Category: Technology

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Culture Language Learning Technology Theocratic

xīndé

xīndé (xīn·dé heart · {got/obtained(’s things)} → [(things) learned from work/study/experience/etc.] 心得) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 📘 icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and 📘 Reveal None re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

One of the publications that is now recommended to be used on Bible studies is the Yǒngyuǎn Xiǎngshòu Měihǎo de Shēngmìng—Hùdòng Shì Shèngjīng Kèchéng ((Yǒng·yuǎn Eternally · {Far (in Time)} 永远 永遠) (Xiǎng·shòu Enjoy · Receive 享受) (Měi·hǎo Beautiful · Good 美好) (de ’s 的) (Shēngmìng Life 生命)—(Hù·dòng {Each Other} · Moving → [Interactive] 互动 互動) (Shì (Type 式) (Shèng·jīng Holy · Scriptures → [Bible] 圣经 聖經) (Kè·chéng Lessons · Procedure → [Course] 课程 課程) → [Enjoy Life Forever!—An Interactive Bible Course (lff)]) (Enjoy Life Forever! (lff)) book. An outstanding feature of this book is its extensive use of the post-paper technology of video, which enables information to be presented much more vividly than could be done with paper. Also, at this time, one of the unique features of Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus material is Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus video transcripts. These can help us Mandarin field language learners to analyze and understand the Mandarin speech used in the many videos referenced in the Mandarin Enjoy Life Forever! book. This in turn can help us make more effective use of these videos while participating in Mandarin Bible discussions using this book.

This week’s MEotW, “xīndé (xīn·dé heart · {got/obtained(’s things)} → [(things) learned from work/study/experience/etc.] 心得)”, occurs in subtitle 44 of the transcript for the video for lesson 11, point 4 of the Mandarin Enjoy Life Forever! book:

English:

You can better relate to the brothers’ and sisters’ comments

because you’ve read the material yourself, and I can comment too.

Mandarin:

43
00:01:41,503 → 00:01:44,799
📖 📄 📘 Tíqián (Tí·qián {carried (hanging down from the hand) → [raised] → [shifted to an earlier time]} · ahead → [beforehand] 提前) yùxí (yù·xí {in advance} · {having reviewed} → [having prepared] 预习 預習), jiù ({(I) then} 就) néng (can 能) cóng (from 从 從) dàjiā (dà·jiā big · family → [everyone] 大家) fēnxiǎng (fēn·xiǎng {divides → [distributes]} · {enjoying of} → [shares] 分享) de (’ 的) yàodiǎn (yào·diǎn important · points 要点 要點) huòyì (huò·yì {capture → [obtain]} · benefits 获益 獲益),

44
00:01:44,799 → 00:01:47,343
📖 📄 📘 wǒ (I 我) yě (also 也) néng (can 能) fābiǎo (fā·biǎo {issue → [utter]} · express 发表 發表) zìjǐ (self 自己) de (’s 的) xīndé (xīn·dé heart · {has obtained(’s things)} → [(things) learned from work/study/experience/etc.] 心得) tǐhuì (tǐ·huì {bodily → [personally]} · {has come to understand(’s things)} 体会 體會).

Morphemic Breakdown and Interaction

The morphemes in “xīndé (xīn·dé heart · {got/obtained(’s things)} → [(things) learned from work/study/experience/etc.] 心得)” are probably quite familiar to even beginning students of Mandarin—“xīn (heart 心)” means “heart”, and “dé (get; obtain 得)” literally means “get” or “obtain”. When we put these two simple and well known expressions together, though, they mean “heart got/obtained(’s things)”, and we end up with an effective meaning that’s greater than the sum of its parts: “(things) learned from work/study/experience/etc.”

(By the way, note that the sister quoted in the video said that advance preparation helps her to be able to effectively share her xīndé (xīn·dé heart · {has obtained(’s things)} → [(things) learned from work/study/experience/etc.] 心得). As Mandarin field language learners, we may especially benefit from advance preparation so that we can more effectively use Mandarin to share with Mandarin-speaking people the things our hearts have learned. Yes, as boring and unglamorous as it may seem, our Mandarin abilities can be significantly enhanced by good old preparation and practice!)

Matters of the Heart

Going back to “xīn (heart 心)”, which means “heart”, it’s good to remember how important the heart is to our Mandarin field ministry. While the mind has much to do when one is learning Mandarin for the Mandarin field, and while some like to focus on how much knowledge of Chinese characters their minds have soaked up, the MEotW post on “xìnxīn (xìn·xīn believing · heart → [faith; confidence] 信心)” points out the following about speaking to Mandarin-speaking people about spiritual things:

The Mandarin culture and language correctly recognize that the heart is deeply involved in spirituality. In fact, as mentioned in Appendix A2 of the current Mandarin version of the New World Translation Bible (nwtsty), one of the expressions that the current version of the Mandarin NWT Bible uses to translate the English word “spiritual” is “xīnlíng (xīn·líng heart · spirit [→ [spiritual]] 心灵 心靈)”, which is a past MEotW. This expression literally means “heart spirit”.

So, let us not be quick, in our pride, to dismiss talk of the heart as sentimental nonsense. As expressed by the Mandarin expression “àixīn (ài·xīn loving · heart → [love] 爱心 愛心)” (a past MEotW), we love with our hearts, and as God’s Word tells us in 1 Corinthians 13, if we don’t have love, then any knowledge, skills, abilities, etc. that we have, and that we may be proud of, are meaningless.

Serving in the Mandarin field—or any language field, really—is not just a matter of sharing knowledge and applying language or other mental skills. As this week’s MEotW reminds us, it’s also about sharing our hearts and the things our hearts have learned. And as we age, even if our physical and mental abilities may not be what they used to be, we naturally come to have more and more experience and heart lessons to share. Let us Mandarin field language learners apply ourselves out of love, not to glorify ourselves or anything like that, but so that we can share with Mandarin-speaking people the valuable things that Jehovah has helped our hearts to learn, in a way that they can tell is from the heart.

For convenience:

The direct link for the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Enjoy Life Forever! book is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Enjoy Life Forever! book is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Enjoy Life Forever! book will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.

Categories
Culture Language Learning Science Technology Theocratic

suíjī

suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

The Shēngmìng Láizì Chuàngzào Ma? ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (Lái·zì Came · From 来自 來自) (Chuàng·zào Initiating · {Making, Creating} → [Creating] 创造 創造) (Ma [? ptcl for “yes/no” questions] 吗 嗎)? → [Was Life Created? (lc)]) (Was Life Created? (lc)) brochure and the Shēngmìng de Qǐyuán—Zhíde Sīkǎo de Wǔ Ge Wèntí ((Shēngmìng Life 生命) (de ’s 的) (Qǐ·yuán {Rising → [Starting]} · Source → [Origin] 起源/原)—(Zhí·de Worth · Getting → [Worth] 值得) (Sī·kǎo {Thinking About} · Examining 思考) (de ’s 的) (Wǔ Five 五) (Ge [mw] 个 個/个) (Wèn·tí Asking · Subjects → [Questions] 问题 問題) → [The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]) (The Origin of Life—Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)) brochure were originally published back in 2010, but recently, the English version of the Was Life Created? brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. Also, the Was Life Created? brochure and the Origin of Life brochure are now in the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app. So, it would be good to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of these publications that can be so helpful when discussing whether life was created.

How It Started?

“In the beginning, some random, undirected events took place that somehow led to life as we know it on earth today.” That is basically the story that evolutionists tell about how life came to be. So, it’s good for us Mandarin field language learners to know that in its Introduction, the Mandarin Was Life Created? brochure uses this week’s MEotW, “suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機)”, where the English version of this brochure uses the word “random”.

How It Breaks Down

The “suí (follow; {[come/go] along with}; {vary according to} [→ [comply with; adapt to]] 随 隨)” in “suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機)” basically means “follow”, or “come/go along with”. Some of the other Mandarin expressions that it appears in include “gēnsuí (follow 跟随 跟隨)”, “suíbiàn (suí·biàn following; {[going] along with} · convenience → [[is] casual; random; informal | [is] as one pleases | [is] careless; negligent | [is] wanton; arbitrary] 随便 隨便)”, and “suíshí (suí·shí {coming/going along with} · {(particular) time} → [at any time; anytime; at all times] 随时 隨時)‐suídì (suí·dì {coming/going along with} · {ground → [place]} → [any place; anywhere; everywhere] 随地 隨地)”.

The “jī ({machine; mechanism [→ [airplane; aircraft | being organic]]} | {incipient moment; crucial point} | chance; opportunity; occasion | intention; idea 机 機/机)” in “suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機)” can mean “chance; opportunity; occasion”, and it is also the “jī ({machine; mechanism [→ [airplane; aircraft | being organic]]} | {incipient moment; crucial point} | chance; opportunity; occasion | intention; idea 机 機/机)” in “jīhuì (opportunity 机会 機會)” and in “wēijī (wēi·jī {ridge of a roof → [dangerous | endangering]} · {incipient moment; crucial point | occasion} | {(for) ridge of a roof → [(for) danger]} · occasion; opportunity → [crisis] 危机 危機)” (which, as a past MEotW post emphasizes, does NOT mean that there is opportunity in danger).

How It Comes Together

When put together, the morphemes in “suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance → [random[ly]; stochastic[ly]] 随机 隨機)” literally mean “coming along with chance/opportunity”, and effectively mean “random” or “randomly”. Yes, while the Bible speaks of a loving Creator, evolution’s adherents, in holding that life is the result of suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance/opportunity → [random] 随机 隨機) events, thus portray evolution as a mere opportunist.

Those who bet on evolution may say that it’s not totally impossible that life came to exist suíjī (suí·jī {coming along with} · chance/opportunity → [randomly] 随机 隨機), by chance, but they may not realize—or they may have no faith—that their bet is not merely academic—they are ultimately unnecessarily betting their very lives. As John 17:3 says, coming to know God and Jesus leads to everlasting life, whereas those who continue to deny their Creator will eventually just die. So, let us continue to do our best to learn how to use the Mandarin language to help Mandarin-speaking ones to understand that they should bet their lives on Jehovah God, our Creator, not on the empty falsehoods of evolution.

How the Py+ Material Is Going

A while ago, I got the feeling that I should shift focus to get to work on producing current-generation Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus material for the Was Life Created? brochure, which I had last produced older-style material for several years earlier. The official material for this brochure had also not been changed for several years, with the last Mandarin printing of it being dated 2016-12. However, not long after I had started working on new Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus material for this brochure, I noticed that a new printing, dated 2022-12, had been put out for the English version of the Was Life Created? brochure, and then, a new printing, dated 2023-02, appeared in the JW Library app for the Mandarin version of this brochure. Also, the Was Life Created? brochure and the Origin of Life brochure were added to the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app at around this time. It seems that Jehovah had decided that the time had come for renewed focus on these brochures, and it seems that the work of producing Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus material for the Was Life Created? brochure is privileged to be part of this renewed focus.

At the time of this writing, the old 3-line files (iPad-Letter-A4, XLP-iPhone-A5) together with the new Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource cover the entire Was Life Created? brochure. (The 3-line files were based on an older version of the brochure, though.) Also, the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource (which can be used offline in supporting browsers) contains no more Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)-only material that has only been partially proofread—all the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)-only material has now been fully proofread.

Additionally, there is now a similar Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource for the Origin of Life brochure as well.

For convenience:

The direct link for the current generation Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Was Life Created? brochure is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Was Life Created? brochure is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Was Life Created? brochure will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.

Categories
Culture Language Learning Technology Theocratic

suàn buliǎo

suàn buliǎo ((suàn {to be counted as} [→ [to be considered/regarded as]] 算) (bu·liǎo not · {is finishing} → [is unable] 不了) → [is not able to be counted/considered/regarded as]) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 📘 icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and 📘 Reveal None re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

I have long especially liked 1 Corinthians 13. It contains counsel on what really does and doesn’t matter in life, an extensive description and definition of the most important kind of love, and a sublime discussion about the need to become complete, mature, as a person. As these apply to life in general, so too do they apply to our lives as Mandarin field language learners.

As Mandarin field language learners, it can benefit us greatly to consider what we can learn from 1 Corinthians 13, and along the way, we can also consider some of the Mandarin expressions used in that chapter in the current version of the Mandarin New World Translation Bible (nwtsty).

Not That “了”, the Other “了”

This week’s MEotW, “suàn buliǎo ((suàn {to be counted as} [→ [to be considered/regarded as]] 算) (bu·liǎo not · {is finishing} → [is unable] 不了) → [is not able to be counted/considered/regarded as])”, is used in verse 2 (WOL, Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus) of 1 Corinthians 13:

Screenshot of “_suàn buliǎo_” in 1 Co. 13:2 (nwtsty, CHS+_Pīnyīn_ WOL)

(Dark mode for the Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY (WOL) website, as shown in the above image, can be enabled in the Safari web browser by using the Noir Safari extension.)

The “suàn (calculate; compute; figure | count (v) [→ [consider/regard as]] 算)” in “suàn buliǎo ((suàn {to be counted as} [→ [to be considered/regarded as]] 算) (bu·liǎo not · {is finishing} → [is unable] 不了) → [is not able to be counted/considered/regarded as])” can literally mean “to be counted as”, and in this expression, it can effectively mean “to be considered/regarded as”. The “bu (not 不)” used here is the familiar one that means “not”.

The character “了” often represents “le (-ed | {to completion} | [(at the end of a phrase/sentence) indicates a change] 了)”, but in “bùliǎo/buliǎo (bù·liǎo/bu·liǎo not · {is finishing} [→ [is unable]] 不了)”, “了” has a different pronunciation, and a different, although probably related, meaning. Critics of Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) like to point out that Mandarin has many homophones (different words that sound the same) (which in practice are handily handled by using sufficient context, as is routinely done when speaking Mandarin), but this is a case of Chinese character homographs (different words that are written the same) which are easier to tell apart in Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音).

Anyway, while “le (-ed | {to completion} | [(at the end of a phrase/sentence) indicates a change] 了)” is either an aspect marker meaning “to completion” or a modal particle used at the end of a phrase or sentence that indicates a change, “liǎo ({to be ending; finishing; concluding; settling} | {know clearly}; understand 了)” is a verb meaning “end; finish; conclude; settle”. (For more information about aspect markers and modal particles, see the MEotW post on “jiéle hūn ((jié·le {tied (a knot of)} · {to completion} 结了 結了) (hūn marrying → [marriage] 婚) → [[got] married])”.)

When brought together, the morphemes in “suàn buliǎo ((suàn {to be counted as} [→ [to be considered/regarded as]] 算) (bu·liǎo not · {is finishing} → [is unable] 不了) → [is not able to be counted/considered/regarded as])” literally mean “to be counted as not is finishing”, and effectively mean “is not able to be counted/considered/regarded as”.

Bookends

📖 📄 📘 Wǒ (I 我) jiùsuàn (jiù·suàn {even if} · {figuring → [considering]} 就算) néng ({am able} 能) zài (at 在) Shàngdì (Shàng·dì Above’s · {Emperor’s → [God’s]} → [God’s] 上帝) qǐshì (qǐ·shì {opening → [enlightening]} · showing → [inspiring] 启示 啟示) xià (under 下) fāyán (fā·yán {to issue forth} · speech → [to speak] 发言 發言), míngbai (míng·bai {am bright (about) → [am understanding]} · clearly 明白) yíqiè (yí·qiè {one (whole)} · {corresponding (set of)} → [all] 一切) shénshèng (shén·shèng godly · holy 神圣 神聖) de (’s 的) mìmì (mì·mì secret · {dense → [intimate] → [secret]} (things) → [secrets] 秘密 秘/祕密) hé ({(together) with} → [and] 和 和/龢) suǒyǒu (suǒ·yǒu {(all) which} · {(there) is having → [(there) is]} → [all] 所有) de (’s 的) zhīshi (knowledge 知识 知識), hái (also 还 還) yǒu ({am having} 有) shízú (shí·zú {ten (times)} · sufficient → [complete] 十足) de (’s 的) xìnxīn (xìn·xīn believing · heart → [faith] 信心) nénggòu (néng·gòu able · enough 能够 能夠) yí ({to move} 移/迻) shān (mountains 山), què (but 却 卻) méiyǒu (méi·yǒu not · {do have} 没有 沒有) ài (love 爱 愛), zhè (these 这 這) yě (even 也) suàn buliǎo ((suàn {to be counted as} → [to be considered as] 算) (bu·liǎo not · {are finishing} → [are unable] 不了) → [are not able to be considered as]) shénme (shén·me {what → [anything]} · [suf] 什么 什/甚麼).

In the current Mandarin New World Translation Bible’s rendition of 1 Corinthians 13:2, shown above in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus format, the “suàn (calculate; compute; figure | count (v) [→ [consider/regard as]] 算)” in “suàn buliǎo ((suàn {to be counted as} [→ [to be considered/regarded as]] 算) (bu·liǎo not · {is finishing} → [is unable] 不了) → [is not able to be counted/considered/regarded as])”, near the end of the verse, had also appeared in “jiùsuàn (jiù·suàn {even if} · {figuring → [considering]} 就算)” (a past MEotW), near the beginning of the verse. These two expressions thus act in Mandarin as bookends for this verse, expressing that while some may consider having “the gift of prophecy”, understanding of “all knowledge”, etc. to be really liǎo buqǐ ((liǎo understood 了) (bu·qǐ not · {to be rising → [up]} 不起) → [beyond understanding] → [extraordinary]) *, if one does not have love, even such things cannot be considered as being worth anything.—1 Corinthians 13:2.

 

* Hey, there’s “了” again, with yet another meaning! Good thing we can use Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) to clearly show which pronunciation should be used here! 😁 ^