# Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)+ Expressions

Index Links 🔽

#### Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)+:

- This material is speech-first and mobile-first in design.
- The default Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) text simply and directly represents Mandarin speech, which should be our main focus.—1 Co. 14:8–11.
- Tapping/clicking on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression reveals a “flashcard” next to it showing its English meaning, Simplified character(s), Traditional character(s) (if they’re different), etc. Tapping/clicking on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression hides the “flashcard”.
  - Try tapping/clicking on this: Pīnyīn+ (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)
- More than one “flashcard” can be shown at a time.
- By default, no “flashcards” are displayed, and a + symbol indicates an advanced expression with an available “flashcard”. This default setting is shown at the top of each page as “ ➕ Reveal + Symbols ”.
- The “ 📘 Reveal None ” option causes “flashcards” and + symbols to not be displayed.
- 📖 📄 ➕ icons mean 📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and ➕ Reveal + Symbols re all the “flashcards” and + symbols in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.

Short Links:
Links > Vocabulary Lists >
Pīnyīn Plus / Pīnyīn+ Resources (tiandi.info/pyp)

Updated 2026-07-30
(Manually reload (/Ctrl+R/⌘R/…) when online to be sure of getting the current version.)

Notes:

Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) (Pinyin) used as the default writing system,
proofread, mobile-friendly,
can be used offline in supporting browsers,
icon can be added to the home screen with supporting browsers,
“flashcards” integrated with the text
(tap/click on a Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression to reveal its “flashcard”,
tap/click on a “flashcard” or its Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) expression
to hide the “flashcard”),
carefully done human-translated
English translations with literal & effective meanings,
Simplified & Traditional characters,
📖 Reveal All, 📄 Reveal Advanced, and ➕ Reveal + Symbols controls
for all the “flashcards” and + symbols in a paragraph, etc.,
sorted mainly by Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音),
links for index headings,
Dark mode selectable with the dropdown control at the top right,
adjustable text size

### Notes on Offline Usage (tap/click to show)(tap/click to hide)

#### Zip File

This web resource is divided into different files and folders. These files and folders have been “zipped” into the zip file linked to below, which can be saved or downloaded and unzipped for offline use:

> Pinyin_Plus_Expressions_2026-07-30.zip

On an iPad or an iPhone/iPod touch, apps like GoodReader and Documents can be used to view the unzipped files. (Documents is free to download; GoodReader will set you back about the price of a coffee shop drink before you can download it. However, unlike Documents, GoodReader uses the preferred font when displaying Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)+ material.)

To download and unzip the zip file on an iPad or an iPhone/iPod touch using GoodReader:

- In Safari (or whatever other web browser you’re using to view this page), tap and hold on the zip file link above, and select Copy Link (or something similar, depending on your browser) from the menu that appears. This copies the link’s URL (web address).
- Open the GoodReader app.
  - If you have a document open in Reading mode, tap anywhere on the screen to make the controls visible, then tap on the X button at the top left corner to exit Reading mode.
  - Tap on Connect (bottom toolbar).
  - Tap on Enter URL. In the dialogue box that appears, tap on Allow Paste. The URL (web address) you just copied from your web browser should then be automatically entered into the next dialogue box that appears. (If not, paste it there now.) Tap the Download button.
  - The file should get downloaded and listed on the Downloads tab. Tap on its icon or filename there to be taken to the My Documents > Downloads folder, where the file got downloaded to. You should probably move the zip file to another folder of your choosing. To do so,
    - tap on Manage Files (bottom toolbar),
    - tap the file to select it,
    - tap the Move button (bottom toolbar),
    - then navigate to your target folder and
    - tap the Move 1 item here button or the Move here and open folder button.
    - If necessary, tap the Done button (bottom toolbar) to return to the normal mode.
  - In the folder that you moved the zip file to, tap on the zip file, then tap the Unzip button in the dialogue box that appears. The files and folders inside the zip file will be extracted and placed into a folder with the same name as the zip file.
  - Tap on the folder with the extracted files and folders to enter it, then tap the Pinyin_Plus_Expressions.html file to open it in GoodReader.

To download and unzip the zip file on an iPad or an iPhone/iPod touch using Documents:

- In Safari, tap on the zip file link above, then tap on Download in the dialogue box that appears.
- Open the Files app, and navigate to the Downloads folder (iCloud Drive > Downloads). The zip file should be there after it finishes downloading.
- Tap and hold on the zip file. On the menu that appears, tap on Share.
- On the share sheet that appears, tap on Save to Documents.
- In the dialogue box that appears, tap on Show in Folder. You should probably move the zip file out of the Inbox and into another folder of your choosing. To do so,
  - tap on the … button on the far right of the file’s row,
  - tap on Move to on the menu that appears,
  - then select your desired destination folder in the dialogue box that appears and tap on the Move button at the top right.
- Navigate to the folder that you moved the zip file to, then tap on the zip file. The files and folders inside the zip file will be extracted and placed into a folder with the same name as the zip file.
- In the folder with the extracted files and folders, tap the Pinyin_Plus_Expressions (HTML) file to open it in Documents.

On Android devices, file managing and viewing apps similar to GoodReader and Documents are available, and should work similarly.

To download and unzip the zip file on a PC or a Mac:

- Right-click on the zip file link above and select Save Link As..., or Save Target As..., or Download Linked File As..., or something similar depending on your browser.
- In the resulting dialogue box, select a folder to save the file to, and click the Save button or something similar to proceed with the download.
- Modern PCs and Macs generally come with software for unzipping zip files. So, to unzip the downloaded zip file, you generally just need to double-click on it.
  - Note: On some Windows computers, double-clicking on a zip file lets you view its contents while leaving them inside the zip file. In such cases, a separate step would be required to actually extract the contents of the zip file.
- From among the files and folders extracted from the zip file, double-click the Pinyin_Plus_Expressions.html file to open it in your default web browser.

#### Progressive Web App Offline Support

The following method may also work, depending on the software environment of your computing device:

1. While online (connected to the Internet), use a web browser that supports service workers to go to this web page on the web. (Yes, this web page here, that you are now reading.)
   - Your supporting web browser will then automatically set up offline capability for this web resource. Part of that setup involves automatically saving this web resource’s files to a cache on your viewing device. (Info on different browsers’ storage limits can be found here. Updated info on Safari’s storage limits can be found here.) After that, your supporting web browser will be able to load this web resource from its cache, even when your viewing device is offline.
   - If, when loading this web resource’s main index page, your browser presents a dialogue box asking whether to allow data to be stored in persistent storage, tap/click on the button to allow this. (This will make it more likely that the browser presenting the dialogue box will be able to load this web resource when you want to use it offline in the future.)
2. At a later time, if you just go to this web resource as usual in the above-mentioned supporting web browser (perhaps using a bookmark, or an icon added/installed to the Home Screen (Apple Support: iPhone, iPad) (Google Chrome Help: Android, Install a PWA)), this web resource should load and work as usual, whether or not your viewing device is connected to the Internet.
   - Note: A URL (web address) that starts with `https` must be used to load part of this web resource offline. Edit any related bookmark as necessary.
   - Note: Since storage space is still often constrained on mobile devices, and also to support its Intelligent Tracking Prevention (ITP) technology, the Safari browser on iOS/iPadOS (used on the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch) will remove this web resource’s cached files if they remain unused for some time, perhaps after about 30 days of Safari use. Websites that have been added to the Home Screen through Safari on iOS/iPadOS (as mentioned above) and used as Home Screen Web Apps are more likely to be allowed to put their data storage in persistent mode, which would result in the data of those websites being more likely to be exempt from being removed.
     - So, to be confident of being able to use Safari on an Apple mobile device to access this web resource offline at a particular time, make sure beforehand to load or reload this web resource in that browser, and then, if you have not already done so, add this site to the Home Screen. (Apple Support instructions: iPhone, iPad)
     - To afterwards test your ability to use this web resource offline:
       - While online, tap the Home Screen icon for this site to load it.
       - Reload this site ( button or ⌘R on a connected hardware keyboard) to make sure the current version gets loaded.
       - Close the resulting tab/window.
       - Put your device into Airplane Mode to take it offline.
         - If you wish, try going to a website that you know cannot be accessed while offline, to confirm that your device is indeed offline. (E.g., at this time, 3lines.org is such a website.)
       - Tap again on the Home Screen icon for this site to see if it will load now that your device is offline.
3. There is no Step 3!

Of course, while your device is offline, your supporting web browser will not receive any new or updated material for this web resource if that new or updated material gets uploaded to the web server after your supporting web browser last saved this web resource’s files to its cache. However, when your device is back online, loading part of this web resource in your supporting web browser will automatically cause your supporting web browser and its cache to be updated with any new or updated material on the web server for this web resource. (You may need to reload twice, or to first switch to a new tab or restart your web browser.)

### Notes on Translation (tap/click to show)(tap/click to hide)

The English translations follow these principles:

- As far as is practical, the meaning of each individual Mandarin morpheme (smallest unit of language sound with meaning) is translated literally according to how it is used in the context in which it appears. (In Mandarin, morphemes usually correspond with syllables, but some syllables are sound-only (without meaning) and thus not morphemes, and some morphemes have more than one syllable.)
- Interpuncts (·) are used to separate sections of meaning.
  - E.g., in “láizì (lái·zì comes · from 来自 來自)”,
    - “lái” corresponds with “comes”, and
    - “zì” corresponds with “from”.
- If a set of English words corresponding to one or more Mandarin morphemes is surrounded by curly brackets (also called braces), i.e. { }, then that set of English words conveys the literal meaning of the Mandarin morpheme(s) it corresponds to. Curly brackets may also be used to indicate that whatever’s inside them should be treated together as a set.
- When a single English word (or a set of English words surrounded by curly brackets) corresponds to two or more Mandarin morphemes, that means that it conveys the literal meaning of each of those Mandarin morphemes.
  - E.g., in “bāngzhù (help 帮助 幫助)”, “help” is the literal meaning of “bāng”, and it is also the literal meaning of “zhù”.
- When literal translations may not be understandable enough on their own, effective meanings are shown, surrounded by square brackets, i.e. [ ]. (In this list of expressions that are not used in context, square brackets are also used to surround words that may appear in some contexts, but not in other contexts.)
  - E.g., with “yídìng (yí·dìng {(with) one} · {setting fixedly} → [definitely] 一定)”, it can be seen that the literal translations “{(with) one} · {setting fixedly}” lead to an effective meaning of “definitely”.
- An English word or a set of English words that is not part of the explicit meaning of its corresponding Mandarin morpheme(s), but rather is implied, is surrounded by parentheses, i.e. ( ). In the above example, the explicit meaning of “yí” is “one”, but in the context of “yídìng”, there is an implied “with” before “one”.
- When each Mandarin syllable in a set of Mandarin syllables was selected for its sound and not its meaning, such as when that set of Mandarin syllables represents a non-Mandarin name, the English word or set of English words that corresponds to that set of Mandarin syllables is not surrounded by square brackets. (In such cases, the sound of each of those Mandarin syllables practically is its literal meaning.)
  - E.g., each Mandarin syllable in “Yēhéhuá (Jehovah 耶和华 耶和華)” was selected for its sound, not its meaning. So, “Jehovah” is not surrounded by square brackets, but rather is presented directly as the literal meaning of “Yēhéhuá”.

It’s true that translating Mandarin morphemes literally can result in English translations that don’t follow familiar, traditional English usage patterns. However, the purpose of language-assistive material like this is not necessarily to move the hearts of English-speaking publishers through the use of their mother tongue—the ideal tools for that are the official English publications. Rather, the purpose of language-assistive material like this should be to help publishers to become familiar with Mandarin usage patterns, which of course can be different from English usage patterns. Becoming familiar with Mandarin usage patterns will help publishers to learn to understand and speak Mandarin better, so that they can ultimately better move the hearts of Mandarin-speaking householders through the use of their mother tongue. Those of you who are learning Mandarin to help in the Mandarin field are deeply appreciated, but ultimately, it’s not about you! 😄

Happily for language learners, compared to the design of traditional 3-line, etc. material, the design of Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)+ material, with its hideable “flashcards”, allows for much more room for additionally including effective meanings, surrounded by square brackets, i.e. [ ]. Thus, literal meanings that illuminate actual Mandarin usage patterns can much more often be accompanied by effective meanings that can be as long as necessary to clarify what the corresponding more-familiar English expressions are. Even long publication names can be handled this way, e.g.,

- Shèngjīng Xīn Shìjiè Yìběn+ ((Shèng·jīng (The) Holy · Scriptures 圣经 聖經) (Xīn New 新) (Shì·jiè World · Extent → [World] 世界) (Yì·běn Translated · {Root → [Edition]} 译本 譯本) → [New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures])

Showing both literal and effective meanings here does make for a long, complex “flashcard”, compared to the necessarily briefer text used in traditional 3-line, etc. material that is more space-constrained. However, with Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)+ material, all that information can be there when you need it, and when you don’t need it anymore, you can easily put it out of sight and out of mind by just tapping or clicking on it.

Yes, with Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音)+ material, language learners can “have their cake and eat it too” with regard to both literal and effective meanings, without having to always wade through all the lines of 4-line material! 😱 And, as the literal and effective meanings work together to help diligent language learners get a better and better grip on actual Mandarin usage patterns, these language learners will as a result get better and better at actually understanding and speaking Mandarin, which will make everything they do in the Mandarin field easier and better—a little pain up front for a lot of potential gain, both for themselves and for the Mandarin-speaking interested ones they can help, for the entire time they serve in the Mandarin field.

## Index Links

(The data is currently divided into three pages to improve loading times and editing speed. Your browser’s Find feature can be used to search a data page by Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音). To search by English or characters, first select 📖 Reveal All from the drop-down list at the top of the data page you’re on.)

### Ā B Bāng Bē Bī Biāo Bū Bù·n C Ch Chē Chī Chū Chuān Cī D Dāi Dān Dāo Dē De Dī Dì‐1 Diān Dō Duī Ē F Fān Fāng Fē Fū G Gāo Gē Gēn Gō Gū Guī H Hē Hō Hū Huāi Huī Hūn J Jǐ Jiā Jiān Jiāng Jiāo Jiē Jīn Jīng Jiū Jū Juān K Kē Kō L Lī Liā Līn Liū M Mē Mī Mō N Nī Ō P Pīn Q Qiā Qīn Qīng Qū Quān Quē R Rēn Rī S Sh Shāng Shē Shēn Shēng Shī Shì Shō Shū Sī Sū T Tī Tiān Tō Tū W Wē Wèi Wēn Wō Wū X Xiā Xiān Xiāng Xiāo Xiē Xīn Xìn Xīng Xū Xuē Y Yāng Yāo Yē Yī Yǐ Yì Yīn Yīng Yō Yǒu Yū Yuān Yuē Z Zē Zh Zhē Zhēng Zhī Zhǐ Zhì Zhō Zhǒng Zhū Zī Zō Zū Zūn Publications Misc.

### Abbreviations Used in the Translations

abbr. → abbreviation adj → adjective adv → adverb Ch. → Chinese coll → colloquial loan → loanword math → mathematics mw → measure word n → noun ptcl → particle pl → plural PRC → People’s Republic of China pref → prefix pron. → pronunciation sb. → somebody sth. → something suf → suffix Tw → Taiwan US → United States spelling v → verb

Pīnyīn (Pīn·yīn {Piecing Together of} · Sounds → [Pinyin] 拼音) material with a golden-hued background has been proofread, but its “flashcard[s]” may not have been added and proofread.