{"id":5432,"date":"2024-10-27T23:59:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T06:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=5432"},"modified":"2025-03-18T08:26:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T15:26:31","slug":"lingxiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2024\/10\/27\/lingxiu\/","title":{"rendered":"l\u01d0ngxi\u00f9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/span>\n\t\t\t(l\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{neck \u2192 [collar]} \u00b7 sleeves \u2192<\/span> [leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\ud83d\udc48\ud83c\udffc Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>\n<\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

At the time of this writing, with the 2024 United States presidential election<\/a> looming, jw.org<\/a> was featuring the article \u201cWhich Leader Will You Choose?\u2014What Does the Bible Say?<\/a>\u201d. The Mandarin version<\/a> of this article uses this week\u2019s MEotW, \u201cl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(l\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{neck \u2192 [collar]} \u00b7 sleeves \u2192<\/span> [leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> to translate the English word \u201cleader\u201d. For example:<\/p>\n

English<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\nThe Bible explains that God has appointed a most capable and trustworthy leader<\/strong>: Jesus Christ.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\n\n\t\t\t\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tSh\u00e8ngj\u012bng<\/span> \n\t\t\t(Sh\u00e8ng\u00b7j\u012bng \n\t\t\t(the) Holy \u00b7 Scriptures \u2192<\/span> [the Bible]<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u5723\u7ecf \n\t\t\t\u8056\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tshu\u014d<\/span> \n\t\t\t(says<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u8bf4 \n\t\t\t\u8aaa\/\u8aac<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tSh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/span>\n\t\t\t(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\n\t\t\tAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\ty\u01d0jing<\/span> \n\t\t\t(y\u01d0\u00b7jing \n\t\t\talready \u00b7 {has gone through}<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u5df2\u7ecf \n\t\t\t\u5df2\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span> \n\n\t\t\tw\u011bir\u00e8n<\/span>\n\t\t\t(w\u011bi\u00b7r\u00e8n\n\t\t\tdesignating \u00b7 {giving free reign to \u2192<\/span> [appointing]}<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u59d4\u4efb)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tY\u0113s\u016b<\/span> \n\t\t\t(Jesus<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u8036\u7a23 \n\t\t\t\u8036\u7a4c<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tJ\u012bd\u016b<\/span>\n\t\t\t(Christ<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tzu\u00f2<\/span> \n\t\t\t({to be}<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u505a)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tL\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/span>\n\t\t\t(L\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{Neck \u2192 [Collar]} \u00b7 Sleeves \u2192<\/span> [Leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\n\t\t\tt\u0101<\/span> \n\t\t\t(he<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u4ed6)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tsh\u00ec<\/span> \n\t\t\t(is<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u662f)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tzu\u00ec<\/span> \n\t\t\t(most<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u6700 \n\t\t\t\u6700\/\u3761<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\txi\u00e1nm\u00edng<\/span>\n\t\t\t(xi\u00e1n\u00b7m\u00edng\n\t\t\tcapable \u00b7 {bright \u2192 [understanding]} \u2192<\/span> [wise and capable]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8d24\u660e\n\t\t\t\u8ce2\u660e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tde<\/span> \n\t\t\t(\u2019s<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u7684)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tt\u01d2ngzh\u00eczh\u011b<\/span>\n\t\t\t(t\u01d2ng\u00b7zh\u00ec\u00b7zh\u011b\n\t\t\t{gathering together \u2192 [commanding]} \u00b7 ruling \u00b7 person \u2192<\/span> [ruler]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\n\t\t\t\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\n\t\t\tzh\u00edde<\/span>\n\t\t\t(zh\u00ed\u00b7de\n\t\t\tworth \u00b7 getting \u2192<\/span> [deserving of]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u503c\u5f97)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tx\u00ecnr\u00e8n<\/span>\n\t\t\t(x\u00ecn\u00b7r\u00e8n\n\t\t\t{being believed} \u00b7 {being given free reign \u2192<\/span> [being trusted]}<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4fe1\u4efb)<\/span>.\n\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Analyzing Mandarin words at the morpheme<\/a> level often reveals useful and interesting information, but the morphemes in \u201cl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(l\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{neck \u2192 [collar]} \u00b7 sleeves \u2192<\/span> [leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> seem\u2026odd, considering what they are taken to mean when put together. \u201cL\u01d0ng<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(neck [\u2192 [collar] \u2192 [lead; usher | have jurisdiction over; be in possession of]] | receive; draw; get; take; accept | understand; comprehend; grasp<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\n\t\t\t\u9818<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> has an original literal meaning of \u201cneck\u201d, from which an effective meaning of \u201ccollar\u201d understandably emerged. Somehow, though, another effective meaning that emerged for this morpheme is \u201cto lead; to usher (as in \u201cusher guests into the room\u201d)\u201d. The other morpheme \u201cxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(sleeve | {tuck inside the sleeve}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8896\/\u890e)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> literally means \u201csleeve\u201d, and does not<\/em> have an effective meaning on its own that\u2019s obviously related to leadership. How then, did the combination of these two morphemes end up effectively meaning \u201cleader\u201d?<\/p>\n

\u201cClothes Make the Man\u201d?<\/h4>\n

My mother was a schoolteacher in China, and when I asked her about this seemingly strange combination of morphemes, she said that she wasn\u2019t totally sure about the why or how of it, but that a teacher of hers had explained that to the ancient Chinese, the collar and sleeves of a piece of clothing were the most important indicators of how fit for purpose that piece of clothing was. Thus (if that teacher was not just expressing a baseless personal opinion on the matter), it may be that \u201cl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(l\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{neck \u2192 [collar]} \u00b7 sleeves \u2192<\/span> [leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> effectively meaning \u201cleader\u201d is connected to the idea behind the English saying \u201cclothes make the man<\/a>\u201d, that is, that one\u2019s clothes send a message about what kind of person one is. Sometimes, for example, people are even nicknamed because of what they wear, like the redcoats<\/a> and brownshirts<\/a> of history, or the redshirts<\/a> and browncoats<\/a> of fiction. A possibly related factor is that on military uniforms especially, symbols of rank or status are often placed on the collar or sleeves or both. So, in old China, perhaps leaders were seen as those wearing clothing with certain kinds of collars or sleeves, resulting in \u201cl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(l\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{neck \u2192 [collar]} \u00b7 sleeves \u2192<\/span> [leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> (\u201ccollar sleeves\u201d) becoming a Mandarin synecdoche<\/a> referring to \u201cleader\u201d. (For comparison, a common English synecdoche is \u201csuits\u201d, which is used to refer to \u201cbusinessmen\u201d.)<\/p>\n

Another possible explanation is that perhaps the piece of clothing in question in \u201cl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(l\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{neck \u2192 [collar]} \u00b7 sleeves \u2192<\/span> [leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> is a metaphor for the people as a whole, and that the collar and sleeves, being the parts of a piece of clothing that the Chinese were said to believe set the tone for it, thus represent the leader or leaders of the people. If any of you have any other information or ideas about why or how the morphemes in \u201cl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(l\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{neck \u2192 [collar]} \u00b7 sleeves \u2192<\/span> [leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> came to combine to mean \u201cleader\u201d, please share in the comments.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Emperors Have No Clothes\u201d<\/h4>\n

Regardless of how the combination of \u201cl\u01d0ng<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(neck [\u2192 [collar] \u2192 [lead; usher | have jurisdiction over; be in possession of]] | receive; draw; get; take; accept | understand; comprehend; grasp<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\n\t\t\t\u9818<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> and \u201cxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(sleeve | {tuck inside the sleeve}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8896\/\u890e)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> came to effectively mean \u201cleader\u201d, \u201cl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(l\u01d0ng\u00b7xi\u00f9\n\t\t\t{neck \u2192 [collar]} \u00b7 sleeves \u2192<\/span> [leader]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9886\u8896\n\t\t\t\u9818\u8896<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> does indeed mean that to today\u2019s Mandarin-speakers\u2014to them, however they do so, \u201ccollar\u201d and \u201csleeves\u201d do indeed combine to make \u201cleader\u201d. Unfortunately\u2014to allude to another well-known English saying<\/a>\u2014the human Emperors of this world \u201chave no clothes\u201d\u2014there is no real basis for the claims that they are worthy to be mankind\u2019s leaders.<\/p>\n

In contrast, Jehovah God has chosen Jesus as his King, and Jesus has shown himself to have real qualifications, far beyond those involving mere apparel and status symbols. While the world is embroiled in various struggles\u2014from violent wars to comparatively<\/em> nonviolent elections\u2014over who will gain power to rule, it is our privilege to tell people in the Mandarin field about the good news about God\u2019s Kingdom, and about God\u2019s King, Jesus Christ himself. Being no mere figurehead<\/a>, he and his Kingdom will \u201ccrush and put an end to\u201d the human governments of Satan\u2019s world and cause the whole earth to actually become the peaceful, secure paradise that God wants it be.\u2014Daniel 2:44<\/a>; 1 John 5:19<\/a>; Matthew 6:10<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] At the time […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,61,445,98,15],"tags":[37,476,474,141,119,47,78,143,102,475,136,404],"class_list":["post-5432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","category-experiences","category-history","category-theocratic","tag-chinese-culture","tag-elections","tag-firefly-tv-show","tag-idioms","tag-jw-org","tag-morphemes","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-related-expressions","tag-star-trek","tag-synecdoches","tag-usage-examples","tag-war"],"yoast_head":"\nl\u01d0ngxi\u00f9 - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2024\/10\/27\/lingxiu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"l\u01d0ngxi\u00f9 - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] At the time […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2024\/10\/27\/lingxiu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-28T06:59:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-18T15:26:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/27\\\/lingxiu\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/27\\\/lingxiu\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiandi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/86583c7b099e090dfeb296aa818abb57\"},\"headline\":\"l\u01d0ngxi\u00f9\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-28T06:59:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-18T15:26:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/27\\\/lingxiu\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1025,\"commentCount\":0,\"keywords\":[\"Chinese Culture\",\"Elections\",\"Firefly (TV Show)\",\"Idioms\",\"jw.org\",\"Morphemes\",\"P\u012bny\u012bn Plus\",\"Related Expressions\",\"Star Trek\",\"Synecdoches\",\"Usage Examples\",\"War\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\",\"Current Events\",\"Experiences\",\"History\",\"Theocratic\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/27\\\/lingxiu\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/27\\\/lingxiu\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/27\\\/lingxiu\\\/\",\"name\":\"l\u01d0ngxi\u00f9 - 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