xǐshǒu (xǐ·shǒu wash · hands [→ [go to the washroom/lavatory/toilet/restroom]] 洗手) ← Tap/click to show/hide the “flashcard”
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As of this writing, nearing the middle of the year 2022, the subject of the COVID-19 pandemic has been, to say the least, on people’s minds now for a while. So, it would be good to be able to refer to things related to it in Mandarin when speaking to people in the Mandarin field, or when speaking to our brothers and sisters in the truth.
An electron microscope image of SARS-CoV-2—also known as 2019-nCoV, the virus that causes COVID-19
NIAID
This week’s MEotW, “xǐshǒu (xǐ·shǒu wash · hands [→ [go to the washroom/lavatory/toilet/restroom]] 洗手)”, literally means “wash hands”, something that has taken on even more importance than before after the COVID-19-causing coronavirus got added to the list of disease-causing things that washing our hands can help protect us from.
“Xǐshǒu (Xǐ·shǒu wash · hands [→ [go to the washroom/lavatory/toilet/restroom]] 洗手)” can also effectively mean “go to the washroom/lavatory/toilet/restroom”. Indeed, “xǐshǒu jiān ((xǐ·shǒu washing · hands 洗手) (jiān {space in between} → [room] 间 間) → [washroom; lavatory; toilet; restroom])” is a commonly used Mandarin expression which literally means “washing hands space in between”, and which effectively means “washroom; lavatory; toilet; restroom”.
Verb-Object Construction
“Xǐshǒu (Xǐ·shǒu wash · hands [→ [go to the washroom/lavatory/toilet/restroom]] 洗手)”, with the verb “xǐ (wash; bathe; rinse 洗)” (“wash”) and its object “shǒu (hand | personally | [→ [mw for skill]] 手)” (“hands”), is an example of a Mandarin expression with verb-object construction.
The ABC Chinese-English Dictionary, edited by John DeFrancis and Victor H. Mair, among others, tells us the following about the entries in it that are marked as having verb-object construction:
V.O. (Verb-Object Construction, Dòng-Bīn Jiégòu 动宾结构).
Many English verbs get translated into natural Chinese as a verb plus an object noun, e.g. chīfàn for ‘eat’, shuōhuà for ‘speak’, etc. It is important for two reasons to know what is merely a verb in Chinese and what is actually a verb-object construction.
First, verb-object constructions can never take a second object, i.e. chīfàn can never be followed directly by something else to be eaten.
Second, a verb and its object can be separated from one another, thus allowing
(i) aspect particles to be placed directly after the verb, e.g. chīle fàn ‘after finishing eating’;
(ii) modification of the object, e.g. chī Zhōngguófàn ‘eat Chinese food’; and (iii) quantification of the noun, e.g. chīle sān wǎn fàn ‘ate three bowls of rice’.
One Word? Not Two Words?
While “wash hands” is two words in the English writing system, the Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) writing system typically renders “xǐshǒu (xǐ·shǒu wash · hands [→ [go to the washroom/lavatory/toilet/restroom]] 洗手)” as one word. The MEotW post on “Jìniàn Jùhuì ((Jì·niàn Remembering · {Thinking Of} → [Commemorating] 记/纪念 記/紀念) (Jùhuì Meeting 聚会 聚會) → [[the] Memorial])” (including a recently added comment there) went into some reasons why it can be good for the relatively “young” Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) writing system to at times emulate the relatively “experienced” English writing system, but in cases like the relatively digestible two-syllable “xǐshǒu (xǐ·shǒu wash · hands [→ [go to the washroom/lavatory/toilet/restroom]] 洗手)”, there is little practical reason relating to readability to impose English word separation conventions.
On the other hand, while “xǐshǒu jiān ((xǐ·shǒu washing · hands 洗手) (jiān {space in between} → [room] 间 間) → [washroom; lavatory; toilet; restroom])” is generally rendered in the world as one three-syllable word, this blog and other Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) Plus resources will generally render such expressions as two separate words, to make them easier to read. This is similar to how in English, “changeroom” is a single two-syllable word, but “changing room” is separated into two words, rather than being rendered as the single three-syllable word “changingroom”.
“Melting” Away the Pounds Viruses
While researching the subject of washing hands in this age of COVID-19, I found the following interesting information:
…soap — all sorts of it: liquid, solid, honeysuckle-scented, the versions inexplicably only marketed to men or women — is…even more routinely effective than hand sanitizer. …
That’s because when you wash your hands with soap and water, you’re not just wiping viruses off your hands and sending them down the drain. You’re actually annihilating the viruses, rendering them harmless. Soap “is almost like a demolition team breaking down a building and taking all the bricks away,” says Palli Thordarson, a chemistry professor at the University of New South Wales…
…coronaviruses are…bits of genetic information — encoded by RNA — surrounded by a coat of fat and protein. Thordarson likes to call viruses “nano-sized grease balls.” And grease balls, no matter the size, are the exact type of thing soap loves to annihilate.
…
The soap takes care of the virus much like it takes care of the oil in the water. “It’s almost like a crowbar; it starts to pull all the things apart,” Thordarson says.
One side of the soap molecule (the one that’s attracted to fat and repelled by water) buries its way into the virus’s fat and protein shell. Fortunately, the chemical bonds holding the virus together aren’t very strong, so this intrusion is enough to break the virus’s coat. “You pull the virus apart, you make it soluble in water, and it disintegrates,” he says.
Then the harmless shards of virus get flushed down the drain. And even if it the soap doesn’t destroy every virus, you’ll still rid them from your hands with soap and water, as well as any grease or dirt they may be clinging to.
So, while technically soap and water disintegrates and dissolves coronaviruses, if a coronavirus subjected to soap and water could talk, it might say, “I’m melting!”