{"id":5318,"date":"2024-10-07T23:17:20","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T06:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=5318"},"modified":"2024-10-13T18:34:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T01:34:02","slug":"zhongyang-zhanglao%e2%80%90tuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2024\/10\/07\/zhongyang-zhanglao%e2%80%90tuan\/","title":{"rendered":"Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng Zh\u01cengl\u01ceo\u2010Tu\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng Zh\u01cengl\u01ceo\u2010Tu\u00e1n<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Grown \u2192 [Elder]} \u00b7 Old (Men) \u2192 [Elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)\u2010(Tu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Rolled into a Ball} \u2192 [Group] \u2192 [Body]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Governing Body]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%);\"> \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>\n<\/h3>\n\n<p>[<strong>Notes:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%)\">Tap\/click on a <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span><span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; <span style=\"color: hsl(45, 85%, 40%)\">tap\/click on a <\/span><span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> <span style=\"color: hsl(45, 85%, 40%)\">or its <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> <span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <strong>Reveal All<\/strong>, <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> <strong>Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 <strong>Reveal None<\/strong> re all the <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n<p>A few years back, I wrote up a brief <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/ia\/Reasons%20for%20Imitate%20Bk.%20Pinyin%2C%20etc.%20Material.html\" title=\"Reasons for Imitate Bk. P\u012bny\u012bn, etc. Material\">web page listing reasons<\/a> for producing <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span>, etc. material for the <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/publication\/r1\/lp-e\/ia\" title=\"Imitate (ia) \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\"><i>Imitate (ia)<\/i> book<\/a>. Some, especially some who grew up in the West, may have felt that this book is made up of \u201cjust stories\u201d, and ones that they were already quite familiar with, at that. However, we must remember that Chinese Bible students may often have a different perspective regarding the Bible accounts that are made to come to life in the <i>Imitate<\/i> book. As that web page said:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>Many Chinese people in the world have not been exposed to Bible accounts the way many Westerners have.<\/li>\n<li>Also, I have heard that some, perhaps many, Chinese Bible students tend to approach their Bible studies like intellectual exercises for accumulating <em>ch\u014duxi\u00e0ng<\/em> (abstract) head knowledge as if for a school exam, rather than as training for their hearts for their own real lives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Later, the web page touches on how some of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/in-the-minds-of-others\/\" title=\"Fiction Hones Social Skills - Scientific American\">real-world benefits<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2020\/04\/11\/815573198\/how-stories-connect-and-persuade-us-unleashing-the-brain-power-of-narrative\" title=\"Storytelling's Power To Connect Us, Shift Perspective And Spur Action : Shots - Health News : NPR\">of good storytelling<\/a> like that found in the <i>Imitate<\/i> book involve <em>empathy<\/em>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2026\n<ul>\n<li>The actress Natalie Portman once said, \u201cI love acting. I think it\u2019s the most amazing thing to be able to do. Your job is practicing empathy. You walk down the street imagining every person\u2019s life.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The <em>Imitate<\/em> book helps build Bible students\u2019 <em>empathy<\/em> towards Bible characters, which in turn helps Bible students realize that others would feel empathy towards them as well if they imitated these Bible characters\u2014not everyone will just think they\u2019re crazy, like many worldly friends or family members might think.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>While even fictional stories can have the benefits described in the links and the quote above, <em>true<\/em> stories from the Bible can have even greater benefits, including spiritual ones.<\/p>\n<p>Besides the <i>Imitate<\/i> book, another book from Jehovah\u2019s organization that relates Bible accounts is the <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/publication\/r1\/lp-e\/lfb\" title=\"Learn From the Bible (lfb) \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\"><i>Learn From the Bible (lfb)<\/i> book<\/a>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1102016123\" title=\"A Letter From the Governing Body \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\">letter from the Governing Body<\/a> in this book says that, similarly to the <i>Imitate<\/i> book, the <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book also \u201cbrings the Bible accounts to life and captures the feelings of those depicted\u201d, while, unlike the <i>Imitate<\/i> book, it \u201ctells the story of the human family from creation onward\u201d. While the <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book is especially suitable for children, the letter from the Governing Body in this book says that \u201cit can also be used to help adults who desire to learn more about the Bible\u201d. So, it would be good to consider on this blog some of the expressions used in the Mandarin <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book.<\/p>\n<h4>You Have Mail!<\/h4>\n<p>This week\u2019s MEotW, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u014dngy\u0101ng Zh\u01cengl\u01ceo\u2010Tu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Grown \u2192 [Elder]} \u00b7 Old (Men) \u2192 [Elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)\u2010(Tu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Rolled into a Ball} \u2192 [Group] \u2192 [Body]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Governing Body]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> appears near the beginning of the Mandarin <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1102016123\" title=\"A Letter From the Governing Body \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\">English<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nA Letter From the <strong>Governing Body<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mandarin (<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/cmn-Hans\/wol\/d\/r23\/lp-chs-rb\/1102016123\" title=\"\u4e2d\u592e\u957f\u8001\u56e2\u7684\u4fe1 \u2014 \u5b88\u671b\u53f0\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e66\u5e93\">WOL<\/a>, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lfb\/Pinyin_Plus\/lfb-000-letter.html\" title=\"lfb Letter - Learn From the Bible Bk. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\">Plus<\/a>):<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plusParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal All\" class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span onclick=\"advParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal Advanced\" class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> <span onclick=\"minusParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal None\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng Zh\u01cengl\u01ceo\u2010Tu\u00e1n<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Grown \u2192 [Elder]} \u00b7 Old (Men) \u2192 [Elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)\u2010(Tu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Rolled into a Ball} \u2192 [Group] \u2192 [Body]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Governing Body]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">de<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7684)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">X\u00ecn<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">Letter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4fe1)<\/span>\n\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>We can see from the above that <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u014dngy\u0101ng Zh\u01cengl\u01ceo\u2010Tu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Grown \u2192 [Elder]} \u00b7 Old (Men) \u2192 [Elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)\u2010(Tu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Rolled into a Ball} \u2192 [Group] \u2192 [Body]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Governing Body]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is the official Mandarin expression used to translate \u201cGoverning Body\u201d. What <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morpheme\" title=\"Morpheme - Wikipedia\">morphemes<\/a> and words are used to make up this Mandarin expression? What do they mean? How do they work together to make up the whole expression?<\/p>\n<h4>Central, But Not Necessarily in the Central Kingdom<\/h4>\n<p>Both the morphemes in <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201czh\u014dngy\u0101ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">centre | central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> mean \u201ccentre\u201d or \u201ccentral\u201d. Years ago, a sister expressed to me that she doubted that the organization would use the expression <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201czh\u014dngy\u0101ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">centre | central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> since it was such a mainland China-coded expression that\u2019s often used by the current central government there. In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pleco.com\/\" title=\"Pleco Software \u2013 The #1 Chinese dictionary app for iOS and Android\">Pleco<\/a>\u2019s built-in dictionary says that it can be an abbreviation for <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u014dnggu\u00f3 G\u00f2ngch\u01cen\u2010D\u01ceng Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng W\u011biyu\u00e1n\u2010Hu\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dng\u00b7gu\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central \u00b7 Nation \u2192 [Chinese]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u56fd\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u4e2d\u570b<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(G\u00f2ng\u00b7ch\u01cen\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Commonly Possessing} \u00b7 {Produced (Things) \u2192 [Property]} \u2192 [Communist]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5171\u4ea7\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5171\u7522<\/span>)\u2010(D\u01ceng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Party<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u515a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9ee8\/\u515a<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t{(W\u011bi\u00b7yu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Entrusted \u00b7 Members<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u59d4\u5458\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u59d4\u54e1<\/span>)\u2010(Hu\u00ec\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Gathering<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4f1a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6703<\/span>) <span class=\"lit\">\u2192 [Committee]} \u2192<\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">[Central Committee of the Communist Party of China]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> (\u201cCentral Committee of the Communist Party of China\u201d). Another example is <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u014dnggu\u00f3 Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng Di\u00e0nsh\u00ec\u2010T\u00e1i<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dng\u00b7gu\u00f3\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central \u00b7 Nation \u2192 [China]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u56fd\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u4e2d\u570b<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t(Di\u00e0n\u00b7sh\u00ec\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Electric \u00b7 {Looking At} \u2192 [Television]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7535\u89c6\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u96fb\u8996<\/span>)\u2010(T\u00e1i\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Platform \u2192 [Station]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u53f0\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u53f0\/\u81fa<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[China Central Television (CCTV)]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China_Central_Television\" title=\"China Central Television - Wikipedia\">China Central Television (CCTV)<\/a>\u201d), the national television broadcaster of China. However, mitigating against the concern that <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201czh\u014dngy\u0101ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">centre | central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is overly connected to mainland China is that it\u2019s used in <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u014dngy\u0101ng Q\u00edngb\u00e0o\u2010J\u00fa<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t(Q\u00edng\u00b7b\u00e0o\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Situation; Circumstances \u00b7 Reporting \u2192 [Intelligence]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u60c5\u62a5\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u60c5\u5831<\/span>)\u2010(J\u00fa\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Bureau; Office \u2192 [Agency]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5c40)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> the Mandarin expression referring to the US\u2019s Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Anyway, the organization has decided that it\u2019s not a problem to use <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201czh\u014dngy\u0101ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">centre | central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> in the official Mandarin expression referring to the Governing Body.<\/p>\n<h4>Old (Man\/Men)<\/h4>\n<p><span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u01cengl\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{grown \u2192 [elder]} \u00b7 old (men) \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> literally just means \u201cgrown old\u201d, without any explicit reference to any man or men. However, it\u2019s used such that it has an effective meaning of \u201celder (man\/men)\u201d, and it\u2019s used by the organization to refer to the elders within the organization. There are many Mandarin expressions that follow this pattern of explicitly meaning a description, while only implicitly meaning that this description applies to a person, or to persons. Another example is <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cj\u00ecs\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(j\u00ec\u00b7s\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{offering sacrifices} \u00b7 {taking charge [of]}; {attending [to]}; managing (person) \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[priest]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u796d\u53f8)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> which literally just means \u201coffering sacrifices, attending to\u201d, but which effectively means \u201cpriest[s]\u201d, an implied person, or implied persons, to whom the literal description applies.<\/p>\n<h4>Towards a Clearer Style<\/h4>\n<p>In the rendering <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u014dngy\u0101ng Zh\u01cengl\u01ceo\u2010Tu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Grown \u2192 [Elder]} \u00b7 Old (Men) \u2192 [Elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)\u2010(Tu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Rolled into a Ball} \u2192 [Group] \u2192 [Body]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Governing Body]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> following after <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u01cengl\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Grown \u2192 [Elder]} \u00b7 Old (Men) \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is a hyphen. This is not a typical <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> rendering, if anything is typical about <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> in this characters-dominated world\u2014typically, one would encounter <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u01cengl\u01ceotu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\u00b7tu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">{{Grown \u2192 [Elder]} \u00b7 Old (Men) \u2192<\/span> [Elders]<span class=\"lit\">} \u00b7 {{Rolled into a Ball} \u2192 [Group] \u2192<\/span> [Body]<span class=\"lit\">}<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> rendered as a single, uninterrupted word. However, I have been leaning towards the view that such relatively long, uninterrupted words are relatively difficult to parse, or mentally break down into meaningful components. So, I have been adopting the practice of inserting hyphens in expressions that are typically rendered as long, uninterrupted words, between expressions like <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201czh\u01cengl\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{grown \u2192 [elder]} \u00b7 old (men) \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> and <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201ctu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"lit\">{roll sth. into a ball} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[unite; assemble | sth. roundish; lump | group; society; organization | round; circular | <i>[mw for roundish things]<\/i>]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> that can stand alone as words. This makes it easier for readers to mentally come to grips with how multi-word expressions are constructed, with how they mean what they mean.<\/p>\n<p>Even with the English writing system, which has been around for centuries and is very widely used, there remain similarly differing opinions on word separation and hyphenation, as well as differing opinions on things like the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serial_comma\" title=\"Serial comma - Wikipedia\">Oxford (serial) comma<\/a>, British and American spellings, capitalization, etc. Different organizations, in fact, have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/home.html\" title=\"The Chicago Manual of Style\">different<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\" title=\"Wikipedia:Manual of Style - Wikipedia\">style<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-us\/guide\/applestyleguide\/welcome\/web\" title=\"Apple Style Guide - Apple Support\">guides<\/a> regarding how to use the English writing system. It should not be surprising, then, that a relatively \u201cyoung\u201d writing system like <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span><i>,<\/i> which additionally faces cultural prejudices unfairly limiting its use, has some aspects regarding which differing opinions still exist, which may get hammered out to an extent with time and greater usage by many different people.<\/p>\n<h4>Having a Ball<\/h4>\n<p>Coming to the final morpheme of this week\u2019s MEotW, note that while <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201ctu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"lit\">{roll sth. into a ball} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[unite; assemble | sth. roundish; lump | group; society; organization | round; circular | <i>[mw for roundish things]<\/i>]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> effectively means \u201cgroup\u201d or \u201cbody\u201d, it literally means \u201croll something into a ball\u201d, and can also mean \u201croundish mass; lump\u201d! So, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201czh\u01cengl\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{grown \u2192 [elder]} \u00b7 old (men) \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)<\/span>\u2010<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>tu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"lit\">{rolled into a ball} \u2192 [group] \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[body]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> suggests the mental image of a number of elders rolled into a ball or roundish mass, so that they become a body of elders. Hopefully, elders in the Mandarin field will be able to find this Mandarin wording amusing rather than be offended by it!<\/p>\n<p>Anyway, the morphemes in <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cZh\u014dngy\u0101ng Zh\u01cengl\u01ceo\u2010Tu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((Zh\u014dngy\u0101ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Central<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e2d\u592e)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u01ceng\u00b7l\u01ceo\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Grown \u2192 [Elder]} \u00b7 Old (Men) \u2192 [Elders]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u957f\u8001\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u8001<\/span>)\u2010(Tu\u00e1n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Rolled into a Ball} \u2192 [Group] \u2192 [Body]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56e2\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u5718\/\u7cf0<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Governing Body]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> on a certain level of literalness come together to mean \u201cCentral Body of Elders\u201d, which matches nicely with the English expression \u201cGoverning Body\u201d. In their letter near the beginning of the <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book, the Governing Body introduces this book and expresses their hopes for how it will be able to benefit people who make good use of it. May we do our part to help people in the Mandarin field to do so. Perhaps, we can start by showing them the letter from the Governing Body that\u2019s contained in the <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>For convenience:<\/p>\n<p>The direct link for the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus resource for the <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book is:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lfb\/Pinyin_Plus\/index.html\" title=\"Learn From the Bible Bk. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\"><i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> Bk. (<i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i> Plus, Web)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book is:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/tiandi.info\/lfb\" title=\"Learn From the Bible Book Links - tiandi.info\"><i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> Book Links (<strong>tiandi.info\/lfb<\/strong>)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> and <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus web material based on the Mandarin <i>Learn From the Bible<\/i> book will be made available in the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lfb\/Pinyin_Plus\/index.html\" title=\"Learn From the Bible Bk. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\">Plus<\/a> web resource as time allows.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] A few years [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,445,176,15],"tags":[125,22,25,37,316,26,343,320,166,319,83,29,78,68,143,301,419,321,128,303,136,74,126],"class_list":["post-5318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-experiences","category-science","category-theocratic","tag-capitalization","tag-china","tag-chinese-characters","tag-chinese-culture","tag-empathy","tag-english","tag-hyphenation","tag-imitate-bk","tag-learn-from-the-bible-bk","tag-natalie-portman","tag-oxford-comma","tag-pinyin","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-pleco","tag-related-expressions","tag-short-links","tag-spelling","tag-stories","tag-style-guides","tag-usa","tag-usage-examples","tag-word-separation","tag-writing-systems"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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