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Culture Language Learning Technology Theocratic

lìyì

lìyì (lì·yì {sharpening → [advantage; benefit; gain | profit; interest]} · benefit; advantage; profit → [benefit; profit] 利益) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 📘 icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and 📘 Reveal None re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

I have long especially liked 1 Corinthians 13. It contains counsel on what really does and doesn’t matter in life, an extensive description and definition of the most important kind of love, and a sublime discussion about the need to become complete, mature, as a person. As these apply to life in general, so too do they apply to our lives as Mandarin field language learners.

As Mandarin field language learners, it can benefit us greatly to consider what we can learn from 1 Corinthians 13, and along the way, we can also consider some of the Mandarin expressions used in that chapter in the current version of the Mandarin New World Translation Bible (nwtsty).

“Lookin’ Out for #1”?

This week’s MEotW, “lìyì (lì·yì {sharpening → [advantage; benefit; gain | profit; interest]} · benefit; advantage; profit → [benefit; profit] 利益)”, is used in verse 5 (WOL) of 1 Corinthians 13:

Screenshot of “_lìyì_” in 1 Co. 13:5 (nwtsty, CHS+_Pīnyīn_ WOL)

(Dark mode for the Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY (WOL) website, as shown in the above image, can be enabled in the Safari web browser by using the Noir Safari extension. Other web browsers may also have extensions with similar functionality.)

For comparison, here are the current English and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus renderings of 1 Corinthians 13:5:

English:

does not behave indecently, does not look for its own interests, does not become provoked. It does not keep account of the injury.

Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus:

📖 📄 📘 (not 不) zuò ({does do} 做) (not 不) guīju (guī·ju (following) {dividers → [rules]} · {carpenter’s squares → [regulations]} → [following established standards] 规矩 規矩) de ( 的) shì (things 事), (not 不) qiú ({does seek} 求) zìjǐ (self 自己) de (’s 的) lìyì (lì·yì {sharpening → [advantage]} · benefit → [benefit] 利益), (not 不) qīngyì (qīng·yì lightly · easily 轻易 輕易) dòngnù (dòng·nù {does have moved} · anger → [does get angry] 动怒 動怒), (not 不) jìjiào (jì·jiào {does count} · {does dispute} 计较 計較) biéren (bié·ren other · people 别人 別人) zàochéng (zào·chéng {have created} · {to come to be} 造成) de (’s 的) shānghài (injuring → [injury] 伤害 傷害),

The “lì (sharpen [→ [do good [for/to]; be beneficial [for/to]]] | sharpened [→ [sharp | favourable; advantageous; good; beneficial; smooth; convenient]] | sharpening [→ [advantage; benefit; gain | profit; interest]] 利) in “lìyì (lì·yì {sharpening → [advantage; benefit; gain | profit; interest]} · benefit; advantage; profit → [benefit; profit] 利益) literally means “sharpening”, and can effectively mean “advantage; benefit; gain”. Similarly, the “yì (benefit; good; advantage; profit; increase | beneficial; profitable | {to increase; to benefit} 益) in “lìyì (lì·yì {sharpening → [advantage; benefit; gain | profit; interest]} · benefit; advantage; profit → [benefit; profit] 利益) means “benefit; advantage; profit”. We can see then, why in 1 Corinthians 13:5 in the current English and Mandarin versions of the New World Translation Bible, “bù (not 不) qiú ({does seek} 求) zìjǐ (self 自己) de (’s 的) lìyì (lì·yì {sharpening → [advantage]} · benefit → [benefit] 利益) corresponds with the English phrase “does not look for its own interests”.

In this regard, true Christian love is completely opposite from the norm in Satan’s world, which is the kind of self-interest and lovelessness that’s expressed by this excerpt from the lyrics of the song “Lookin’ Out for #1”:

Every night is a different game
We gotta work for our fortune and fame
Success is a ladder, take a step at a time
And the people will remember your name

Yes, I found out all the tricks of the trade
And that’s there’s only one way you’re gonna get things done
I found out the only way to the top
Is looking out for number one
And that’s me, I’m looking out for number one

Not Looking For Our Own Interests in the Mandarin Field

Unlike the self-seeking people of Satan’s world, Mandarin field language learners who seek to show Christian love must not view their language learning and ministry as just a game, nor should they be seeking fortune and fame, or success as defined by the world. And rather than wanting people to remember their names, they seek to proclaim Jehovah’s name. Rather than trying to get to the top, they try to help Mandarin-speaking people to get everlasting life. Yes, rather than looking out for number one (themselves), they exert themselves and make sacrifices to help others as spiritual rescue workers, and they seek to glorify, not themselves, but rather, Jehovah, as admonished by our recently introduced song “Give Jehovah Glory”.

To help us gain insight on how well we are doing when it comes to not looking for our own interests in the Mandarin field, we could consider the following:

  • If we are exerting ourselves to learn the traditionally used but exceedingly complex Chinese characters, how much of our motivation is to be more able to help Mandarin-speaking people more effectively and glorify Jehovah more clearly and eloquently, and how much is it to glorify ourselves in the eyes of tradition-loving advocates of worldly Chinese culture?
  • Are we resistant to Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) because it doesn’t have the same worldly cultural glamour and prestige as the characters do, or do we value it because of how it can help us to more quickly, easily, and effectively glorify Jehovah and give spiritual help to Mandarin-speaking people?
  • This year’s convention program helps us to further appreciate the kind of person Jesus showed himself to be when he was on earth. As Jesus’ Christian followers, we seek to follow his example, including his example in showing love that “does not look for its own interests”.
    • From what we have learned about Jesus, if he were on earth today and serving in the Mandarin field, would he be impressed by the glorious, prestigious traditions of worldly Chinese culture, such as those involving Chinese characters? Would he be okay with allowing such human traditions to make it much more difficult than necessary to glorify Jehovah in Mandarin and give spiritual help to Mandarin-speaking people? Considering how he viewed the Sabbath traditions of the first-century Jews, which only unnecessarily oppressively burdened people one day a week, how would he view today’s human-mandated traditions involving Chinese characters, which unnecessarily oppressively burden his followers in the Mandarin field every single day?John 5:16, 17; 41–44.
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Culture Language Learning Science Technology Theocratic

Zàowù‐Zhǔ

Zàowù‐Zhǔ ((Zào·wù Created · Things 造物)‐(Zhǔ Master 主) [Creator]) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 📘 icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and 📘 Reveal None re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

At the time of this writing, jw.org had just recently featured the article “How Can You Decide?”, from the No. 3 2021 issue of Awake! magazine. The title of this issue, in English and in Mandarin, is as follows:

English:

Should You Believe in a Creator?—You Decide

Mandarin:

📖 📄 📘 Zhēnde (Zhēn·de Really · ’s 真的) Yǒu ({(There) Is Having} → [(There) Exists] 有) Zàowù‐Zhǔ ((Zào·wù Created · Things 造物)‐(Zhǔ Master 主) [Creator]) Ma ([? ptcl for “yes/no” questions])? (You 你) Néng (Can 能) Zhǎodào (Zhǎo·dào {Look For (and)} · {Arrive At} → [Find] 找到) Dá’àn (Dá’·àn Answering · {Long, Narrow Table or Desk → [Set of Information]} → [Answer] 答案)

As can be seen from the above example, “Zàowù‐Zhǔ ((Zào·wù Created · Things 造物)‐(Zhǔ Master 主) [Creator])”, this week’s MEotW, is the Mandarin expression meaning “Creator”. And, as can be seen from this expression’s Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus “flashcard”, the literal meanings of its constituent morphemes come together to mean something like “Master (or Lord) Who Created All Things”.

“Did They Give You Evidence”?

A couple more examples of “Zàowù‐Zhǔ ((Zào·wù Created · Things 造物)‐(Zhǔ Master 主) [Creator]) in use can be found in the second paragraph of the above-mentioned article from the No. 3 2021 issue of Awake!:

English:

Your schoolteachers may have confidently stated that the universe and life in it arose spontaneously, that no Creator was involved. But did your teachers provide you with evidence that a Creator does not exist? On the other hand, you may have heard religious leaders preach that there is a Creator. But did they give you evidence to back up their claim? Or did they ask you to accept their statement as a matter of “faith” or doctrine?

Mandarin:

📖 📄 📘 Xuéxiào (Xué·xiào {learning (place) → [school]} · school 学校 學校) lǎoshī (lǎo·shī {old → [experienced]} · teachers → [teachers] 老师 老師) yěxǔ (yě·xǔ {on the whole} · maybe 也许 也許) huì (will) hěn (very 很) kěndìng (kěn·dìng agreeing · {to be set} → [being certain] 肯定) de (-ly 地) gàosu (tell 告诉 告訴) (you 你), yǔzhòu (yǔ·zhòu universe · {all time, past, present, and future} → [universe] 宇宙) ({(together) with} → [and]和/龢) shēngmìng (life 生命) dōu (both 都) shì (were 是) pèngqiǎo (pèng·qiǎo {having bumped into} · {being coincidental} → [by chance] 碰巧) chǎnshēng (chǎn·shēng {given birth to → [produced]} · {given birth to → [caused to exist]} → [brought into being] 产生 產生) de ({’s (things)} 的), gēnběn (gēn·běn {root (of a plant)} · {root or stem of a plant} → [fundamentally] 根本) jiù (then 就) méiyǒu (méi·yǒu not · {did have} → [did not have] 没有 沒有) Zàowù‐Zhǔ ((Zào·wù Created · Things 造物)‐(Zhǔ Master 主) [Creator]). Dàn (but 但) tāmen (tā·men he/she · [pl] [they] 他们 他們) yǒu (had (or) 有) méiyǒu (méi·yǒu not · had → [had not] 没有 沒有) xiàng (to向/曏/嚮) (you 你) tíchū (tí·chū {carried (hanging down from the hand) → [raised] → [referred to]} · out 提出) zhèngjù (evidence 证据 證/証據) ne ([? ptcl] 呢)? Lìng (another 另) (one 一) fāngmiàn (fāng·miàn {direction → [side]} · face → [aspect] 方面), yìxiē (yì·xiē one · {indefinite number of} → [some] 一些) zōngjiào (zōng·jiào {school of thought} · teaching → [religious] 宗教) rénshì (rén·shì persons · {persons trained in a certain field} → [personages] 人士) zhǔzhāng (zhǔ·zhāng advocate · spread → [maintain] 主张 主張) yǒu ({(there) is having} → [(there) exists] 有) (one 一) wèi ({place of a} → [mw for persons] 位) Zàowù‐Zhǔ ((Zào·wù Created · Things 造物)‐(Zhǔ Master 主) [Creator]). Dàn (but 但) tāmen (tā·men he/she · [pl] [they] 他们 他們) tígōng (tí·gōng {did carry (hanging down from the hand) → [did raise]} · {did provide} 提供) zhèngjù (evidence 证据 證/証據) le ({to completion} 了) ma ([? ptcl for “yes/no” questions])? Háishi (Hái·shi {still more → [or]} · {was (it) that} 还是 還是) zhǐshì (zhǐ·shì (they) merely · were 只是) gàosu (telling 告诉 告訴) (you 你), “xìn (believing 信)jiù (then 就) gòule (gòu·le {is enough} · {to completion} 够了 夠了) ne ([? ptcl] 呢)?

A Big Presence in the Teaching Toolbox

It’s worth noting that the No. 3 2021 issue of Awake! is currently in the Teaching Toolbox in the JW Library app. That means that as of this writing, 3 out of the 6 books or brochures in the Teaching Toolbox—fully one half of them—are focused on the subject of creation/evolution. Additionally, the Enjoy Life Forever! book, one of the other publications in the Teaching Toolbox, has an entire lesson on the subject “How Did Life Begin?”. This big presence in the Teaching Toolbox of material focused on creation/evolution reflects a recent heavy emphasis on this issue on the part of the organization.

Indeed, for people in general to find real spiritual truth and make real spiritual progress, the question of the Creator’s existence is the first basic question that needs to be answered well in their minds, otherwise they are left with just the conflicting opinions, speculations, and platitudes of mere limited, imperfect humans. As Proverbs 9:10 says:

The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom,
And knowledge of the Most Holy One is understanding.

In the Mandarin field in particular, it is especially necessary to focus on the issue of the Creator’s existence, because current worldly Chinese culture has particularly heavily predisposed many Mandarin-speakers to not believe in a Creator.

At the same time, the worldwide Mandarin field is by far the largest language field in the world, and it’s likely that it is the largest language field ever in history.

Chart: Languages by First-Language Speakers—2019

So, the need is especially great for Mandarin field language learners to be able to help Mandarin-speakers overcome their cultural backgrounds and cultivate faith in the Creator!

Creation/Evolution, and Also the Great Wall of Characters

However, I suspect that even in their mother tongue, many Mandarin field language learners would be hesitant to discuss creation/evolution, since it is an especially deeply technical subject. Adding the requirement to conduct the discussion in Mandarin, which has traditionally been written using the extraordinarily complex Chinese characters, to many just makes an already daunting task seem even more undoable.

The Great Wall of China

In addition to the inherent technical difficulty of the subject of creation/evolution, Mandarin field language learners also face the Great Wall of characters.

To help with this formidable challenge, the organization’s official Mandarin digital material for the No. 3 2021 issue of Awake!, and for the Was Life Created? and Origin of Life brochures, is available with Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音). Additionally, unofficial Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus material—specifically designed, not to be spiritual food, but for helping Mandarin field language learners to get past the Great Wall of characters and actually learn to understand and speak the Mandarin they need—is available for the Was Life Created? and Origin of Life brochures, and will soon be available for the No. 3 2021 issue of Awake! too. For updates on these Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resources, keep an eye on this blog, on the Links News blog, and on the related account on the social network of your choice listed on this blog’s Contact page.

Categories
Science Technology Theocratic

xiāngduì

xiāngduì (xiāng·duì {[with] each other}; {one another}; mutually · {facing; opposing [→ [compared]]} → [[being] opposite each other; face to face | relative/relatively; comparatively; vis-à-vis] 相对 相對) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 📘 icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and 📘 Reveal None re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

The Shēngmìng Láizì Chuàngzào Ma? ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (Lái·zì Came · From 来自 來自) (Chuàng·zào Initiating · {Making, Creating} → [Creating] 创造 創造) (Ma [? ptcl for “yes/no” questions])? [Was Life Created? (lc)]) (Was Life Created? (lc)) brochure and the Shēngmìng de Qǐyuán—Zhíde Sīkǎo de Wǔ Ge Wèntí ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (de ’s 的) (Qǐ·yuán {Rising → [Starting]} · Source → [Origin] 起源/原)—(Zhí·de Worth · Getting → [Worth] 值得) (Sī·kǎo {Thinking About} · Examining 思考) (de ’s 的) (Wǔ Five 五) (Ge [mw]個/个) (Wèn·tí Asking · Subjects → [Questions] 问题 問題) [The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]) (The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)) brochure were originally published back in 2010, but relatively recently, the English version of the Was Life Created? brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. Also, the Was Life Created? brochure and the Origin of Life brochure are now in the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app. So, it would be good to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of these publications that can be so helpful when discussing whether life was created.

It’s Relative?

This week’s MEotW, “xiāngduì (xiāng·duì {[with] each other}; {one another}; mutually · {facing; opposing [→ [compared]]} → [[being] opposite each other; face to face | relative/relatively; comparatively; vis-à-vis] 相对 相對)”, occurs in paragraph 3 of the QUESTION 2 section of the Origin of Life brochure, which section is entitled, in English, “Is Any Form of Life Really Simple?”:

English:

Since prokaryotic cells are relatively less complex than eukaryotic cells, many believe that animal and plant cells must have evolved from bacterial cells.

Mandarin (WOL, Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus):

📖 📄 📘 Xiāngduì (Xiāng·duì {one another} · {facing → [compared]} → [relatively] 相对 相對) lái (coming) shuō ({to say}說/説), yuánhé (yuán·hé primitive · {pit (of a fruit) → [nucleus]} → [prokaryotic] 原核) xìbāo (xì·bāo tiny · wombs → [cells] 细胞 細胞) de ( 的) gòuzào (gòu·zào {constructings → [structures]} · makings → [structures] 构造 構造) ({compared to} 比) zhēnhé (zhēn·hé true · {pit (of a fruit) → [nucleus]} → [eukaryotic] 真核) xìbāo (xì·bāo tiny · wombs → [cells] 细胞 細胞) jiǎndān (jiǎn·dān {are simple} · {are single → [are simple]} → [are simple] 简单 簡單), suǒyǐ (suǒ·yǐ {that which} · {is the reason/cause} → [so] 所以) xǔduō (xǔ·duō numbers · many 许多 許多) kēxué‐jiā ((kē·xué {branches of study} · learning → [science] 科学 科學)‐(jiā -ists 家) [scientists]) rènwéi (rèn·wéi identify · {(it) to be (that)} 认为 認為) dòng‐zhíwù ((dòng moving)‐(zhí·wù planted · things 植物) [plants and animals]) de ( 的) xìbāo (xì·bāo tiny · wombs → [cells] 细胞 細胞) dōu (all 都) bìdìng (bì·dìng certainly · {(it) has been set} 必定) shì (are 是) cóng (from) xìjūn (xì·jūn tiny · bacteria → [bacterial] 细菌 細菌) xìbāo (xì·bāo tiny · wombs → [cells] 细胞 細胞) yǎnshēng (yǎn·shēng {spilling over} · {given life to} → [evolved] 衍生) chulai (chu·lai out · {to come} 出来 出來) de ({’s (cells)} 的).

It’s Complex, Absolutely

In “xiāngduì (xiāng·duì {[with] each other}; {one another}; mutually · {facing; opposing [→ [compared]]} → [[being] opposite each other; face to face | relative/relatively; comparatively; vis-à-vis] 相对 相對)”, “xiāng ({[with] each other}; {one another}; mutually 相) means “each other”, or “one another”. “Duì ({trained on}; {directed at}; facing; opposite; opposing; {[is] towards} [→ [to | treat | [is] correct; [is] right | pair; couple [of] | comparing; checking; verifying]]) literally means “facing” or “opposing”, and can effectively mean “compared”. Together, these morphemes can be taken to effectively mean “relative” or “relatively”, as they are in the above example.

The opposite of “relative” or “relatively” is “absolute” or “absolutely”, and the Mandarin word for that is “juéduì (jué·duì {being cut off → [asolutely]} · {facing → [compared]} → [[is] absolute[ly]; perfect[ly]; definite[ly]] 绝对 絕對)”. The “jué ({cut off}; severed [→ [exhausted; used up; finished; terminated | unique; superb; matchless | died; has become extinct]] | {being cut off} → [absolutely; extremely]絕/絶) used here literally means “cut off”, and can effectively mean “absolutely” or “extremely”. The “duì ({trained on}; {directed at}; facing; opposite; opposing; {[is] towards} [→ [to | treat | [is] correct; [is] right | pair; couple [of] | comparing; checking; verifying]]) in “juéduì (jué·duì {being cut off → [asolutely]} · {facing → [compared]} → [[is] absolute[ly]; perfect[ly]; definite[ly]] 绝对 絕對) is the same one that’s in “xiāngduì (xiāng·duì {[with] each other}; {one another}; mutually · {facing; opposing [→ [compared]]} → [[being] opposite each other; face to face | relative/relatively; comparatively; vis-à-vis] 相对 相對)”.

Relatively speaking, some cells are simpler than other cells, and as mentioned in the example above, some latch on to that and suggest that more complex cells must have evolved from relatively simpler cells. However, as the Origin of Life brochure goes on to show us, any cell is still highly, highly complex in absolute terms, when it comes to what could be formed by random chance.

Relatively and Absolutely “Far Too Complex to Have Arisen by Chance”

The following statement, which occurs towards the end of the QUESTION 2 section of the Origin of Life brochure, describes the complexity of even relatively “simple” cells:

English:

Fact: Some respected scientists say that even a “simple” cell is far too complex to have arisen by chance on earth.

Mandarin (WOL, Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus):

📖 📄 📘 Shìshí (Shì·shí matter · {being solid} → [fact] 事实 事實): Yǒuxiē (Yǒu·xiē {(there) are having → [(there) are]} · some 有些) bèishòu (bèi·shòu fully · receive 备受 備受) zūnzhòng (zūn·zhòng respecting · {(viewing as) weighty} 尊重) de (’s 的) kēxué‐jiā ((kē·xué {branches of study} · learning → [science] 科学 科學)‐(jiā -ists 家) [scientists]) shuō (saying說/説), jiùsuàn (jiù·suàn {even if} · {figuring → [considering]} 就算) shì ({(it) is} 是) (one 一) ge ([mw]個/个)jiǎndān (jiǎn·dān simple · {single → [simple]} → [simple] 简单 簡單)de (’s 的) xìbāo (xì·bāo tiny · womb → [cell] 细胞 細胞) ((it) also 也) shífēn (shí·fēn ten · portions → [very much] 十分) fùzá (fù·zá {is turned around → [is complex]} · {is mixed} → [is complex] 复杂 複雜), (not 不) kěnéng (kě·néng maybe · {being able} → [possibly] 可能) shì ({had been} 是) pèngqiǎo (pèng·qiǎo {having bumped into} · {being coincidental} → [by chance] 碰巧) zài (on 在) dìqiú (dì·qiú earth · globe 地球) shang (upon 上) xíngchéng (xíng·chéng {form (n)} · {came to be} → [formed] 形成) de ({’s (thing)} 的).

Let us, then, continue to do what we can to help Mandarin-speaking people to get acquainted with the abundant evidence that life was indeed created, and let us help them to get to know our loving Creator.


For convenience:

The direct link for the current-generation Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Origin of Life brochure is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Origin of Life brochure is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Origin of Life brochure will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.