{"id":901,"date":"2020-12-28T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-28T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=901"},"modified":"2024-10-27T08:12:31","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T15:12:31","slug":"zimu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2020\/12\/28\/zimu\/","title":{"rendered":"z\u00ecm\u01d4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">z\u00ecm\u01d4<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(z\u00ec\u00b7m\u01d4\n<span class=\"lit\">character; word \u00b7 mothers \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[letters (of an alphabet) [\u2192 [alphabet]]]<\/span>\n\u5b57\u6bcd)<\/span> <span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%);\"> \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>As previous MEotW posts (like <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2020\/11\/23\/hanzi\/\" title=\"H\u00e0nz\u00ec \u2013 Mandarin Expression of the Week\">this one<\/a>) have shown, \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>z\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">character; word; letter<\/span>\n\u5b57)<\/span>\u201d in Mandarin can mean \u201ccharacter\u201d, such that \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>H\u00e0nz\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(H\u00e0n\u00b7z\u00ec\n<span class=\"mt\">{Han (Chinese)} \u00b7 Characters<\/span>\n\u6c49\u5b57\n<span class=\"trad\">\u6f22\u5b57<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, for example, means \u201cChinese characters\u201d. In fact, even though \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>z\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">character; word; letter<\/span>\n\u5b57)<\/span>\u201d, like its English counterpart \u201ccharacter\u201d, can refer to printed or written letters or symbols in general, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>H\u00e0nz\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(H\u00e0n\u00b7z\u00ec\n<span class=\"mt\">{Han (Chinese)} \u00b7 Characters<\/span>\n\u6c49\u5b57\n<span class=\"trad\">\u6f22\u5b57<\/span>)<\/span> are such an <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/800-pound_gorilla\" title=\"800-pound gorilla - Wikipedia\">800-pound gorilla<\/a> in Chinese culture that in Mandarin, \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>z\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">character; word; letter<\/span>\n\u5b57)<\/span>\u201d by itself is often understood to specifically mean the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>H\u00e0nz\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(H\u00e0n\u00b7z\u00ec\n<span class=\"mt\">{Han (Chinese)} \u00b7 Characters<\/span>\n\u6c49\u5b57\n<span class=\"trad\">\u6f22\u5b57<\/span>)<\/span>, the <em>Chinese<\/em> characters. This way of thinking has spilled over into the English-speaking world as well, which is why when English-speaking publishers in the Chinese fields speak of \u201cthe characters\u201d, that\u2019s generally understood to mean \u201cthe <em>Chinese<\/em> characters\u201d, which in turn is understood to mean the \u6c49\u5b57 and not the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span>, even though <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> is also Chinese and made up of characters (printed or written letters or symbols).<\/p>\n<p>So, when we want to refer to a letter of an alphabet, as opposed to a Chinese character, when speaking Mandarin, we can make that clear by using this week\u2019s MEotW, \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>z\u00ecm\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(z\u00ec\u00b7m\u01d4\n<span class=\"lit\">character; word \u00b7 mothers \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[letters (of an alphabet) [\u2192 [alphabet]]]<\/span>\n\u5b57\u6bcd)<\/span>\u201d. In Mandarin, a <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>z\u00ecm\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(z\u00ec\u00b7m\u01d4\n<span class=\"lit\">character; word \u00b7 mothers \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[letters (of an alphabet) [\u2192 [alphabet]]]<\/span>\n\u5b57\u6bcd)<\/span> is literally a \u201ccharacter\/word mother\u201d, something that characters or words come from.<\/p>\n<p>How is it that even Chinese characters or words come from letters? Well, contrary to the traditional Chinese cultural view that Chinese characters are the primary aspect of Chinese languages, linguists (language scientists) now recognize that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ling.upenn.edu\/courses\/Fall_2007\/ling001\/approaches.html#:~:text=Speech%20is%20primary%2C%20writing%20is%20secondary%20and%20is%20always%20derivative%20of%20speech.\" title=\"Linguistics 001 -- Perspectives and Approaches\">speech is primary and writing is secondary<\/a>. So, <strong>a Mandarin expression is not primarily something written with Chinese characters, but rather is primarily something <em>spoken<\/em> in Mandarin<\/strong>. Whereas a Chinese character coarsely represents an entire syllable, letters of alphabets in general represent the individual speech sounds (called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phoneme\" title=\"Phoneme - Wikipedia\">phonemes<\/a> by linguists) that make up the spoken expressions that are the primary part of a language, and this is especially true of a purpose-designed phonetic alphabet like <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>For example, whereas the Chinese character \u201c\u5b57\u201d represents an entire Mandarin syllable as one coarse unit, the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>z\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">character; word; letter<\/span>\n\u5b57)<\/span>\u201d finely spells out the initial sound, the final sound, and even the tone that actually make up that Mandarin syllable.<\/p>\n<p>That speech and the individual sounds that make it up are the real foundation of any human language is such an important, unignorable linguistic principle that even <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pinyin.info\/readings\/defrancis\/chinese_writing_reform.html\" title=\"Prospects for Chinese Writing Reform\">schoolchildren in China<\/a> (see especially the <strong><i>Z.T.<\/i><\/strong> subheading) learn basic Mandarin speech and <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> before getting immersed in <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>H\u00e0nz\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(H\u00e0n\u00b7z\u00ec\n<span class=\"mt\">{Han (Chinese)} \u00b7 Characters<\/span>\n\u6c49\u5b57\n<span class=\"trad\">\u6f22\u5b57<\/span>)<\/span>, Chinese characters, as tradition dictates.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps, then, it would be appropriate for Chinese culture, which values <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filial_piety\" title=\"Filial piety - Wikipedia\">filial piety<\/a>, to be more respectful towards the letters of its phonetic alphabet <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span>, which, both linguistically and educationally, are the \u201cmothers\u201d of the characters it loves so much!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As previous MEotW posts (like this one) have shown, in Mandarin can mean \u201ccharacter\u201d, such that , for example, means \u201cChinese characters\u201d. In fact, even though , like its English counterpart \u201ccharacter\u201d, can refer to printed or written letters or symbols in general, are such an 800-pound gorilla in Chinese culture that in Mandarin, by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,11],"tags":[25,31,97,29,136],"class_list":["post-901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-languages","tag-chinese-characters","tag-john-defrancis","tag-linguistics","tag-pinyin","tag-usage-examples"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>z\u00ecm\u01d4 - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2020\/12\/28\/zimu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"z\u00ecm\u01d4 - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As previous MEotW posts (like this one) have shown, in Mandarin can mean \u201ccharacter\u201d, such that , for example, means \u201cChinese characters\u201d. 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