{"id":6490,"date":"2025-06-10T22:28:55","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T05:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=6490"},"modified":"2025-07-16T13:44:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T20:44:41","slug":"shengji%e2%80%90bobo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2025\/06\/10\/shengji%e2%80%90bobo\/","title":{"rendered":"sh\u0113ngj\u012b\u2010b\u00f3b\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">sh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%);\"> \ud83d\udc48\ud83c\udffc Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>\n<\/h3>\n\n<p>[<strong>Notes:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%)\">Tap\/click on a <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span><span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; <span style=\"color: hsl(45, 85%, 40%)\">tap\/click on a <\/span><span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> <span style=\"color: hsl(45, 85%, 40%)\">or its <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> <span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <strong>Reveal All<\/strong>, <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> <strong>Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 <strong>Reveal None<\/strong> re all the <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n<p>The <i>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng L\u00e1iz\u00ec Chu\u00e0ngz\u00e0o Ma?<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Life<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u547d)\n\t\t\t(L\u00e1i\u00b7z\u00ec\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Came \u00b7 From<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6765\u81ea\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u4f86\u81ea<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(Chu\u00e0ng\u00b7z\u00e0o\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Initiating \u00b7 {Making, Creating} \u2192 [Creating]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u521b\u9020\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5275\u9020<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(Ma\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\"><span style=\"font-style: normal\">[? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions]<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5417\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u55ce<\/span>)?\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Was Life Created? (lc)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i> <i>(Was Life Created? (lc))<\/i> brochure and the <i>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng de Q\u01d0yu\u00e1n\u2014Zh\u00edde S\u012bk\u01ceo de W\u01d4 Ge W\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Life<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u547d)\n\t\t\t(de\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7684)\n\t\t\t(Q\u01d0\u00b7yu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Rising \u2192 [Starting]} \u00b7 Source \u2192 [Origin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8d77\u6e90\/\u539f)\u2014(Zh\u00ed\u00b7de\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Worth \u00b7 Getting \u2192 [Worth]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u503c\u5f97)\n\t\t\t(S\u012b\u00b7k\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Thinking About} \u00b7 Examining<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u601d\u8003)\n\t\t\t(de\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7684)\n\t\t\t(W\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Five<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e94)\n\t\t\t(Ge\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\"><span style=\"font-style: normal\">[mw]<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u500b\/\u4e2a<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(W\u00e8n\u00b7t\u00ed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Asking \u00b7 Subjects \u2192 [Questions]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u95ee\u9898\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u554f\u984c<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[The Origin of Life\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i> <i>(The Origin of Life\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf))<\/i> brochure were originally published back in 2010, but relatively recently, the English version of the <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. Also, the <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure and the <i>Origin of Life<\/i> brochure are now in the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app. So, it would be good to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of these publications that can be so helpful when discussing whether life was created.<\/p>\n<h4>\u201cLiving\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>This week\u2019s MEotW, which appears in the title of one of the sections of the Mandarin <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure,  is <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201csh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span><i>\u201d:<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1102010231#h=1\" title=\"The Living Planet \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\">English<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nThe <strong>Living<\/strong> Planet\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mandarin (<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/cmn-Hans\/wol\/d\/r23\/lp-chs-rb\/1102010231#h=1\" title=\"\u751f\u673a\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5730\u7403 \u2014 \u5b88\u671b\u53f0\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e66\u5e93\">WOL<\/a>; <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lc\/Pinyin_Plus\/lc-1.html\" title=\"lc The Living Planet - Was Life Created? Br. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\">Plus<\/a>)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plusParentNode(this)\" class=\"plusinfotransl\" title=\"Reveal All\" aria-label=\"Reveal All\" role=\"button\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span onclick=\"advParentNode(this)\" class=\"plusinfotransl\" title=\"Reveal Advanced\" aria-label=\"Reveal Advanced\" role=\"button\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> <span onclick=\"minusParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal None\" aria-label=\"Reveal None\" role=\"button\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">Sh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(Sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Life \u00b7 {Mechanism \u2192 [Being Organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">B\u00f3b\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(B\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">Flourishing \u00b7 Flourishing<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">de<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7684)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">D\u00ecqi\u00fa<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(D\u00ec\u00b7qi\u00fa\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">Earth \u00b7 Globe<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5730\u7403)<\/span>\n\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>As can be seen from the above quotes, the Mandarin <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure uses <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201csh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> to effectively mean \u201cliving\u201d. Considering the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morpheme\" title=\"Morpheme - Wikipedia\">morphemes<\/a> in it, this expression could also be translated as \u201cbrimming with life\u201d, or something similar.<\/p>\n<h4>Mechanisms, Organisms, and Crises<\/h4>\n<p>The <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">{machine; mechanism [\u2192 [airplane; aircraft | being organic]]} | {incipient moment; crucial point} | chance; opportunity; occasion | intention; idea<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6a5f\/\u673a<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> in <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201csh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is a particularly <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polysemy\" title=\"Polysemy - Wikipedia\">polysemous<\/a> morpheme, meaning that it has many possible related meanings. For example, it can literally mean \u201cmechanism\u201d, and it can effectively mean \u201corganic\u201d. This seems to indicate that worldly Chinese culture recognizes that living things contain what are effectively mechanisms. Indeed, scientists (and <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1102010344#h=51\" title=\"Is Any Form of Life Really Simple? \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\">Jehovah\u2019s organization<\/a>) speak of the <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/tag\/molecular-machines\/\" title=\"Molecular Machines Archives - Mandarin Expression of the Week\">molecular machines<\/a> inside living cells.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/bee6PWUgPo8?si=fqzsXxX9SVClF1yW\" title=\"YouTube video player\" style=\"border-style: none\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"caption\">A computer-animated visualization of how tiny molecular machines inside our cells copy DNA<\/p>\n<p>The <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">{machine; mechanism [\u2192 [airplane; aircraft | being organic]]} | {incipient moment; crucial point} | chance; opportunity; occasion | intention; idea<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6a5f\/\u673a<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> in <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201csh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> also appears in the Mandarin expression for \u201ccrisis\u201d, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cw\u0113ij\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(w\u0113i\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{ridge of a roof \u2192 [dangerous | endangering]} \u00b7 {incipient moment; crucial point | occasion} | {(for) ridge of a roof \u2192 [(for) danger]} \u00b7 occasion; opportunity \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[crisis]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5371\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5371\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> which some have misconstrued as meaning that there is positive opportunity in danger. For more information about that, check out the <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/06\/06\/weiji\/\" title=\"w\u0113ij\u012b - Mandarin Expression of the Week\">MEotW post<\/a> discussing that expression.<\/p>\n<h4>Reduplications and Idioms<\/h4>\n<p>The latter half of <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201csh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is an example of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reduplication#Chinese\" title=\"Reduplication - Wikipedia\">reduplication<\/a>, which is quite common in Mandarin. Another expression which features reduplication is <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/12\/31\/renxin%E2%80%90huanghuang\/\" title=\"r\u00e9nx\u012bn\u2010hu\u00e1nghu\u00e1ng - Mandarin Expression of the Week\">past MEotW<\/a> <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cr\u00e9nx\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(r\u00e9n\u00b7x\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">people\u2019s \u00b7 hearts \u2192<\/span> [popular\/public feeling]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4eba\u5fc3)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>hu\u00e1nghu\u00e1ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(hu\u00e1ng\u00b7hu\u00e1ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">{being afraid; fearful; scared; frightened [\u2192 [being anxious; uneasy; nervous]]} \u00b7 {being afraid; fearful; scared; frightened [\u2192 [being anxious; uneasy; nervous]]}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u60f6\u60f6)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> which has a similar structure to that of <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201csh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span><i>\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Speaking of structure, the <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/12\/31\/renxin%E2%80%90huanghuang\/\" title=\"r\u00e9nx\u012bn\u2010hu\u00e1nghu\u00e1ng - Mandarin Expression of the Week\">MEotW post<\/a> on <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cr\u00e9nx\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(r\u00e9n\u00b7x\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">people\u2019s \u00b7 hearts \u2192<\/span> [popular\/public feeling]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4eba\u5fc3)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>hu\u00e1nghu\u00e1ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(hu\u00e1ng\u00b7hu\u00e1ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">{being afraid; fearful; scared; frightened [\u2192 [being anxious; uneasy; nervous]]} \u00b7 {being afraid; fearful; scared; frightened [\u2192 [being anxious; uneasy; nervous]]}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u60f6\u60f6)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> said the following about whether expressions like <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cr\u00e9nx\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(r\u00e9n\u00b7x\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">people\u2019s \u00b7 hearts \u2192<\/span> [popular\/public feeling]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4eba\u5fc3)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>hu\u00e1nghu\u00e1ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(hu\u00e1ng\u00b7hu\u00e1ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">{being afraid; fearful; scared; frightened [\u2192 [being anxious; uneasy; nervous]]} \u00b7 {being afraid; fearful; scared; frightened [\u2192 [being anxious; uneasy; nervous]]}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u60f6\u60f6)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> and <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201csh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> qualify as <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrases (typically of 4 characters)]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span><i>:<\/i><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nConsidering its structure, we can say that <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cr\u00e9nx\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(r\u00e9n\u00b7x\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">people\u2019s \u00b7 hearts \u2192<\/span> [popular\/public feeling]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4eba\u5fc3)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>hu\u00e1nghu\u00e1ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(hu\u00e1ng\u00b7hu\u00e1ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">{being afraid; fearful; scared; frightened [\u2192 [being anxious; uneasy; nervous]]} \u00b7 {being afraid; fearful; scared; frightened [\u2192 [being anxious; uneasy; nervous]]}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u60f6\u60f6)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is an idiom. However, it does not seem to be a <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>. This excerpt from the <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2021\/01\/18\/chengyu\/\" title=\"ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4 - Mandarin Expression of the Week\">MEotW post<\/a> on <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> discusses the difference:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nSo, it appears that while <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> can be called idioms in English, not all Chinese idioms are <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>. It seems that \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d specifically refers to Chinese idioms that originated in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Classical_Chinese\" title=\"Classical Chinese - Wikipedia\">Classical Chinese<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/Literary_Chinese\" title=\"Literary Chinese - Wiktionary\">Literary Chinese<\/a>. This writing style has largely been replaced by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Written_vernacular_Chinese\" title=\"Written vernacular Chinese - Wikipedia\">written vernacular Chinese<\/a>, which has been the standard style of writing for <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_Chinese\" title=\"Standard Chinese - Wikipedia\">Modern Standard Mandarin<\/a> for about a century now.<\/p>\n<p>Since they originated in Classical Chinese, which hasn\u2019t been current for about a century, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> often cannot be fully understood by modern speakers and readers of Mandarin, since knowledge about the source material for <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(things that) have become} \u00b7 sayings \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrases (typically of 4 characters); idioms]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span> has naturally been fading with the passing of time.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>Lots and Lots of Life<\/h4>\n<p>Whether or not <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201csh\u0113ngj\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113ng\u00b7j\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">life \u00b7 {mechanism \u2192 [being organic]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[life]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u673a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u751f\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00f3b\u00f3<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(b\u00f3\u00b7b\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">flourishing; thriving; vigorous \u00b7 flourishing; thriving; vigorous<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u52c3\u52c3)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is a <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7y\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{(sth. that) has become} \u00b7 saying \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[set phrase (typically of 4 characters); idiom]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6210\u8bed\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6210\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span><i>,<\/i> it\u2019s certainly appropriate for describing an earth that is well-suited for, and that is filled with, a huge variety of exquisitely designed living things. It is fitting that the <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure quotes <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/b\/r1\/lp-e\/nwtsty\/19\/104#study=discover&#038;v=19:104:24\" title=\"Psalm 104 \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\">Psalm 104:24<\/a> in this regard:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nHow many your works are, O Jehovah!<br \/>\nYou have made all of them in wisdom.<br \/>\nThe earth is full of what you have made.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr>\n<p>For convenience:<\/p>\n<p>The direct link for the current-generation <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus resource for the <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure is:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lc\/Pinyin_Plus\/index.html\" title=\"Was Life Created? Br. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\"><i>Was Life Created?<\/i> Br. (<i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i> Plus, Web)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure is:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/tiandi.info\/lc\" title=\"Was Life Created? Brochure Links - tiandi.info\"><i>Was Life Created?<\/i> Brochure Links (<strong>tiandi.info\/lc<\/strong>)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> and <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus web material based on the Mandarin <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure will be made available in the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lc\/Pinyin_Plus\/index.html\" title=\"Was Life Created? Br. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\">Plus<\/a> web resource as time allows.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] The (Was Life [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,98,19,176,108,15],"tags":[40,37,247,248,141,118,97,372,12,397,244,78,159,382,143,301,245,46,136,243,458,370],"class_list":["post-6490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-history","category-language-learning","category-science","category-technology","category-theocratic","tag-chengyu","tag-chinese-culture","tag-creation","tag-evolution","tag-idioms","tag-jw-library","tag-linguistics","tag-literary-chinese","tag-mandarin","tag-molecular-machines","tag-origin-of-life-br","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-polysemy","tag-reduplication","tag-related-expressions","tag-short-links","tag-teaching-toolbox","tag-translation","tag-usage-examples","tag-was-life-created-br","tag-writing","tag-written-vernacular-chinese"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>sh\u0113ngj\u012b\u2010b\u00f3b\u00f3 - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2025\/06\/10\/shengji\u2010bobo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"sh\u0113ngj\u012b\u2010b\u00f3b\u00f3 - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] The (Was Life [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2025\/06\/10\/shengji\u2010bobo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-11T05:28:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-16T20:44:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/10\\\/shengji%e2%80%90bobo\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/10\\\/shengji%e2%80%90bobo\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiandi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/86583c7b099e090dfeb296aa818abb57\"},\"headline\":\"sh\u0113ngj\u012b\u2010b\u00f3b\u00f3\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-11T05:28:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-16T20:44:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/10\\\/shengji%e2%80%90bobo\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1483,\"commentCount\":0,\"keywords\":[\"Ch\u00e9ngy\u01d4\",\"Chinese Culture\",\"Creation\",\"Evolution\",\"Idioms\",\"JW Library\",\"Linguistics\",\"Literary Chinese\",\"Mandarin\",\"Molecular Machines\",\"Origin of Life Br.\",\"P\u012bny\u012bn Plus\",\"Polysemy\",\"Reduplication\",\"Related Expressions\",\"Short Links\",\"Teaching Toolbox\",\"Translation\",\"Usage Examples\",\"Was Life Created? 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