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Culture Experiences History Language Learning Names Science Technology Theocratic

Dàilìlā

Dàilìlā (De·liʹlah 黛利拉) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 📘 icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and 📘 Reveal None re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

A few years back, I wrote up a brief web page listing reasons for producing Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音), etc. material for the Imitate (ia) book. Some, especially some who grew up in the West, may have felt that this book is made up of “just stories”, and ones that they were already quite familiar with, at that. However, we must remember that Chinese Bible students may often have a different perspective regarding the Bible accounts that are made to come to life in the Imitate book. As that web page said:

  • Many Chinese people in the world have not been exposed to Bible accounts the way many Westerners have.
  • Also, I have heard that some, perhaps many, Chinese Bible students tend to approach their Bible studies like intellectual exercises for accumulating chōuxiàng (abstract) head knowledge as if for a school exam, rather than as training for their hearts for their own real lives.

Later, the web page touches on how some of the real-world benefits of good storytelling like that found in the Imitate book involve empathy:

    • The actress Natalie Portman once said, “I love acting. I think it’s the most amazing thing to be able to do. Your job is practicing empathy. You walk down the street imagining every person’s life.”
  • The Imitate book helps build Bible students’ empathy towards Bible characters, which in turn helps Bible students realize that others would feel empathy towards them as well if they imitated these Bible characters—not everyone will just think they’re crazy, like many worldly friends or family members might think.

While even fictional stories can have the benefits described in the links and the quote above, true stories from the Bible can have even greater benefits, including spiritual ones.

Besides the Imitate book, another book from Jehovah’s organization that relates Bible accounts is the Learn From the Bible (lfb) book. The letter from the Governing Body in this book says that, similarly to the Imitate book, the Learn From the Bible book also “brings the Bible accounts to life and captures the feelings of those depicted”, while, unlike the Imitate book, it “tells the story of the human family from creation onward”. While the Learn From the Bible book is especially suitable for children, the letter from the Governing Body in this book says that “it can also be used to help adults who desire to learn more about the Bible”. So, it would be good to consider on this blog some of the expressions used in the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book.

Femme Fatale

This week’s MEotW, “Dàilìlā (De·liʹlah 黛利拉)”, appears in the third paragraph of Lesson 38 of the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book, which is entitled “Yēhéhuá (Jehovah 耶和华 耶和華) Shǐ (Made 使) Cānsūn (Samson 参孙 參孫) (Strength 力) ({to Be Big} → [to Be Great] 大) Wúqióng (Wú·qióng {Not to Have} · {Being Impoverished} → [to Be Boundless] 无穷 無窮) (“Jehovah Made Samson Strong”):

English:

Later, the Philistines went to Samson’s girlfriend, Delilah, and said: ‘We will pay you thousands of silver pieces if you find out why Samson is so strong. We want to catch him and put him in prison.’ Delilah wanted the money, so she agreed.

Mandarin (WOL, Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus):

📖 📄 📘 Hòulái (Hòu·lái afterwards · {(it) came to be} 后来 後來), Cānsūn (Samson 参孙 參孫) àishangle (ài·shang·le loved · upon · {to completion} → [fell in love with] 爱上了 愛上了) (one 一) ge ([mw]個/个) jiào (called叫/呌) Dàilìlā (De·liʹlah 黛利拉) de (’s 的) nǚrén (nǚ·rén female · person → [woman] 女人), Fēilìshì‐rén ((Fēilìshì Phi·lisʹti·a 非利士)‐(rén people 人) [Phi·lisʹtines]) jiù (then 就) (went 去) zhǎo ({to look for} 找) Dàilìlā (De·liʹlah 黛利拉) shuō ({to say}說/説): “Wǒmen (Wǒ·men we · [pl] 我们 我們) yào (want 要) ({to hold} 把) Cānsūn (Samson 参孙 參孫) zhuā ({to be seized} → [to be caught] 抓) qilai (qi·lai up · {to come} 起来 起來), guānjìn (guān·jìn {to be shut → [to be confined]} · {to be entering into} 关进 關進) láo (pen → [prison] 牢) li (inside裡/裏). Zhǐyào (Zhǐ·yào only · {requiring that} → [provided] 只要) (you 你) gàosu (tell 告诉 告訴) wǒmen (wǒ·men us · [pl] 我们 我們), (he 他) wèishénme (wèi·shén·me for · what · [suf] [why] 为什么 為什/甚麼) lìqi (lì·qi strength · {air → [vital energy (in Ch. metaphysics)]} → [physical strength] 力气 力氣) nàme (nà·me {that (much)} · [suf] 那么/末 那麼/末) ({is big} → [is great] 大), wǒmen (wǒ·men we · [pl] 我们 我們) jiù (then 就) gěi ({will give}) (you 你) hěn (very 很) duō (much 多) yínzi (yín·zi silver · [suf for nouns] 银子 銀子).” Dàilìlā (De·liʹlah 黛利拉) hěn ({very much} 很) xiǎngyào (wanting 想要) qián ({the money}), jiù (then 就) dāyingle (dā·ying·le {{replied to → [agreed with]} · {responded to → [complied with]} → [answered positively to]} · {to completion} 答应了 答應了) Fēilìshì‐rén ((Fēilìshì Phi·lisʹti·a 非利士)‐(rén people 人) [Phi·lisʹtines]).

“Dàilìlā (De·liʹlah 黛利拉) is a newer translation of “Delilah” that began to appear in the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book in its 2024-10 Printing, and that seems to have begun to appear in Mandarin versions of the New World Translation Bible starting with the version named the Shèngjīng Xīn Shìjiè Yìběn (Xiūdìng Bǎn) ((Shèng·jīng (The) Holy · Scriptures 圣经 聖經) (Xīn New 新) (Shì·jiè {Generation → [World]} · Extent → [World] 世界) (Yì·běn Translated · {Root or Stem → [Edition]} 译本 譯本) ((Xiū·dìng Mended · Revised 修订 修訂) (Bǎn {Printing Plate (or Block)} → [Edition] 版))) [New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Revised 2013)]), which was first published in 2019. (The translation of “Delilah” used in older versions of these Mandarin publications was “Dàlìlā (De·liʹlah 大利拉)”.)

In the new Mandarin translation of “Delilah”, the first character was changed from “大 (Dà)” to “黛 (Dài)”, which, while being pronounced only slightly differently, has a very different meaning—while “大 (Dà)” basically means “big”, “黛 (Dài)” means “black pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows”, according to Pleco’s built-in dictionary. Apparently, while maintaining (improving?) the basic phonetic similarity to the original language name, whoever did the translating that resulted in “Dàilìlā (De·liʹlah 黛利拉) may have snuck in a semantic (meaning-related) allusion to Delilah’s femme fatale persona:

femme fatale

An alluring and seductive woman, especially one who leads men into compromising and dangerous situations.

Borrowing from French femme fatale (literally “deadly woman”).

Beware of Honey Traps!

Speaking of which, Samson certainly had an unfortunate record with the ladies, didn’t he? Jehovah made the related situations turn out as defeats for the enemies of his people, but for Samson, the situation with Delilah especially resulted in much pain and devastation—he ended up betrayed, stripped of his God-given power, brutally blinded, imprisoned, and finally dead, even if he was able to take many of his enemies with him. There had been at least some warning signs, like Delilah nagging him repeatedly to reveal the source of his strength—HELLO!—but Samson didn’t catch on that this woman wasn’t really on his side, even if she was by his side for a while. It seems that Samson at first treated Delilah’s requests as just a cute game, but tragically, the situation turned out to actually be literally a deadly serious one.—Judges 14–16.

Such use of romantic or sexual relationships against people is such an established practice that it’s been given a name—honey trapping. We students of the Bible also know that this practice is so old that it goes back to the very first man and woman, Adam and Eve. Satan is wicked, and ultimately a loser on a strategic level, but that doesn’t mean he’s not smart and crafty tactically—he knew what he was doing when he decided to first approach Eve, arguably literally the most beautiful woman who has ever lived. The Bible reveals that “Adam was not deceived”, but still, when beautiful Eve offered him the forbidden fruit, he decided to be a pushover, follow her lead, and turn away from Jehovah. (1 Timothy 2:14) Some have observed that men can get stupid around a beautiful woman, and considering Adam’s example, it’s undoubtedly genetic!

It may be accurate to say that this kind of spiritual attack is “playing dirty”. However, this is Satan the Devil we are talking about—of course he and his agents are going to play dirty, like the agents of the intelligence agencies of the nations of Satan’s world have been known to do. Also, as this world keeps deteriorating, more and more people are becoming more and more physically-minded (i.e., unspiritual), materialistic, and self-centred, making them more easily manipulated lures and victims in spiritual honey trapping schemes. (2 Timothy 3:13; 1 Corinthians 2:14; Matthew 24:38, 39) So, down to this day, and including within the Mandarin field, honey trapping remains a go-to tactic for Satan the Devil.

Here are a couple of related experiences that I know of: Years ago, I had a Bible student who was an intelligent young man who seemed to mentally understand what he was learning, and yet he eventually stopped studying and got into a relationship with a woman who went to a church that he must have known taught wrong things. I also know of a brother who was an elder, and who even became a missionary in Taiwan along with his wife, and yet he left his wife to live with a Taiwanese woman for a while, resulting in him getting disfellowshipped and divorced. He eventually left behind that adulterous relationship and got reinstated, but what a regrettable trail of pain and devastation left behind by someone who once shone so brightly and did so much in the Mandarin field.

Protectively Proficient Mandarin, Nuclear Bombs, and Stars

Hopefully, we will be able to learn from such real-life experiences and avoid becoming a Samson to any alluring Delilah being used, whether knowingly or not, by our spiritual enemies. As per the Mandarin language-learning focus of this blog, developing the related abilities to understand and speak Mandarin well can potentially help us to more truly and accurately get to know any Mandarin-speaking person who may show up on our romantic radar. (With everything going on in such situations, that’s hard enough when both the people involved are fluent in the same language, never mind if one only has a weak or lame grasp of the language. That might result in one knowing just enough Mandarin to get into trouble, while not knowing enough to understand what’s really going on.)

However, as shown by some of the examples mentioned above, while knowing is half the battle, we also have to get the other half right—successfully applying what we learn to what we do. Romantic and sexual attraction can be powerful—bikinis were in fact named after Bikini Atoll, the site of a series of nuclear weapons tests. Faced with such powerful forces that could push us in destructive directions if we let them, we need to become, with Jehovah’s help, even more powerful spiritually. Jehovah’s holy spirit is the most powerful force in the universe, the source of all the energy in all the stars, compared to which even nuclear bombs are tiny firecrackers, so it’s definitely possible.—Genesis 1:1, 2.

As an example of just how powerful Jehovah’s holy spirit is even compared to humans’ nuclear bombs, according to my research and calculations, every day, the sun, produced with power from the holy spirit, puts out the energy of almost 8 quadrillion (1015) 1-megaton nuclear bombs. (A single 1-megaton nuclear bomb would release about 67 times the amount of energy released by the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.) And according to NASA, “it turns out that our Sun is an average-sized star. There are bigger stars, and there are smaller stars. We have found stars that are 100 times bigger in diameter than our sun.” So, while the forces of romantic and sexual attraction can be powerful, if we always choose to put Jehovah first regardless of our relationship status and pray and act accordingly, Jehovah’s holy spirit can certainly operate even more powerfully in our lives.—1 Corinthians 7:25–35; Philippians 4:13.


For convenience:

The direct link for the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Learn From the Bible book is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Learn From the Bible book is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.

Categories
Science Technology Theocratic

miǎománg

miǎománg (miǎo·máng {(as if lost on or in a) vast expanse (of water) → [distant; indistinct; vague | tiny; insignificant]} · {vast; borderless (as an expanse of water); indistinct} → [distant and indistinct; remote and vague | uncertain] 渺茫 渺/淼茫) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 📘 icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and 📘 Reveal None re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

The Shēngmìng Láizì Chuàngzào Ma? ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (Lái·zì Came · From 来自 來自) (Chuàng·zào Initiating · {Making, Creating} → [Creating] 创造 創造) (Ma [? ptcl for “yes/no” questions])? [Was Life Created? (lc)]) (Was Life Created? (lc)) brochure and the Shēngmìng de Qǐyuán—Zhíde Sīkǎo de Wǔ Ge Wèntí ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (de ’s 的) (Qǐ·yuán {Rising → [Starting]} · Source → [Origin] 起源/原)—(Zhí·de Worth · Getting → [Worth] 值得) (Sī·kǎo {Thinking About} · Examining 思考) (de ’s 的) (Wǔ Five 五) (Ge [mw]個/个) (Wèn·tí Asking · Subjects → [Questions] 问题 問題) [The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]) (The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)) brochure were originally published back in 2010, but relatively recently, the English version of the Was Life Created? brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. Also, the Was Life Created? brochure and the Origin of Life brochure are now in the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app. So, it would be good to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of these publications that can be so helpful when discussing whether life was created.

Compounding Improbabilities

This week’s MEotW, “miǎománg (miǎo·máng {(as if lost on or in a) vast expanse (of water) → [distant and indistinct; vague | tiny; insignificant]} · {vast; borderless (as an expanse of water); indistinct} → [distant and indistinct; remote and vague | uncertain] 渺茫 渺/淼茫)”, occurs a couple of times in the QUESTION 1 section of the Origin of Life brochure, entitled, in English, “How Did Life Begin?”. For example, it occurs in the final Fact: item mentioned in the box at the end of the section:

English:

Fact: Protein and RNA molecules must work together for a cell to survive. Scientists admit that it is highly unlikely that RNA formed by chance. The odds against even one protein forming by chance are astronomical. It is exceedingly improbable that RNA and proteins should form by chance in the same place at the same time and be able to work together.

Mandarin (WOL, Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus):

📖 📄 📘 Shìshí (Shì·shí Matter · {Being Solid} → [Fact] 事实 事實): Xìbāo (Xì·bāo tiny · womb → [cell] 细胞 細胞) yào (if 要) néng ({is to be able} 能) cúnhuó (cún·huó {to survive} · {to live} → [to survive] 存活), dànbái‐zhì ((dàn·bái egg · white → [protein] 蛋白)‐(zhì substance) [protein]) ({(together) with} → [and]和/龢) RNA fēnzǐ (fēn·zǐ {divided (off)} · {small and hard things} → [molecules] 分子) bìxū (must 必须 必須) hézuò (hé·zuò {closing → [joining]} · do → [work together] 合作). Kēxué‐jiā ((Kē·xué {branches of study} · learning → [science] 科学 科學)‐(jiā -ists 家) [scientists]) chéngrèn (chéng·rèn undertake · {to recognize} → [admit] 承认 承認) RNA shì (is 是) (extremely) (not 不) kěnéng (kě·néng maybe · {being able} → [possibly] 可能) pèngqiǎo (pèng·qiǎo {having bumped into} · {being coincidental} → [by chance] 碰巧) chǎnshēng (chǎn·shēng {given birth to → [produced]} · {given birth to → [caused to exist]} → [brought into being] 产生 產生) de ({’s (thing)} 的), (one 一) ge ([mw]個/个) dànbái‐zhì ((dàn·bái egg · white → [protein] 蛋白)‐(zhì substance) [protein]) pèngqiǎo (pèng·qiǎo {having bumped into} · {being coincidental} → [by chance] 碰巧) chǎnshēng (chǎn·shēng {being given birth to → [being produced]} · {being given birth to → [being caused to exist]} → [being brought into being] 产生 產生) de (’s 的) kěnéng‐xìng ((kě·néng {being able} · {to be able to be} → [being probable] 可能)‐(xìng nature → [property] 性) [probability]) (also 也) wēihū‐qí‐wēi ((wēi·hū {is tiny} · {with regard to} 微乎)‐(qí its 其)‐(wēi {being tiny} 微) [is the tiniest of tiny]), ér (and 而) RNA ({(together) with} → [and]和/龢) dànbái‐zhì ((dàn·bái egg · white → [protein] 蛋白)‐(zhì substances) [proteins]) yào ({being supposed} 要) tóngshí (tóng·shí {(at the) same} · {(particular) time} 同时 同時) tóngdì (tóng·dì {(at the) same} · {ground → [place]} 同地) chǎnshēng (chǎn·shēng {to be given birth to → [to be produced]} · {to be given birth to → [to be caused to exist]} → [to be brought into being] 产生 產生) bìngqiě (bìng·qiě equally · also 并且 並且) néng ({to be able} 能) hùxiāng ({with each other} 互相) hézuò (hé·zuò {closing → [joining]} · {to do} → [to work together] 合作), jīhuì (opportunity → [chance] 机会 機會) jiù (then 就) gèngjiā (gèng·jiā {even more} · {adding → [additionally]} 更加) miǎománg (miǎo·máng {(is as if lost on or in a) vast expanse (of water) → [is distant and indistinct]} · {is borderless (as an expanse of water)} → [is remote and vague] 渺茫 渺/淼茫).

Looking at the morphemes in “miǎománg (miǎo·máng {(as if lost on or in a) vast expanse (of water) → [distant and indistinct; vague | tiny; insignificant]} · {vast; borderless (as an expanse of water); indistinct} → [distant and indistinct; remote and vague | uncertain] 渺茫 渺/淼茫)”, the first one seems to literally mean “vast expanse (of water)”, with an implied meaning of “as if lost on or in a vast expanse of water”. This can lead to effective meanings such as “distant and indistinct; vague” and “tiny; insignificant”. As for the second morpheme, it means “vast; borderless (as an expanse of water); indistinct”—again, an expanse of water is implied. Taken together, the morphemes in “miǎománg (miǎo·máng {(as if lost on or in a) vast expanse (of water) → [distant and indistinct; vague | tiny; insignificant]} · {vast; borderless (as an expanse of water); indistinct} → [distant and indistinct; remote and vague | uncertain] 渺茫 渺/淼茫) on a certain level of literalness mean “as if lost on or in a vast, borderless expanse of water”, and effectively mean “distant and indistinct; remote and vague” or “uncertain”.

Isn’t It Ironic?

So, while at first glance, “miǎománg (miǎo·máng {(as if lost on or in a) vast expanse (of water) → [distant and indistinct; vague | tiny; insignificant]} · {vast; borderless (as an expanse of water); indistinct} → [distant and indistinct; remote and vague | uncertain] 渺茫 渺/淼茫) may seem to directly mean something like “vast (and obvious) like an expanse of water”, it’s actually used to mean just about the opposite. Rather than being like, “Look! I found this great, big ocean! Easy!”, it’s more like, “Oh, no! I have to find a specific thing, but it’s somewhere on/in this vast, boundless ocean! Is that really even possible?”

Similarly, sort of, the English word “inflammable” may seem at first to mean “not catching fire easily”, but it actually means the opposite. Also, while “infinitesimal” may have come from the same Latin word that “infinite” came from, “infinitesimal” and “infinite” have almost opposite meanings.

Accuarate, and Also Illustrative

While the wording of “exceedingly improbable” in the above-quoted section of the English Origin of Life brochure is technically correct, the morphemes in “miǎománg (miǎo·máng {(as if lost on or in a) vast expanse (of water) → [distant and indistinct; vague | tiny; insignificant]} · {vast; borderless (as an expanse of water); indistinct} → [distant and indistinct; remote and vague | uncertain] 渺茫 渺/淼茫) additionally provide an illustration that can help us comprehend the reality, the scale, of what is being discussed.

NASA photo of the Pacific Ocean, as seen from space

NASA photo of the Pacific Ocean, as seen from space (Talk about vast—the Pacific Ocean takes up about a third of the earth’s surface! It’s also the deepest of the earth’s oceans.)

Imagine if you had to find a particular drop of water in the Pacific Ocean. Or, imagine if even something as “big” as your iPhone or other smartphone fell out of a plane that was crossing the Pacific Ocean. How big is the likelihood that you could find it the way evolution supposedly functions—completely by chance, without the application of any intelligence? While it’s theoretically not totally impossible that you could do so, would you bet your life on it? Would you use that vague, insignificant possibility as “just” the basis of your whole way of thinking about life and the world? The use of “miǎománg (miǎo·máng {(as if lost on or in a) vast expanse (of water) → [distant and indistinct; vague | tiny; insignificant]} · {vast; borderless (as an expanse of water); indistinct} → [distant and indistinct; remote and vague | uncertain] 渺茫 渺/淼茫) in the above-quoted section of the Mandarin Origin of Life brochure expresses to us that that is in effect what those who believe in evolution are doing.—John 3:36; 17:3; Proverbs 9:10.


For convenience:

The direct link for the current-generation Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Origin of Life brochure is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Origin of Life brochure is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Origin of Life brochure will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.

Categories
Current Events Science

jùfēng

jùfēng (jù·fēng cyclone; hurricane; typhoon · wind → [hurricane; typhoon] 飓风 颶風) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

During the week preceding the date of this post, Hurricane Ian hit the USA. As NBC News reported on the afternoon of Oct. 1, 2022:

The death toll from Hurricane Ian rose Saturday to more than 77 as one of strongest and costliest storms to ever hit the U.S. pushed northward from the Carolinas leaving in its wake a trifecta of misery—dangerous flooding, power outages and massive destruction.

At the time of this writing, jw.org was featuring the related article “Extreme Weather—Can the Bible Help You to Cope?”. The Mandarin version of this article uses this week’s MEotW, “jùfēng (jù·fēng cyclone; hurricane; typhoon · wind → [hurricane; typhoon] 飓风 颶風)”, to translate the English word “hurricane”.

Note that while one who is familiar with the Mandarin expression “dàfēng (dà·fēng {big → [strong]} · wind [→ [fresh gale]] 大风 大風)” (literally, “big wind”) might assume that the first morpheme in “jùfēng (jù·fēng cyclone; hurricane; typhoon · wind → [hurricane; typhoon] 飓风 颶風)” is the same as the first morpheme (meaning “huge; gigantic”) in “jùdà (jù·dà huge; gigantic · big 巨大)”, actually, the first morpheme in “jùfēng (jù·fēng cyclone; hurricane; typhoon · wind → [hurricane; typhoon] 飓风 颶風)” is a different one that specifically means “cyclone; hurricane; typhoon”.

A Tropical Cyclone by Any Other Name…

The English jw.org article mentioned above also mentions hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones. The corresponding expressions used in the Mandarin version are, respectively, “jùfēng (jù·fēng hurricane · winds → [hurricanes] 飓风 颶風)”, “táifēng (tái·fēng typhoon · winds → [typhoons] 台风 颱風)”, and “qìxuán (qì·xuán air · circlings → [cyclones] 气旋 氣旋)”. What though, are the differences between hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones?

The US government’s National Ocean Service explains it like this:

The only difference between a hurricane and a typhoon is the location where the storm occurs.

Hurricanes and typhoons are the same weather phenomenon: tropical cyclones. A tropical cyclone is a generic term used by meteorologists to describe a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or subtropical waters and has closed, low-level circulation.

The weakest tropical cyclones are called tropical depressions. If a depression intensifies such that its maximum sustained winds reach 39 miles per hour, the tropical cyclone becomes a tropical storm. Once a tropical cyclone reaches maximum sustained winds of 74 miles per hour or higher, it is then classified as a hurricane, typhoon, or tropical cyclone, depending upon where the storm originates in the world. In the North Atlantic, central North Pacific, and eastern North Pacific, the term hurricane is used. The same type of disturbance in the Northwest Pacific is called a typhoon. Meanwhile, in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the generic term tropical cyclone is used, regardless of the strength of the wind associated with the weather system.

Structure

Some might also find the following information interesting, on the structure and behaviour of tropical cyclones like hurricanes, etc.:

The main parts of a tropical cyclone are the rainbands, the eye, and the eyewall. Air spirals in toward the center in a counter-clockwise pattern in the northern hemisphere (clockwise in the southern hemisphere), and out the top in the opposite direction.

In the very center of the storm, air sinks, forming an “eye” that is mostly cloud-free.

Supercharged by Climate Change

Regarding hurricanes and similar storms, one thing that may be worthwhile to bring up in the field is that they are being made more destructive and difficult to predict by human-caused climate change.

An article on NASA’s website summarizes the situation and explains the basic mechanism:

Due to global warming, global climate models predict hurricanes will likely cause more intense rainfall and have an increased coastal flood risk due to higher storm surge caused by rising seas. Additionally, the global frequency of storms may decrease or remain unchanged, but hurricanes that form are more likely to become intense.

As surface temperatures rise, more liquid water evaporates from the land and ocean. Evaporation adds moisture to the air. How much water vapor the air can hold is based on its temperature. Warmer air temperatures can hold more water vapor. The increased moisture in the air leads to more intense rainfall, especially during extreme events.

In a hurricane, spiraling winds draw moist air toward the center, fueling the towering thunderstorms that surround it. As the air continues to warm due to climate change, hurricanes can hold more water vapor, producing more intense rainfall rates in a storm.

Moreover, …most models show that climate change brings a slight increase in hurricane wind intensity. This change is likely related to warming ocean temperatures and more moisture in the air, both of which fuel hurricanes.

Another article, on the Yale Climate Connections website, discusses a phenomenon called rapid intensification:

Rapid intensification, defined as an increase of wind speed of at least 35 mph in 24 hours, has recently garnered a lot of attention…

…human-caused warming significantly increases extreme tropical cyclone intensification rates…

Rapid intensification is one of the least well-predicted tropical cyclone processes and also one of the most dangerous, because storms that intensify quickly tend to catch people off guard.

By the way, the Mandarin expression currently used on jw.org to translate “climate change” is “qìhòu (qì·hòu {air → [weather]} · conditions → [climate] 气候 氣候) biànhuà (biàn·huà changing · transforming 变化 變化)”.