{"id":5137,"date":"2024-08-18T23:58:48","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T06:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=5137"},"modified":"2024-08-24T20:44:50","modified_gmt":"2024-08-25T03:44:50","slug":"app","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2024\/08\/18\/app\/","title":{"rendered":"app"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>\n\t\t\tapp (a-p-p)\n\n\t\t\t<!--<span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%);\"> \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>-->\n<\/h3>\n\n<p>This week\u2019s MEotW, \u201capp\u201d (sometimes written as \u201cAPP\u201d), is now the organization\u2019s official way to translate \u201capp\u201d in Mandarin, as much as there is an official way to do so. For example, it\u2019s used in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/cmn-hans\/%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86\/%E5%BD%B1%E7%89%87\/#cmn-hans\/mediaitems\/StudioNewsReports\/docid-1112024014_1_VIDEO\" title=\"\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5f71\u7247\u5e93 | JW.ORG\u5f71\u7247 \u4e2d\u6587\u7b80\u4f53\uff08\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\uff09\">Mandarin version<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/library\/videos\/#en\/mediaitems\/StudioNewsReports\/docid-1112024014_1_VIDEO\" title=\"Online Video Library | JW.ORG Videos English\">2024 Governing Body Update #5 video<\/a>, at around the 11:06 mark\u2014the subtitles say \u201capp\u201d, while the narrator says what sounds like \u201cay pee pee\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/img\/2024\/screenshots\/app-2024_GB_Update_5.png\" alt=\"\u201capp\u201d used in the Mandarin version of the 2024 Governing Body Update #5 video\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/p>\n<p>(By the way, note that in this screenshot, the JW Library app is shown in Dark Mode\u2014afters many years of people being used to using computer displays with white backgrounds that mimick paper, the organization is showing that there is nothing objectionable about the dark or black backgrounds enabled by computing device displays, backgrounds which can be easier on the eyes in some situations. After all, the default mode of the universe that Jehovah created is dark mode!)<\/p>\n<h4>An Unexpected Pronunciation<\/h4>\n<p>Yes, interestingly, as we can hear from the aforementioned video, when one refers to the JW Library app in Mandarin, in addition to using the English app name \u201cJW Library\u201d instead of a corresponding native Mandarin expression, one <em>spells out<\/em> the letters of \u201capp\u201d instead of just saying the English word \u201capp\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Why use three syllables to pronounce this exceedingly simple one-syllable English word in such an unusual and unexpected way? An Internet search turned up <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/Why-do-some-Chinese-people-in-China-pronounce-app-as-a-p-p\" title=\"Why do some Chinese people (in China) pronounce 'app' as a.p.p? - Quora\">a Quora page discussing this question<\/a>, which page contains the following excerpt that seems to summarize the points made in many of the replies:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nSince the the original form \u201capplication\u201d is not widely known, app is thought to be an acronym. In the aspect of pronunciation, closed syllables ending with p do not meet the Chinese pronunciation habit.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>So, in other words, some believe that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Being unfamiliar with the English word \u201capplication\u201d that \u201capp\u201d is an abbreviation for, many Mandarin-speaking people erroneously thought that \u201capp\u201d is an <em>acronym\/initialism<\/em> like \u201cUSA\u201d or \u201cPRC\u201d<s>, and acronyms are pronounced by saying the names of the letters in them<\/s>. [<strong>2024-08-21:<\/strong> Thanks to reader SB for bringing up the matter of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acronym\" title=\"Acronym - Wikipedia\">acronyms<\/a> vs. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wordnik.com\/words\/initialism\" title=\"initialism - definition and meaning\">initialisms<\/a>. It seems that there is agreement that <strong>initialisms<\/strong> are, or can be, pronounced letter by letter, like \u201cUSA\u201d and the Mandarin \u201capp\u201d are. However, there is <em>not<\/em> agreement about whether expressions pronounced that way count as <strong>acronyms,<\/strong> since some hold that only expressions like \u201cNASA\u201d that are pronounced as words should be considered acronyms.]\n<ul>\n<li>The fact that the Mandarin \u201capp\u201d is sometimes written in all upper case letters as \u201cAPP\u201d, like an acronym\/initialism would be written, lends credence to this theory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Because Mandarin does not have words that end with a \u201cp\u201d sound, people who have only ever spoken Mandarin are not used to saying such words, and thus were naturally inclined to not just pronounce \u201capp\u201d like it is pronounced in English.\n<ul>\n<li>Some drag Chinese characters and <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> into discussion of this question, but these writing systems are just secondary visual representations of the actual primary factor relating to this issue, which is <em>the system of sounds used in Mandarin speech.<\/em> (I believe that technically, this is referred to as Mandarin <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phonology\" title=\"Phonology - Wikipedia\"><em>phonology<\/em><\/a><i>.)<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Personally, I have doubts about this proposed factor, since other one-syllable English words ending with a \u201cp\u201d sound, like \u201cjeep\u201d <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>(\u201cj\u00edp\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">jeep<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5409\u666e)<\/span><i>\u201d)<\/i> and \u201cTrump\u201d <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>(\u201cT\u00e8l\u01cengp\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">Trump<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7279\u6717\u666e)<\/span><i>\/<\/i><span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>Chu\u0101np\u01d4<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">Trump <i>(Tw)<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5ddd\u666e)<\/span><i>\u201d),<\/i> have been borrowed by Mandarin without requiring Mandarin-speakers to spell out their letters. I suppose it\u2019s possible, as some have said, that putting \u201capp\u201d through this process results in a Mandarin expression that sounds confusingly similar to other expressions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It\u2019s also interesting that \u201capp\u201d, with its spelled-out letters, is used in Mandarin to correspond with the English word \u201capp\u201d, including in official media published by the organization, even though a native Mandarin expression meaning \u201capp\u201d does indeed exist. As shown in dictionaries, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cy\u00ecngy\u00f2ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(y\u00ecng\u00b7y\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">apply \u00b7 use | applied \u00b7 used [(instance\/etc.)] [\u2192 [applied; for practical application; practical | application; practical use | (computing) app]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5e94\u7528\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u61c9\u7528<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> may be used to mean \u201capp\u201d, and just as \u201capp\u201d is short for \u201capplication\u201d, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cy\u00ecngy\u00f2ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(y\u00ecng\u00b7y\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">apply \u00b7 use | applied \u00b7 used [(instance\/etc.)] [\u2192 [applied; for practical application; practical | application; practical use | (computing) app]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5e94\u7528\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u61c9\u7528<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is short for <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cy\u00ecngy\u00f2ng ch\u00e9ngx\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((y\u00ecng\u00b7y\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">applied \u00b7 used (instance) \u2192 [application]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5e94\u7528\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u61c9\u7528<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7x\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{journey \u2192 [procedure]} \u00b7 order; sequence \u2192 [(computer) programme]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7a0b\u5e8f)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[application programme]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> (or <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>\u201cy\u00ecngy\u00f2ng ch\u00e9ngsh\u00ec<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((y\u00ecng\u00b7y\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">applied \u00b7 used (instance) \u2192 [application]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5e94\u7528\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u61c9\u7528<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(ch\u00e9ng\u00b7sh\u00ec\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{journey \u2192 [procedure]} \u00b7 pattern \u2192 [(computer) programme <i>(Tw)]<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7a0b\u5f0f)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[application programme <i>(Tw)]<\/i><\/span><i>)<\/i><\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> in Taiwan).<\/p>\n<h4>\u201cResistance Is Futile\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>While Chinese traditionalists may futilely carry on about keeping Chinese culture \u201cpure\u201d, the common use of \u201capp\u201d in Mandarin is yet another example of Chinese culture naturally being influenced by Western culture, since the phenomenon of the modern mobile app followed on from the Western invention of the iPhone. Regarding the influence of Western culture on Chinese people, I have also noticed that some Chinese people seem to consider it \u201ccool\u201d to sprinkle in some English words here and there when they are speaking Mandarin, Cantonese, etc., even when they know the corresponding native Mandarin, Cantonese, etc. expressions.<\/p>\n<p>Speaking of \u201ccool\u201d, a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu\/nll\/\" title=\"Language Log\">Language Log<\/a> blog post written by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victor_H._Mair\" title=\"Victor H. Mair - Wikipedia\">Victor Mair<\/a> and entitled \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu\/nll\/?p=65299\" title=\"Language Log \u00bb The Englishization of Chinese enters a new phase\">The Englishization of Chinese enters a new phase<\/a>\u201d said the following about \u201ccool\u201d, and about our MEotW \u201capp\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nHe takes the well-known example of &#8220;cool&#8221; (I&#8217;ll summarize what he says here).  Before the year 2000, if somebody mentioned in a praiseworthy way that something was &#8220;k\u00f9 \u9177&#8221;, which at that time literally meant &#8220;cruel; ruthless; brutal; oppressive; savage&#8221;, people would consider that he was mixing English &#8220;coo[l]&#8221; in his Chinese speech, because at that time English &#8220;cool&#8221; was still in the early stages of being absorbed into Chinese.  Standard dictionaries listed only the negative, pejorative meanings of &#8220;k\u00f9 \u9177&#8221;; there was not a trace of the positive meaning of &#8220;neat; nifty&#8221; and so forth.  However, with the passage of time and with more and more saying &#8220;coo[l]&#8221; in a positive, approbatory sense, it gradually became a Chinese word.  Now, if you say that someone or something is &#8220;k\u00f9 \u9177&#8221; (i.e., &#8220;cool&#8221;), no one would think that you&#8217;re mixing English in your speech.  The positive meanings &#8220;cool; neat; nifty&#8221; have now become the primary definitions for &#8220;k\u00f9 \u9177&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026people are no longer feeling the need to syllabize, much less <i>hanzi<\/i>ize, English words.  They just say them flat out, and nobody blinks an eye that they are English words in Chinese.  They have already instantly become Chinese terms \u2014 at least in speech.  Nobody has cared to figure out how they should be written in <i>hanzi<\/i> [Chinese characters]. Even if you write them, you write them with roman letters\u2026the roman alphabet has become an integral part of the Chinese writing system<\/p>\n<p>\u2026<\/p>\n<p>There are hundreds of such words in current Chinese discourse, and they are at diverse stages of absorption into Chinese, e.g., &#8220;app&#8221;, &#8220;logo&#8221;, and &#8220;Pt\u00fa P\u56fe&#8221; (lit. &#8220;P picture\/image&#8221;).\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Yes, along with the \u201cJW Library\u201d app name, \u201capp\u201d is yet another example of how English words and Latin alphabet letters\u2014like those used in <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span>\u2014are being incorporated into how people speak and write Mandarin Chinese \u201cin the wild\u201d, in the real world.<\/p>\n<p>Anyway, as discussed in the 2024 Governing Body Update #5 video mentioned above, we stay neutral with regard to the world\u2019s conflicts. While this obviously includes the world\u2019s wars and political conflicts, in principle, this also applies to the world\u2019s culture wars and its cultural conflicts and competitions. Our focus should be on how we can advance the interests of <em>God\u2019s<\/em> Kingdom, and promote <em>God\u2019s<\/em> righteous ways of doing things.\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/b\/r1\/lp-e\/nwtsty\/40\/6#study=discover&#038;v=40:6:33\" title=\"Matthew 6 \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\">Matthew 6:33<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This week\u2019s MEotW, \u201capp\u201d (sometimes written as \u201cAPP\u201d), is now the organization\u2019s official way to translate \u201capp\u201d in Mandarin, as much as there is an official way to do so. For example, it\u2019s used in the Mandarin version of the 2024 Governing Body Update #5 video, at around the 11:06 mark\u2014the subtitles say \u201capp\u201d, while [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,61,98,176,108,15],"tags":[464,28,25,37,410,235,26,465,378,154,118,165,222,97,12,399,152,254,29,463,24,102,277,296,30,295,39,126],"class_list":["post-5137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","category-history","category-science","category-technology","category-theocratic","tag-acronyms-initialisms","tag-cantonese","tag-chinese-characters","tag-chinese-culture","tag-culture-war","tag-dark-mode","tag-english","tag-englishization","tag-governing-body-update","tag-iphone","tag-jw-library","tag-language-log","tag-latin-alphabet","tag-linguistics","tag-mandarin","tag-neutrality","tag-paper","tag-phonology","tag-pinyin","tag-quora","tag-speech","tag-star-trek","tag-taiwan","tag-tradition","tag-victor-h-mair","tag-video-subtitles","tag-western-culture","tag-writing-systems"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>app - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2024\/08\/18\/app\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"app - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This week\u2019s MEotW, \u201capp\u201d (sometimes written as \u201cAPP\u201d), is now the organization\u2019s official way to translate \u201capp\u201d in Mandarin, as much as there is an official way to do so. 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