Tag: Old Translations

Categories
Current Events Theocratic

kèchéng

kèchéng+ (kè·chéng lessons · {journey → [procedure]} → [course; curriculum; (Bible) study] 课程 課程) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[This is an updated version of a post that was originally posted on September 5, 2022.]

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 ➕ icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and ➕ Reveal + Symbols re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

This month, September 2026, there is a worldwide campaign featuring the Enjoy Life Forever! brochure. Appropriately, as of this writing, jw.org is featuring the article “Guided Bible Study Course—Enjoy Life Forever!”. The Mandarin version of this article makes use of the expression “kèchéng (kè·chéng lessons · {journey → [procedure]} → [course; curriculum; (Bible) study] 课程 課程)”, perhaps preceded by “Shèngjīng+ (Shèng·jīng Holy · Scriptures → [Bible] 圣经 聖經)”, to correspond with the English expressions “Bible study course”, “course”, and “Bible course”.

Interestingly, “[Shèngjīng (Shèng·jīng Holy · Scriptures → [Bible] 圣经 聖經)] yánjiū (yán·jiū {grinding → [studying]} · {studying carefully} → [study] 研究)”, an expression that has long been used in the past to mean “[Bible] study”, does not appear at all in the above-mentioned article.

Related Expressions

The “kè+ (subject; course; class | lesson 课 課)” in “kèchéng (kè·chéng lessons · {journey → [procedure]} → [course; curriculum; (Bible) study] 课程 課程)” may be familiar to those who have used the Mandarin versions of publications like the Good News brochure and the Enjoy Life Forever! brochure/book, since that is the Mandarin word used to correspond with the English word “lesson”. For example, “Lesson 10” is “Dì‐10 ((Dì [pref to form ordinal numerals] 第)‐(Shí Ten 10) → [10th]) Kè+ (Lesson 课 課)”.

Besides “kèchéng (kè·chéng lessons · {journey → [procedure]} → [course; curriculum; (Bible) study] 课程 課程)”, another word that “kè (subject; course; class | lesson 课 課)” appears in is “kèběn+ (kè·běn {course | lessons} · {root or stem → [mw for books, etc.]} → [textbook; coursebook] 课本 課本)”, which the above-mentioned article uses in reference to the Enjoy Life Forever! book that is now officially recommended for use on Bible studies. (Interestingly, the English version of the article does not use the word “textbook”, which is the main dictionary definition for “kèběn (kè·běn {course | lessons} · {root or stem → [mw for books, etc.]} → [textbook; coursebook] 课本 課本)”. It does, though, refer to the Enjoy Life Forever! book as an “interactive Bible course”. So, “coursebook” may be a better match for “kèběn (kè·běn {course | lessons} · {root or stem → [mw for books, etc.]} → [textbook; coursebook] 课本 課本)” in this case.)

As for the second morpheme in “kèchéng (kè·chéng lessons · {journey → [procedure]} → [course; curriculum; (Bible) study] 课程 課程)”, it is also used, perhaps unexpectedly, in “gōngchéng+ (gōng·chéng work · {journey → [procedure]} → [engineering | [engineering/work] project] 工程)” and in “gōngchéng‐shī+ ((gōng·chéng work · {journeys → [procedures]} → [engineering] 工程)‐(shī master → [skilled person; expert; specialist] 师 師) → [engineer])”.

Usage Examples

Here are a couple of examples of “kèchéng (kè·chéng lessons · {journey → [procedure]} → [course; curriculum; (Bible) study] 课程 課程)” in use, taken from the above-mentioned article:

English:

In this free interactive Bible course, you will get answers to such questions as:

  • How can I find happiness in life?
  • Will evil and suffering ever end?
  • Will I ever see my dead loved ones again?
  • Does God really care about me?
  • How can I pray and be heard by God?

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ Nǐ (you 你) kěyǐ (kě·yǐ can · [suf] 可以) cóng (from 从 從) zhèige (zhèi·ge this · [mw] 这个 這個) miǎnfèi (miǎn·fèi exempting · {costing → [fee]} → [free of charge] 免费 免費) de (’s 的) hùdòng+ (hù·dòng {each other} · moving → [interactive] 互动 互動)‐shì (type 式) Shèngjīng (Shèng·jīng Holy · Scriptures → [Bible] 圣经 聖經) kèchéng (kè·chéng lessons · {journey → [procedure]} → [course] 课程 課程) dédào (dé·dào get · {arriving at} 得到) yǐxià (yǐ·xià at · below’s 以下) wèntí (wèn·tí asking · subjects → [questions] 问题 問題) de (’ 的) dá’àn (dá’·àn answering · {long, narrow tables or desks → [sets of information]} → [answers] 答案):

  • 📖 📄 ➕ Zěnyàng (Zěn·yàng (in) what · {form → [way]} → [how] 怎样 怎樣) cái ({only then} 才 才/纔) néng (can 能) guòshang (guò·shang {(I) pass} · {(to be) upon} 过上 過上) xìngfú+ (xìng·fú fortunate · {(having) blessings} → [happy] 幸福) de (’s 的) shēnghuó (shēng·huó life · living 生活)?
  • 📖 📄 ➕ Èshì (È·shì evil · things 恶事 惡事) hé ({(together) with} → [and] 和 和/龢) tòngkǔ (tòng·kǔ {being in pain} · {being bitter → [suffering]} 痛苦) huì (will 会 會) yǒu (have 有) zhōngzhǐ+ (zhōng·zhǐ ending · stopping 终止 終止) de (’s 的) yì (one 一) tiān (sky → [day] 天) ma ([? ptcl for “yes/no” questions] 吗 嗎)?
  • 📖 📄 ➕ Wǒ (I 我) huì (will 会 會) gēn (with 跟) qùshì+ (qù·shì {have gone from} · {generation → [world]} → [have passed away] 去世) de (’s 的) qīnyǒu (qīn·yǒu relatives · friends 亲友 親友) chóngjù+ (chóng·jù again · meet 重聚) ma ([? ptcl for “yes/no” questions] 吗 嗎)?
  • 📖 📄 ➕ Shàngdì (Shàng·dì Above’s · {Emperor → [God]} → [God] 上帝) guānxīn+ (guān·xīn {does close → [does concern]} · heart (with) → [does care about] 关心 關心) wǒ (me 我) ma ([? ptcl for “yes/no” questions] 吗 嗎)?
  • 📖 📄 ➕ Shàngdì (Shàng·dì Above’s · {Emperor → [God]} → [God] 上帝) huì (will 会 會) tīng (hear 听 聽/听) wǒ de ((wǒ me 我) (de ’s 的) → [my]) dǎogào+ (dǎo·gào prayers · {requestings | tellings} → [prayers] 祷告 禱告) ma ([? ptcl for “yes/no” questions] 吗 嗎)?

English:

You will get the entire course free, including the study guide Enjoy Life Forever! and a Bible if you need one.

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ Zhěnggè (Zhěng·gè entire · [mw] 整个 整個) kèchéng (kè·chéng lessons · {journey → [procedure]} → [course] 课程 課程) hé ({(together) with} → [and] 和 和/龢) kèběn (kè·běn course · {root or stem → [mw for books, etc.]} → [coursebook] 课本 課本) Yǒngyuǎn (Yǒng·yuǎn Eternally · {Far (in Time)} 永远 永遠) Xiǎngshòu (Xiǎng·shòu Enjoy · Receive 享受) Měihǎo (Měi·hǎo Beautiful · Good 美好) de (’s 的) Shēngmìng (Life 生命) dōu (all → [both] 都) shì (are 是) miǎnfèi (miǎn·fèi exempting · {costing → [fee]} → [free of charge] 免费 免費) de ({’s (things)} 的). Nǐ ((if) you 你) xūyào (require 需要) de (’s 的) huà (word 话 話), wǒmen (wǒ·men we · [pl] 我们 我們) yě (also 也) kěyǐ (kě·yǐ can · [suf] 可以) miǎnfèi (miǎn·fèi exempting · {costing → [fee]} → [free of charge] 免费 免費) tígōng (tí·gōng {carry (hanging down from the hand) → [raise]} · provide 提供) yì (one 一) běn ({root or stem of a} → [mw for books, etc.] 本) Shèngjīng (Shèng·jīng Holy · Scriptures → [Bible] 圣经 聖經) gěi ({to be given to} 给 給) nǐ (you 你).

For convenience:

The direct link for the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)+ resource for the Enjoy Life Forever! brochure is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Enjoy Life Forever! brochure is:

Categories
Culture Current Events Language Learning Names Technology Theocratic

Mòrì Shízhōng

Mòrì+ (Mò·rì End · {Sun → [Day]} → [Doomsday] 末日)
Shízhōng+ (Shí·zhōng {(Particular) Times} · Clock → [Clock] 时钟 時鐘) 👈🏼 Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 ➕ icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and ➕ Reveal + Symbols re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

At the time of this writing, jw.org was featuring the article “Doomsday Clock Moves Closer to Midnight”. Where the English version of this article uses the expression “Doomsday Clock”, the Mandarin version uses this week’s MEotW, “Mòrì (Mò·rì End · {Sun → [Day]} → [Doomsday] 末日) Shízhōng (Shí·zhōng {(Particular) Times} · Clock → [Clock] 时钟 時鐘)”.

(Incidentally, “wǔyè (wǔ·yè {7th of the 12 Earthly Branches → [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} · night → [midnight] 午夜)”, the Mandarin word for “midnight”, was the subject of a past MEotW post.)

The End

The “mò (tip; end [→ [last/final stage]] 末)” in “mòrì (mò·rì end · {sun → [day]} → [doomsday] 末日)” was discussed in the MEotW post on “shìjiè (shì·jiè {generation → [world]} · extent → [world] 世界) mòrì (mò·rì end · {sun → [day]} 末日)”:

The “mò (tip; end [→ [last/final stage]] 末)” in “mòrì (mò·rì end · {sun → [day]} 末日)” also appears in “mòqī (mò·qī end · period 末期)”, and indeed, in “mòshì+ (mò·shì {end of → [last stage/phase of]} · {generation → [world | age; era]} 末世)”. Some who have been in the Mandarin field for a while may also remember the expression “mòhòu (mò·hòu end · last 末后 末後) de (’s 的) rìzi (rì·zi {suns → [days]} · [suf for nouns] 日子)”. However, note that in the current version of the Mandarin New World Translation Bible (nwtsty), this expression has been replaced with “zuìhòu (zuì·hòu most · afterwards → [final] 最后 最後) de (’s 的) shíqī (shí·qī {(particular) time} · period 时期 時期)” in scriptures such as Ezekiel 38:16.

Ezekiel 38:16 (WOL CHS+Pinyin Parallel Translations)

What Is the Doomsday Clock?

The above-mentioned article contains the following footnote explaining what the Doomsday Clock is:

English:

“The Doomsday Clock is a design that warns the public about how close we are to destroying our world with dangerous technologies of our own making. It is a metaphor, a reminder of the perils we must address if we are to survive on the planet.”—Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ “Mòrì (Mò·rì End · {Sun → [Day]} → [Doomsday] 末日) Shízhōng (Shí·zhōng {(Particular) Times} · Clock → [Clock] 时钟 時鐘) shì (is 是) yí (one 一) ge ([mw] 个 個/个) xūgòu+ (xū·gòu {being empty → [falsely]} · {constructed → [made up]} → [imaginary] 虚构 虛構) de (’s 的) zhōngmiàn (zhōng·miàn clock · face 钟面 鐘面), yònglái (yòng·lái used · {to come} 用来 用來) jǐngshì+ (jǐng·shì {to warn} · {to show} 警示) rénmen (rén·men person · [pl] → [people] 人们 人們) yīn ({because of} 因) lànyòng (làn·yòng {overflowingly → [indiscriminately]} · using → [misusing] 滥用 濫用) kējì (kē·jì {branches of study → [science]} · {skills → [technology]} → [technology] 科技), jùlí (jù·lí {being apart from → [distance from]} · {leaving from → [being at a distance from]} → [distance from] 距离 距離) zìwǒ (zì·wǒ self · {me → [self]} 自我) huǐmiè (huǐ·miè destroying · extinguishing → [destruction] 毁灭 毀滅) yǒu ({is having} → [is] 有) duō ({(how) much} 多) jìn ({being close} 近), yě (also 也) tíxǐng (tí·xǐng {to carry (hanging down from the hand) → [to raise]} · {being awake} of → [to remind] 提醒) rénlèi (rén·lèi human·kind 人类 人類) rúguǒ (rú·guǒ if · {fruit → [if indeed]} 如果) yào ({(we) want} 要) bìkāi (bì·kāi {to avoid} · {to be opened from → [to be clear of]} 避开 避開) zhèyàng (zhè·yàng this · kind 这样 這樣) de (’s 的) hàojié+ (hào·jié great · {plundering → [catastrophe]} 浩劫), jiù (then 就) yào (must 要) jiějué (jiě·jué {untie → [solve]} · decide → [solve] 解决 解決) něixiē (něi·xiē which · {indefinite number of} → [which] 哪些) wèntí (wèn·tí asking · problems → [problems] 问题 問題).”—Yuánzǐ Kēxué‐jiā Gōngbào+ ((Yuán·zǐ Original · {Small and Hard Things} → [Atomic] 原子) ((Kē·xué {Branches of Study} · Learning → [Science] 科学 科學)‐(jiā -ists’ 家) → [Scientists’]) (Gōng·bào Public · Bulletin → [Bulletin] 公报 公報) → [Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]) (Yīngyǔ (Yīng·yǔ English · Language 英语 英語)).

“The Closest It Has Ever Been”

It’s noteworthy that the above-mentioned article says that as of January 27, 2026,

English:

“The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Science and Security Board today sets the Doomsday Clock at 85 seconds to midnight, the closest it has ever been to catastrophe.”—Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ “Yuánzǐ Kēxué‐jiā Gōngbào ((Yuán·zǐ Original · {Small and Hard Things} → [Atomic] 原子) ((Kē·xué {Branches of Study} · Learning → [Science] 科学 科學)‐(jiā -ists’ 家) → [Scientists’]) (Gōng·bào Public · Bulletin → [Bulletin] 公报 公報) → [Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]) Kēxué (Kē·xué {Branches of Study} · Learning → [Science] 科学 科學) yǔ (and 与 與/与) Ānquán (Ān·quán {Being Safe} · {Being Whole} → [Security] 安全) Wěiyuán‐Huì+ ((Wěi·yuán Entrusted · Members 委员 委員)‐(Huì Gathering 会 會) → [Board]) jiāng (takes 将 將) Mòrì (Mò·rì End · {Sun → [Day]} → [Doomsday] 末日) Shízhōng (Shí·zhōng {(Particular) Times} · Clock → [Clock] 时钟 時鐘) tiáokuài+ (tiáo·kuài {to be adjusted} · {to be fast(er) → [to be farther ahead]} 调快 調快) le ([(at the end of a phrase/sentence) indicates a change] 了), jùlí (jù·lí {to be apart from} · {to be leaving from → [to be at a distance from]} 距离 距離) wǔyè (wǔ·yè {7th of the 12 Earthly Branches → [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} · night → [midnight] 午夜) zhǐ (just 只 只/秖/衹/祇) shèng ({having remaining} 剩 剩/賸) 85 miǎo (seconds 秒), shì ((which) is 是) rénlèi (rén·lèi human·kind’s 人类 人類) shǐ (history 史) shang (upon 上) zuì (most 最 最/㝡) jiējìn (jiē·jìn {has come close to} · {has been near} 接近) shìjiè (shì·jiè {generation → [world]} · extent’s → [world’s] 世界) mòrì (mò·rì end · {sun → [day]} → [doomsday] 末日) de (’s 的) shíkè+ (shí·kè {(particular) time} · {carving → [moment]} 时刻 時刻).”—Yuánzǐ Kēxué‐jiā Gōngbào ((Yuán·zǐ Original · {Small and Hard Things} → [Atomic] 原子) ((Kē·xué {Branches of Study} · Learning → [Science] 科学 科學)‐(jiā -ists’ 家) → [Scientists’]) (Gōng·bào Public · Bulletin → [Bulletin] 公报 公報) → [Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]) (Yīngyǔ (Yīng·yǔ English · Language 英语 英語)).

What’s Ahead?

Naturally, many will have questions like those below, that are asked in the above-mentioned article:

English:

Is the end of humanity and the end of our planet approaching? Do we need to fear what the future holds? What does the Bible say?

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ Rénlèi (Rén·lèi human·kind 人类 人類) hé ({(together) with} → [and] 和 和/龢) dìqiú (dì·qiú earth · globe → [the earth] 地球) zhēnde (zhēn·de really · ’s 真的) bīnlín+ (bīn·lín {are close to (the sea/river/lake/etc.) → [are on the brink of]} · {are approaching} 濒临 瀕臨) huǐmiè (huǐ·miè destroying · extinguishing → [destruction] 毁灭 毀滅) ma ([? ptcl for “yes/no” questions] 吗 嗎)? Wǒmen (Wǒ·men we · [pl] 我们 我們) xūyào ({do need} 需要) dānxīn (dān·xīn {to carry on shoulder poles → [to take on (heavy)]} · hearts (about) → [to feel anxious about] 担/耽心 擔/耽心) wèilái (wèi·lái (what) {has not yet} · come → [the future] 未来 未來) ma ([? ptcl for “yes/no” questions] 吗 嗎)? Shèngjīng (Shèng·jīng (the) Holy · Scriptures → [the Bible] 圣经 聖經) de (’s 的) guāndiǎn+ (guān·diǎn {looking at → [view]} · point → [viewpoint] 观点 觀點) shì (is 是) shénme (shén·me what · [suf] 什么 什/甚麼)?

It is our privilege to share the answers to those questions with honest-hearted ones in the Mandarin field, if we have learned well enough how to understand Mandarin speech and speak the required Mandarin understandably.—1 Corinthians 14:8–11.

Categories
Culture Experiences History Science Theocratic

xuè

xuè+ (blood 血) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”

[Notes: Tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”; tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to hide the “flashcard”. 📖 📄 ➕ icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and ➕ Reveal + Symbols re all the “flashcards” in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]

A few years back, I wrote up a brief web page listing reasons for producing Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音), etc. material for the Imitate (ia) book. Some, especially some who grew up in the West, may have felt that this book is made up of “just stories”, and ones that they were already quite familiar with, at that. However, we must remember that Chinese Bible students may often have a different perspective regarding the Bible accounts that are made to come to life in the Imitate book. As that web page said:

  • Many Chinese people in the world have not been exposed to Bible accounts the way many Westerners have.
  • Also, I have heard that some, perhaps many, Chinese Bible students tend to approach their Bible studies like intellectual exercises for accumulating chōuxiàng (abstract) head knowledge as if for a school exam, rather than as training for their hearts for their own real lives.

Later, the web page touches on how some of the real-world benefits of good storytelling like that found in the Imitate book involve empathy:

  • …
    • The actress Natalie Portman once said, “I love acting. I think it’s the most amazing thing to be able to do. Your job is practicing empathy. You walk down the street imagining every person’s life.”
  • The Imitate book helps build Bible students’ empathy towards Bible characters, which in turn helps Bible students realize that others would feel empathy towards them as well if they imitated these Bible characters—not everyone will just think they’re crazy, like many worldly friends or family members might think.

While even fictional stories can have the benefits described in the links and the quote above, true stories from the Bible can have even greater benefits, including spiritual ones.

Besides the Imitate book, another book from Jehovah’s organization that relates Bible accounts is the Learn From the Bible (lfb) book. The letter from the Governing Body in this book says that, similarly to the Imitate book, the Learn From the Bible book also “brings the Bible accounts to life and captures the feelings of those depicted”, while, unlike the Imitate book, it “tells the story of the human family from creation onward”. While the Learn From the Bible book is especially suitable for children, the letter from the Governing Body in this book says that “it can also be used to help adults who desire to learn more about the Bible”. So, it would be good to consider on this blog some of the expressions used in the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book.

The First Plague

This week’s MEotW, “xuè (blood 血)”, appears in Lesson 19 of the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book, which is entitled “Tóu (Head → [First] 头 頭) Sān (Three 三) Chǎng ([mw for recreational, sports, or other activities] 场 場/塲) Zāiyāng+ (Calamities → [Plagues] 灾殃 災殃)” (“The First Three Plagues”):

English:

Aaron hit the Nile with his stick, and the river turned into blood.

Mandarin:

📖 📄 ➕ Yàlún (Aaron 亚伦 亞倫) yòng (used 用) zhàng+ (stick 杖) jīdǎ ({to hit} 击打 擊打) Níluó (Nile 尼罗 尼羅) Hé (River 河) de (’s 的) shuǐ (water 水), shuǐ (water 水) mǎshàng (mǎ·shàng horse · upon → [immediately] 马上 馬上) jiù (then 就) biànchéngle (biàn·chéng·le changed · {to turn into} · {to completion} 变成了 變成了) xuè (blood 血),

The Ten Plagues that Jehovah brought upon Egypt thus start off with a significant blow to the great Nile River that was vitally important to ancient Egypt. Also, Jehovah thus brought disgrace to Hapi, the god to whom the ancient Egyptians attributed the annual flooding of the Nile River, which provided fertile soil in a desert region.

Related Expressions

Here are some general expressions related to “xuè (blood 血)” that would be good for us Mandarin field language learners to know:

  • xuèròu+ (xuè·ròu blood · flesh 血肉 血肉)
  • xuèròu+ (xuè·ròu blood · flesh 血肉 血肉)‐zhī+ (’s 之)‐qū+ ({human body} 躯 軀)
  • shūxuè+ (shū·xuè {transporting of → [transfusing of]} · blood 输血 輸血)
  • xuèzhài+ (xuè·zhài blood · debt 血债 血債)

Here are some expressions related to blood fractions, as used in Lesson 39 of the Mandarin Enjoy Life Forever! book (Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus):

  • xuèjiāng+ (xuè·jiāng blood · {thick liquid → [plasma]} 血浆 血漿)
  • bái+ (white 白) xìbāo+ (xì·bāo tiny · wombs → [cells] 细胞 細胞)
  • xuè+ (blood 血) xiǎobǎn+ (xiǎo·bǎn small · plates → [platelets] 小板 小板/闆)
  • hóng+ (red 红 紅) xìbāo+ (xì·bāo tiny · wombs → [cells] 细胞 細胞)
  • xuèyè+ (xuè·yè blood · fluid 血液) tíqǔ wù+ ((tí·qǔ {carried (hanging down from the hand) → [extracted]} · taken → [extracted] 提取) (wù matter → [substances] 物) → [fractions])

    • Note that before, e.g., as used in one of the appendices of the Mandarin “God’s Love” book, the expression for “blood fractions” was “xuèyè (xuè·yè blood · fluid 血液) de (’s 的) wēiliàng chéngfèn+ ((wēi·liàng tiny · amount 微量) (chéng·fèn completion · components 成分/份) → [fractions])”.

Alternate Pronunciations

An interesting thing to keep in mind about “xuè (blood 血)” is that this “official” pronunciation is often not the one that is used by native Mandarin speakers. Rather, this expression is often pronounced colloquially in one of the following ways:

  • xiě (blood (colloquial pronunciation) 血)
  • xuě (blood (colloquial pronunciation) 血)

For convenience:

The direct link for the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resource for the Learn From the Bible book is:

The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the Learn From the Bible book is:

More Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) and Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web material based on the Mandarin Learn From the Bible book will be made available in the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus web resource as time allows.