàn·chéng·le changed · {to turn into} · {to completion} 变成了 變成了) xuè (blood 血),

The Ten Plagues that Jehovah brought upon Egypt thus start off with a significant blow to the great Nile River that was vitally important to ancient Egypt. Also, Jehovah thus brought disgrace to Hapi, the god to whom the ancient Egyptians attributed the annual flooding of the Nile River, which provided fertile soil in a desert region.

Related Expressions

Here are some general expressions related to “xuè (blood 血) that would be good for us Mandarin field language learners to know:

  • xuèròu (xuè·ròu blood · flesh 血肉 血肉)
  • xuèròu (xuè·ròu blood · flesh 血肉 血肉)zhī (’s 之) ({human body})
  • shūxuè (shū·xuè {transporting of → [transfusing of]} · blood 输血 輸血)
  • xuèzhài (xuè·zhài blood · debt 血债 血債)

Here are some expressions related to blood fractions, as used in Lesson 39 of the Mandarin Enjoy Life Forever! book (Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus):

  • xuèjiāng (xuè·jiāng blood · {thick liquid → [plasma]} 血浆 血漿)
  • bái (white 白) xìbāo (xì·bāo tiny · wombs → [cells] 细胞 細胞)
  • xuè (blood 血) xiǎobǎn (xiǎo·bǎn small · plates → [platelets] 小板 小板/闆)
  • hóng (red) xìbāo (xì·bāo tiny · wombs → [cells] 细胞 細胞)
  • xuèyè (xuè·yè blood · fluid 血液) tíqǔ wù ((tí·qǔ {carried (hanging down from the hand) → [extracted]} · taken → [extracted] 提取) (wù matter → [substances] 物) [fractions])

    • Note that before, e.g., as used in one of the appendices of the Mandarin “God’s Love” book, the expression for “blood fractions” was “xuèyè (xuè·yè blood · fluid 血液) de (’s 的) wēiliàng chéngfèn ((wēi·liàng tiny · amount 微量) (chéng·fèn completion · components 成分/份) [fractions])”.

Alternate Pronunciations

An interesting thing to keep in mind about “xuè (blood 血) is that this “official” pronunciation is often not the one that is used by native Mandarin speakers. Rather, this expression is often pronounced colloquially in one of the following ways:

  • xiě (blood (colloquial pronunciation) 血)
  • xuě (blood (colloquial pronunciation) 血)

For convenience:

The direct link for the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Learn From the Bible book is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Learn From the Bible book is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.