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È’ěr‐Nínuò

 

 

È’ěr+ (El 厄尔 厄爾)‐Nínuò+ (Niño 尼诺 尼諾) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 ➕ icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and ➕ Reveal + Symbols re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

At the time of this writing, jw.org was featuring the article with the following title:

English:

Experts Warn of Super El Niño

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ Chāojí (Chāo·jí {Jumping/Leaping Over → [Surpassing]} · Level → [Super] 超级 超級) È’ěr (El 厄尔 厄爾)‐Nínuò (Niño 尼诺 尼諾) Láixí+ (Lái·xí {Is Coming} · {to Attack} → [(of a Storm/Etc.) Is Striking] 来袭 來襲)! Zhuānjiā (Zhuān·jiā Specialized · -ists → [Experts] 专家 專家) Fāchū (Fā·chū Issue · Out 发出 發出) Jǐnggào (Jǐng·gào Warning · Declaring → [Warning] 警告)!

As can be seen above, the Mandarin expression corresponding to the originally Spanish expression “El Niño” is this week’s MEotW, “È’ěr (El 厄尔 厄爾)‐Nínuò (Niño 尼诺 尼諾)”. Obviously, the Mandarin syllables in this expression were chosen because of how much they sound like “El Niño”, not because of the meanings of the supposedly ideographic Chinese characters used to write them out (“Strategic Place/Adversity” “You” “Buddhist Nun” “Promise”??? 🤷🏻).

As the MEotW post about “Hāmǐjíduōdùn (Armageddon 哈米吉多顿 哈米吉多頓)” says:

This emphasizes to us that when it comes to human language, SPEECH is primary—SOUNDS are the primary medium for transmitting meaning, and a writing system that transmits meaning purely with its visual symbols, without any dependency on speech sounds, is not a thing. However, this erroneous concept is so prevalent that there’s a name for it: The Ideographic Myth.

Check out the rest of that MEotW post for a more in-depth discussion about the Ideographic Myth and the linguistic idolatry that it can lead to.

Talking About El Niño in Mandarin

Getting back to El Niño, here are some English and Mandarin excerpts from the above-mentioned article, that we may want to adapt for use in the Mandarin territory:

English:

El Niño is a natural weather phenomenon that occurs every few years. It is caused by unusually warm Pacific Ocean waters, which disrupt weather conditions worldwide.

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ È’ěr ((the) El 厄尔 厄爾)‐Nínuò (Niño 尼诺 尼諾) xiànxiàng+ (xiàn·xiàng appearing · appearance → [phenomenon] 现象 現象) (Shèngyīng (Shèng·yīng Holy · Infant → [the El Niño] 圣婴 聖嬰) xiànxiàng (xiàn·xiàng appearing · appearance → [phenomenon] 现象 現象)) shì (is 是) yì (one 一) zhǒng ({type of} 种 種/种) měi (every 每) jǐ (few 几 幾) nián (years 年 年/秊) jiù (then 就) huì (will 会 會) fāshēng (fā·shēng {issue forth} · {come to life} → [happen] 发生 發生) de (’s 的) zìrán (zì·rán naturally · so → [natural] 自然) qìhòu+ (qì·hòu {air → [weather]} · conditions → [climate] 气候 氣候) xiànxiàng (xiàn·xiàng appearing · appearance → [phenomenon] 现象 現象). Tā (it 它) shì (is 是) yóuyú (yóu·yú {because of} · by 由于 由於) Tàipíng (Tài·píng Supremely · {Flat, Level, Even → [Peaceful]} → [Pacific] 太平) Yáng (Ocean 洋) hǎishuǐ (hǎi·shuǐ sea·waters 海水) yìcháng+ (yì·cháng {differently from} · normally → [unusually] 异常 異常) shēngwēn (shēng·wēn {rising in} · {being warm → [temperature]} 升温 升溫) zàochéng (zào·chéng made · {to come to be} 造成) de ({’s (phenomenon)} 的), huì ((it) will 会 會) yǐngxiǎng (yǐng·xiǎng reflection · sound → [affect] 影响 影響) quánqiú (quán·qiú entire · globe 全球) de (’s 的) qìhòu (qì·hòu {air → [weather]} · conditions → [climate] 气候 氣候).

English:

El Niño events in the past have led to intense storms, flooding, severe droughts, and wildfires that result from abnormally dry conditions.

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ È’ěr ((the) El 厄尔 厄爾)‐Nínuò (Niño 尼诺 尼諾) xiànxiàng (xiàn·xiàng appearing · appearance → [phenomenon] 现象 現象) zài (in 在) guòqù (guò·qù past · gone (times) 过去 過去) céng (has 曾) dǎozhì (dǎo·zhì lead · {to extending to} 导致 導致) qìhòu (qì·hòu {air → [weather]} · conditions → [the climate] 气候 氣候) yìcháng (yì·cháng {being different from} · normal 异常 異常), yǐnfā (yǐn·fā {drawing (out)} · {to send out} → [leading to] 引发 引發) xǔduō (xǔ·duō numbers · many 许多 許多) tiānzāi+ (tiān·zāi {(from) heaven → [natural]} · disasters 天灾 天災), bǐrú (bǐ·rú {compared to} · {for example} 比如) mǒuxiē (mǒu·xiē some · {indefinite number of} → [some] 某些) dìfang (dì·fang {(sections of) earth → [places]} · {directions → [places]} → [places] 地方) yìcháng (yì·cháng {differently from} · normally → [abnormally] 异常 異常) gānhàn+ (gān·hàn {being dry} · {(having) drought} 干旱 乾旱), jiéguǒ (jié·guǒ {tied (into a knot) → [formed]} · fruit → [as a result] 结果 結果) fāshēng (fā·shēng {having issue forth} · {having come to life} → [having happen] 发生 發生) sēnlín (sēn·lín {multitudinous → [full of trees]} · forest → [forest] 森林) dàhuǒ (dà·huǒ big · fires → [wildfires] 大火) hé ({(together) with} → [and] 和 和/龢) yánzhòng (yán·zhòng {tight → [severe]} · {heavy → [serious]} → [severe] 严重 嚴重) hànzāi+ (hàn·zāi drought · disasters → [droughts] 旱灾 旱災); zài (in 在) lìng (other 另) yìxiē (yì·xiē one · {indefinite number of} → [some] 一些) dìfang (dì·fang {(sections of) earth → [places]} · {directions → [places]} → [places] 地方) zé ((it) {in contrast} 则 則) yǐnfā (yǐn·fā {has drawn (out)} · {to send out} → [has lead to] 引发 引發) qiángliè (qiáng·liè powerful · intense 强烈 強烈) fēngbào (fēng·bào wind · {(times) being violent} → [storms] 风暴 風暴) hé ({(together) with} → [and] 和 和/龢) hóngzāi+ (hóng·zāi flood · disasters → [floods] 洪灾 洪災).

English:

The Bible promises that God, by means of his Kingdom, will soon take full control of all aspects of the weather, keeping it in perfect balance.

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ Shèngjīng (Shèng·jīng (the) Holy · Scriptures → [the Bible] 圣经 聖經) bǎozhèng+ (bǎo·zhèng guarantees · testifies 保证 保證) Shàngdì (Shàng·dì Above’s · {Emperor → [God]} → [God] 上帝) hěn (very 很) kuài (quickly → [soon] 快) huì (will 会 會) cǎiqǔ (cǎi·qǔ pick · take → [take] 采取 採取) xíngdòng (xíng·dòng {walking → [doing]} · moving → [action] 行动 行動), zhǎngkòng+ (zhǎng·kòng {(have in) palm → [control]} · control 掌控) qìhòu (qì·hòu {air → [weather]} · conditions → [the climate] 气候 氣候). Dàoshí (Dào·shí {having arrived at} · {the time} 到时 到時), zài (at 在) Shàngdì (Shàng·dì Above’s · {Emperor’s → [God’s]} → [God’s] 上帝) Wángguó (Wáng·guó King’s · Nation → [Kingdom] 王国 王國) de (’s 的) tǒngzhì+ (tǒng·zhì {gathering together → [commanding]} · ruling → [rule] 统治 統治) xià (under 下), rénlèi (rén·lèi human·kind 人类 人類) búhuì (bú·huì not · will → [will not] 不会 不會) zài (anymore 再) dānxīn (dān·xīn {carry on a shoulder pole → [bear (a heavy)]} · heart (that) → [worry that] 担/耽心 擔/耽心) yǒu ({(there) are having} → [(there) are] 有) tiānzāi (tiān·zāi {(from) heaven → [natural]} · disasters 天灾 天災) fāshēng (fā·shēng {issuing forth} · {coming to life} → [happening] 发生 發生), nénggòu (néng·gòu {will be able} · enough 能够 能夠) zài (at 在) qìhòu (qì·hòu {air → [weather]} · conditions → [the climate] 气候 氣候) yírén+ (yí·rén {makes to be pleased} · people → [(of weather/scenery/etc.) is pleasing] 怡人) de (’s 的) huánjìng (huán·jìng surrounding · {(set of) boundaries → [(bounded) place] → [situation]} → [situation] 环境 環境) xià (under 下) shēnghuó ({to live} 生活).

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Culture Language Learning Science Technology Theocratic

zhēnlǐ

zhēnlǐ+ (zhēn·lǐ true · reasoning; logic → [[the] truth] 真理) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 ➕ icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and ➕ Reveal + Symbols re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

I have long especially liked 1 Corinthians 13. It contains counsel on what really does and doesn’t matter in life, an extensive description and definition of the most important kind of love, and a sublime discussion about the need to become complete, mature, as a person. As these apply to life in general, so too do they apply to our lives as Mandarin field language learners.

As Mandarin field language learners, it can benefit us greatly to consider what we can learn from 1 Corinthians 13, and along the way, we can also consider some of the Mandarin expressions used in that chapter in the current version of the Mandarin New World Translation Bible (nwtsty).

What Do You Rejoice In?

This week’s MEotW, “zhēnlǐ (zhēn·lǐ true · reasoning; logic → [[the] truth] 真理)”, is used in verse 6 (WOL) of 1 Corinthians 13:

Screenshot of “_zhēnlǐ_” in 1 Co. 13:6 (nwtsty, CHS+_Pīnyīn_ WOL)

(Dark mode for the Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY (WOL) website, as shown in the above image, can be enabled in the Safari web browser by using the Noir Safari extension. Other web browsers may also have extensions with similar functionality.)

For comparison, here are the renderings of 1 Corinthians 13:6 in the current English and Mandarin versions of the New World Translation Bible:

English:

It does not rejoice over unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth.

Mandarin (WOL, Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)+ 🔗):

📖 📄 ➕ bù (not 不) yīn ({because of} 因) búyì (bú·yì un·righteousness 不义 不義) ér (thus 而) huānxǐ+ (huān·xǐ {does be joyful} · {does be happy} 欢喜 歡喜), zhǐ (only 只 只/秖/衹/祇) yīn ({because of} 因) zhēnlǐ (zhēn·lǐ true · reasoning → [the truth] 真理) ér (thus 而) gāoxìng (gāo·xìng (is with) high · enthusiasm → [is glad] 高兴 高興).

The individual morphemes in “zhēnlǐ (zhēn·lǐ true · reasoning; logic → [[the] truth] 真理)” literally mean “true” and “reasoning; logic”. When these morphemes are put together in “zhēnlǐ (zhēn·lǐ true · reasoning; logic → [[the] truth] 真理)”, the resulting expression effectively means “truth”, or “the truth”.

Linguistic Untruths Fill the “Air”

This world ruled by Satan, “the father of the lie”, is full of linguistic idolatry and mythology (e.g., the myths discussed in the book The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy) surrounding Chinese characters, and it is full of misinformation and disinformation about the Chinese languages in general. (Ephesians 2:2; John 8:44) We Mandarin field language learners need to learn the truth about these things that are such huge factors in our Mandarin learning, and we should ‘rejoice with the truth’ about these things, similarly to how we rejoice over spiritual truth.

Yes, godly love doesn’t just know the truth, it rejoices with the truth, so it chooses the truth. Showing that he lacked godly love, the first man Adam knew the truth, but he loved Eve more, and so he chose to join Eve in rebellion against Jehovah. (1 Timothy 2:14) Also, as we have been reminded by the video series The Good News According to Jesus, the scribes and Pharisees of Jesus’ day had every reason and opportunity to know the truth, but consumed by pride, they loved their tradition and position and status more, and so they chose to bitterly oppose Jesus to the point of eventually brutally murdering him.

What Side Are You On?

At John 18:37, Jesus said:

For this I have been born, and for this I have come into the world, that I should bear witness to the truth. Everyone who is on the side of the truth listens to my voice.

In this blog and in other places, I have endeavoured to share the truths that I have learned about the Mandarin language and how to best learn it for use in the Mandarin field. If you as a Mandarin field language learner have come to know some of these truths, what are you going to do about it? Are you “on the side of the truth” regarding these matters? According to 1 Corinthians 13:6, if you are motivated by godly love, you will rejoice with the truth about these things, and you will naturally show your love by happily making use of these Mandarin language-learning truths to better share spiritual truths with Mandarin-speaking people you meet. And as Hebrews 6:10 says, “God is not unrighteous so as to forget your work and the love you showed for his name”.

Categories
Culture Experiences Language Learning Science Theocratic

yì‐zhī‐bàn‐jiě

yì‐zhī‐bàn‐jiě+ ((yì {one (part)} 一)‐(zhī know 知)‐(bàn {half (part)} 半)‐(jiě untie → [solve] → [understand] 解) → [have half-baked understanding; be a dilettante/amateur]) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 ➕ icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and ➕ Reveal + Symbols re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

We in the Mandarin field should keep in mind that many Mandarin-speaking people were taught to believe in evolution, and thus tend to not believe in God. The Shēngmìng Láizì Chuàngzào Ma? ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (Lái·zì Came · From 来自 來自) (Chuàng·zào Initiating · {Making, Creating} → [Creating] 创造 創造) (Ma [? ptcl for “yes/no” questions] 吗 嗎)? → [Was Life Created? (lc)]) (Was Life Created? (lc)) brochure and the Shēngmìng de Qǐyuán—Zhíde Sīkǎo de Wǔ Ge Wèntí ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (de ’s 的) (Qǐ·yuán {Rising → [Starting]} · Source → [Origin] 起源/原)—(Zhí·de Worth · Getting → [Worth] 值得) (Sī·kǎo {Thinking About} · Examining 思考) (de ’s 的) (Wǔ Five 五) (Ge [mw] 个 個/个) (Wèn·tí Asking · Subjects → [Questions] 问题 問題) → [The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]) (The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)) brochure were originally published back in 2010, but they are still considered current publications, and relatively recently, the English version of the Was Life Created? brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. So, it would be good for us to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of the Was Life Created? and Origin of Life brochures, which can be so helpful when discussing the fundamentally important question of whether life was created.

“Poorly Understood”

This week’s MEotW, which appears in the section of the Mandarin Was Life Created? brochure entitled “Shēngjī+ (Shēng·jī Life · {Mechanism → [Being Organic]} → [Life] 生机 生機)‐Bóbó (Bó·bó Flourishing · Flourishing 勃勃) de (’s 的) Dìqiú (Dì·qiú Earth · Globe → [Earth] 地球)” (“The Living Planet”), is “yì‐zhī‐bàn‐jiě ((yì {one (part)} 一)‐(zhī know 知)‐(bàn {half (part)} 半)‐(jiě untie → [solve] → [understand] 解) → [have half-baked understanding; be a dilettante/amateur])”:

English:

Life on earth could never exist were it not for a series of very fortunate “coincidences,” some of which were unknown or poorly understood until the 20th century.

Mandarin (WOL; Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus)

📖 📄 ➕ Dìqiú (Dì·qiú earth · globe → [earth] 地球) zài (in 在) hěn (very 很) duō (many 多) fāngmiàn (fāng·miàn {directions → [sides]} · faces → [aspects] 方面) dōu ({all of them} 都) “qiǎohé+ (qiǎo·hé {being coincidental → [coincidentally]} · {closing → [matching]} → [coincidental] 巧合)” de (-ly 地) pèihe (pèi·he matches · {closes → [accords]} → [is suitable] 配合) de (getting 得) tiān‐yī‐wúfèng+ ((tiān (to be) heavenly 天)‐(yī garment 衣)‐(wú·fèng without · seams 无缝 無縫) → [to be flawless]), yào (if 要)‐bu ((it) not 不)‐shì (was 是) zhèyàng (zhè·yàng this · {form → [way]} 这样 這樣), dìqiú (dì·qiú earth · globe → [earth] 地球) shang (upon 上) gēnběn (gēn·běn (at) {root (of a plant)} · {root or stem of a plant} → [basically] 根本) jiù (then 就) bù (not 不) kěnéng (could 可能) yǒu (have 有) shēngmìng (life 生命). Duìyú (Duì·yú towards · {with regard to} 对于 對於) zhèixiē (zhèi·xiē this · {indefinite number of} → [these] 这些 這些) “qiǎohé (qiǎo·hé coincidental · {closings → [matchings]} → [coincidences] 巧合)”, kēxué‐jiā ((kē·xué {branches of study} · learning → [science] 科学 科學)‐(jiā -ists 家) → [scientists]) yìzhí (yì·zhí one · {being straight} → [all along] 一直) yì‐zhī‐bàn‐jiě+ ((yì {one (part)} 一)‐(zhī {were knowing} 知)‐(bàn {half (part)} 半)‐(jiě {were untying} → [were solving] → [were understanding] 解) → [were having half-baked understanding]) shènzhì (shèn·zhì extremely · {going to the extent of} → [even] 甚至) yìwú‐suǒzhī+ ((yì·wú {one → [entirely]} · {were not having} 一无 一無) (suǒ·zhī {that which (they)} · {were knowing} 所知) → [were knowing nothing]), zhídào (zhí·dào straight · {up until} 直到) 20 shìjì (shì·jì generation · era → [century] 世纪 世紀) cái ({only then} 才 才/纔) míngbai (míng·bai {were bright (about them) → [were understanding (them)]} · {to be white → [clearly]} 明白) duō (more 多) yìdiǎnr (yì·diǎn·r a · bit · {child → [(diminutive) non-syllabic retroflex suffix; pronunciation feature in Beijing dialect]} 一点(儿) 一點(兒)).

As can be seen from the above quotes, the Mandarin Was Life Created? brochure uses “yì‐zhī‐bàn‐jiě ((yì {one (part)} 一)‐(zhī know 知)‐(bàn {half (part)} 半)‐(jiě untie → [solve] → [understand] 解) → [have half-baked understanding; be a dilettante/amateur])” to correspond to the expression “poorly understood” that appears in the English version.

Know More Than “Just Enough to be Dangerous”

The matter of understanding reminds me of a couple of lines from the Beatles song “Strawberry Fields Forever”:

Living is easy with eyes closed
Misunderstanding all you see

Yes, many are unfortunately content to live without understanding of many things or just with whatever understandings they were given by others, since that way of living spares them of the effort required to think for themselves. However, no one ever really came into the truth that way—even those who “grew up in the truth” had to ultimately make the truth their own if they were to stay in the truth.

When it comes to the subject of creation/evolution, and also the Mandarin language itself that we seek to be able to use to speak about that subject, we need to grow and develop our knowledge and understanding beyond the point of “knowing just enough to be dangerous”. With true science, true religion, and also truly effective language learning, there must be willingness to leave behind old ideas when newly discovered evidence and newly acquired knowledge and understanding show that those ideas are in error, or are inadequate. As Proverbs 4:18 says:

But the path of the righteous is like the bright morning light
That grows brighter and brighter until full daylight.

“Become Full-Grown in Your Understanding”

For example, the traditional cultural doctrine that Mandarin learners should focus on learning characters is only partially, superficially true, insofar as it is indeed of some practical value, in this current system that has remained enthralled with characters, to be able to read and write Mandarin Chinese that’s written in characters. However, as shown by language science and by 1 Corinthians 14:8–11 in God’s Word itself, the most basically important aspect to focus on when learning a language for the ministry is actually understandable speech:

For if the trumpet sounds an indistinct call, who will get ready for battle? In the same way, unless you with the tongue use speech that is easily understood, how will anyone know what is being said? You will, in fact, be speaking into the air. It may be that there are many kinds of speech in the world, and yet no kind is without meaning. For if I do not understand the sense of the speech, I will be a foreigner to the one speaking, and the one speaking will be a foreigner to me.

We imperfect humans tend to focus on what is visible and apparently easy to measure, as opposed to what is invisible and not as apparently easy to measure. Idols, for instance, are visible and apparently easy to measure—an idol worshipper might say, or just subconsciously feel, “Look, I can plainly see my god, that idol, so I’ve got the religious/spiritual aspect of my life covered.” Similarly, a traditionally inclined Mandarin learner may say, or just subconsciously feel, “Look, these visible and visually fascinating Chinese characters obviously represent the Mandarin language, and are emphasized and glamourized by many people, so by focusing on the characters, I’ll have Mandarin learning covered.”

However, visible idols are actually false gods, and the only true God Jehovah is invisible. Similarly, the visible and visually fascinating Chinese characters, as glamourized as they are, are not actually the Mandarin language itself—they are just an unnecessarily convoluted traditional system of writing the Mandarin language, which actually consists of invisible Mandarin speech.

So, when preparing to talk to Mandarin-speaking people about whether life was created, let us proceed with understanding that is as full as possible regarding both the topic itself and also the Mandarin language that we use to discuss it, rather than being content with “misunderstanding all you see”, or with half-baked understandings passed on from others. As 1 Corinthians 14 goes on to say, “become full-grown in your understanding”.—1 Corinthians 14:20.


For convenience:

The direct link for the current-generation Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Was Life Created? brochure is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Was Life Created? brochure is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Was Life Created? brochure will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.