{"id":944,"date":"2021-01-18T07:00:11","date_gmt":"2021-01-18T15:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=944"},"modified":"2023-11-29T20:03:28","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T04:03:28","slug":"chengyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2021\/01\/18\/chengyu\/","title":{"rendered":"ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> [set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

Years ago, \u201cch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> [set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d was an Expression of the Week<\/a> on the tiandi.info<\/strong><\/a> blog. That post from the early days of tiandi.info<\/strong><\/a> started by discussing the English word \u201cidiom\u201d, and then presented the Mandarin word \u201cch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> [set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d as \u201cthe Chinese word for \u2018idiom\u2019\u2009\u201d.<\/p>\n

However, after further research, it appears, as is often the case with English and Mandarin words, that the English word \u201cidiom\u201d and the Mandarin word \u201cch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> [set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, which are often considered to be equivalent, are only mostly<\/em><\/a> equivalent.<\/p>\n

The online dictionary Wiktionary<\/a> gives us this definition<\/a> of \u201cch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> [set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d:<\/p>\n

\na certain kind of Chinese set phrase originating in Classical Chinese, typically four or five characters in length<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Also, Wikipedia<\/a> provides the following summarized information:<\/p>\n

\nCh\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i> are considered the collected wisdom of the Chinese culture, and contain the experiences, moral concepts, and admonishments from previous generations of Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u2026<\/p>\n

They are often referred to as Chinese idioms<\/strong> or four-character idioms<\/strong>; however, they are not the only idioms in Chinese.<\/p>\n

\u2026<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i> are mostly derived from ancient literature, including the pre-Qin classics, poetry from all periods of Chinese history, and late imperial vernacular novels and short stories. A small number were constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries from Western source materials.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A quick check of Pleco does indeed turn up several other Mandarin words besides \u201cch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> [set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d that also correspond to the English word \u201cidiom\u201d.<\/p>\n

So, it appears that while ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> can be called idioms in English, not all Chinese idioms are ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>. It seems that \u201cch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d specifically refers to Chinese idioms that originated in Classical Chinese<\/a>, or Literary Chinese<\/a>. This writing style has largely been replaced by written vernacular Chinese<\/a>, which has been the standard style of writing for Modern Standard Mandarin<\/a> for about a century now.<\/p>\n

Since they originated in Classical Chinese, which hasn\u2019t been current for about a century, ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> often cannot be fully understood by modern speakers and readers of Mandarin, since knowledge about the source material for ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> has naturally been fading with the passing of time.<\/p>\n

Wikipedia<\/a> offers up this example:<\/p>\n

\nCh\u00e9ngy\u01d4 are generally meant to convey the message or moral of the myth, story or historical event from which they were derived. Thus, even after translation into modern words and syntax, ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4 in isolation are often unintelligible without additional explanation. \u2026<\/p>\n

The phrase “\u7834\u91dc\u6c89\u821f” (p\u00f2 f\u01d4 ch\u00e9n zh\u014du<\/i>, lit: “break the pots and sink the ships”) is based on a historical account where the general Xiang Yu ordered his troops to destroy all cooking utensils and boats after crossing a river into the enemy’s territory. He won the battle because of this “no-retreat” strategy. Thus, the idiom is used as a verb phrase with the meaning “to make an all-out effort to achieve success by the deliberate removal of recourse or backup.” Similar phrases are known in the West, such as “Point of no return” or “Crossing the Rubicon”.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cDarmok\u201d<\/h3>\n

Researching this post on ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> made me think of the episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation<\/i> entitled \u201cDarmok<\/a>\u201d. In this episode, the crew of the Federation starship Enterprise<\/i> encounters an alien species called the Tamarians. This species speaks using phrases like \u201cTemba, his arms wide\u201d, which even the show\u2019s fictional universal translator<\/a> cannot fully decipher for the befuddled Federation crew.<\/p>\n

While some consider this to be one of the greatest episodes of Star Trek<\/i>, as someone who has been trained to communicate a life-saving message as clearly and understandably as possible, I have always found the alien way of speaking in this episode to be incredibly stupid, counter-productive, and even dangerous. How obviously foolish it is when speaking to require your audience to have cultural or other knowledge that they probably don\u2019t have, resulting in failure to communicate!<\/p>\n

In \u201cDarmok\u201d (spoilers), the Enterprise<\/i> and the alien ship ended up actually shooting at each other, and the alien captain ended up dying because he and the Enterprise<\/i>\u2019s Captain Picard had such difficulties coming to understand each other. In such a scenario, there is great risk and danger, and no guarantee that mutual understanding will eventually be achieved, even between ones as intelligent and well-motivated as the crew of the Enterprise<\/i> and the crew of this alien ship were. How much better it is to speak simply and understandably from the beginning!\u20141 Co. 14:8\u201311<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In Today\u2019s Mandarin Field<\/h3>\n

One highly educated Mandarin-speaking brother I know was admonished by his daughter to tone down his extensive use of ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> in his talks, because while they may be very cool to those who have the background knowledge to get them, many listeners actually cannot understand them. Although generally a genial and pleasant fellow, this scholarly brother\u2019s irritated reply was to the effect of, \u201cThis is a Chinese congregation, people should learn the language!\u201d<\/p>\n

Understandably, when one knows a lot about something, the tendency and the temptation is to use that knowledge, even when it may not be appropriate for our purpose or our audience. So, it would be good for those of us serving in the Mandarin field to remember that we should be using our language skills to speak understandably about \u201cthe magnificent things of God<\/em>\u201d, not to showcase the cultural traditions and knowledge of mere humans<\/em>.\u2014Acts 2:8\u201311<\/a>.<\/p>\n

As noted above, even among the humans in the Chinese world, knowledge of ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> seems to be fading away. As time goes by, and as the experience of modern life inevitably continues to change, knowledge of ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> seems to be gradually becoming something that only belongs to the relative few who have a particular interest in these pithy distillations of traditional experience. This is perhaps similar to how in the English-speaking world, it\u2019s probably true that by now only relatively few particularly interested ones can fully understand references (e.g., \u201cEt tu, Brute?<\/i><\/a>\u201d) based on the plots of Shakespeare\u2019s plays. Now, rather than coming up with new ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>, when Chinese people in general get creative with the language, it\u2019s typically while they are chatting on the Internet.<\/p>\n

One useful barometer to check regarding how much we should learn and use ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> in today\u2019s Mandarin field is to consider how much they are used in today\u2019s official publications of Jehovah\u2019s organization. Comparing Mandarin publications from years ago to those of today, it can be seen that the trend is to use ever simpler and clearer language, as is the trend with English publications. Thus, ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> are being used less and less in Mandarin publications as time goes by. Following this example, we thus should also be using fewer and fewer ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> [set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> in the Mandarin field as time goes by.<\/p>\n

If and when we do use a ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> [set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\u6210\u8bed\n\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>, we should make sure that we explain it well enough so that even those who had never heard of it or its backstory can understand and benefit from it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Years ago, \u201c\u201d was an Expression of the Week on the tiandi.info blog. That post from the early days of tiandi.info started by discussing the English word \u201cidiom\u201d, and then presented the Mandarin word \u201c\u201d as \u201cthe Chinese word for \u2018idiom\u2019\u2009\u201d. However, after further research, it appears, as is often the case with English and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,98],"tags":[40,37,141,372,373,102,370],"class_list":["post-944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-history","tag-chengyu","tag-chinese-culture","tag-idioms","tag-literary-chinese","tag-shakespeare","tag-star-trek","tag-written-vernacular-chinese"],"yoast_head":"\nch\u00e9ngy\u01d4 - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2021\/01\/18\/chengyu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4 - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Years ago, \u201c\u201d was an Expression of the Week on the tiandi.info blog. That post from the early days of tiandi.info started by discussing the English word \u201cidiom\u201d, and then presented the Mandarin word \u201c\u201d as \u201cthe Chinese word for \u2018idiom\u2019\u2009\u201d. 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That post from the early days of tiandi.info started by discussing the English word \u201cidiom\u201d, and then presented the Mandarin word \u201c\u201d as \u201cthe Chinese word for \u2018idiom\u2019\u2009\u201d. 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