{"id":5083,"date":"2024-08-04T23:36:54","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T06:36:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=5083"},"modified":"2024-08-10T02:19:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T09:19:48","slug":"haowu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2024\/08\/04\/haowu\/","title":{"rendered":"h\u00e1ow\u00fa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\th\u00e1ow\u00fa<\/span>\n\t\t\t(h\u00e1o\u00b7w\u00fa\n\t\t\t{(even) a fine hair (of)} \u00b7 {is not having} \u2192<\/span> [is not having even a little]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u7121<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>\n<\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

I have long especially liked 1 Corinthians 13<\/a>. It contains counsel on what really does and doesn\u2019t matter in life, an extensive description and definition of the most important kind of love, and a sublime discussion about the need to become complete, mature, as a person. As these apply to life in general, so too do they apply to our lives as Mandarin field language learners.<\/p>\n

As Mandarin field language learners, it can benefit us greatly to consider what we can learn from 1 Corinthians 13, and along the way, we can also consider some of the Mandarin expressions used in that chapter<\/a> in the current version of the Mandarin New World Translation<\/i> Bible (nwtsty).<\/p>\n

\u201cI Do Not Benefit at All\u201d<\/h4>\n

This week\u2019s MEotW, \u201ch\u00e1ow\u00fa<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(h\u00e1o\u00b7w\u00fa\n\t\t\t{(even) a fine hair (of)} \u00b7 {is not having} \u2192<\/span> [is not having even a little]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u7121<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> is used in verse 3 (WOL<\/a>, P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus<\/a>) of 1 Corinthians 13:<\/p>\n

\"Screenshot<\/p>\n

(Dark mode for the Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY (WOL) website, as shown in the above image, can be enabled in the Safari web browser by using the Noir<\/a> Safari extension. Other web browsers may also have extensions with similar functionality.)<\/p>\n

In \u201ch\u00e1ow\u00fa<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(h\u00e1o\u00b7w\u00fa\n\t\t\t{(even) a fine hair (of)} \u00b7 {is not having} \u2192<\/span> [is not having even a little]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u7121<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> \u201ch\u00e1o<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({[(even) a] fine hair [(of)]} | milli-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> literally refers to a \u201cfine hair\u201d. As for \u201cw\u00fa<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({not having}; without; none; no | nothing<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u7121\/\u65e0<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> it means \u201cnot having; without; none; no\u201d. So, \u201ch\u00e1ow\u00fa<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(h\u00e1o\u00b7w\u00fa\n\t\t\t{(even) a fine hair (of)} \u00b7 {is not having} \u2192<\/span> [is not having even a little]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u7121<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> literally means \u201ca fine hair is not having\u201d, and effectively means \u201cis not having even a little\u201d. This is an interesting metaphor for emphasizing to us the ultimate futility of doing things out of pride and not out of love, things like focusing Mandarin field language-learning efforts on Chinese cultural traditions like characters rather than on how best to communicate the good news. As a metaphor, it reminds me of the English expression of not having even a shadow of a doubt about something.<\/p>\n

Below are English and P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus renditions showing how \u201ch\u00e1ow\u00fa<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(h\u00e1o\u00b7w\u00fa\n\t\t\t{(even) a fine hair (of)} \u00b7 {is not having} \u2192<\/span> [is not having even a little]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u7121<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> is used in 1 Corinthians 13:3 in the current version of the Mandarin NWT<\/i> Bible to correspond to \u201cat all\u201d, which is used in that verse in the current version of the English NWT<\/i> Bible:<\/p>\n

English<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\nAnd if I give all my belongings to feed others, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, but do not have love, I do not benefit at all.<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin (WOL<\/a>, P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus<\/a>):<\/p>\n

\n\n\t\t\t\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tW\u01d2<\/span>\n\t\t\t(I<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6211)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tji\u00f9su\u00e0n<\/span>\n\t\t\t(ji\u00f9\u00b7su\u00e0n\n\t\t\t{even if} \u00b7 {figuring \u2192<\/span> [considering]}<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5c31\u7b97)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tbi\u00e0nm\u00e0i<\/span>\n\t\t\t(bi\u00e0n\u00b7m\u00e0i\n\t\t\tchanging \u00b7 sell \u2192<\/span> [sell off]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u53d8\u5356\n\t\t\t\u8b8a\u8ce3<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\ty\u00edqi\u00e8<\/span>\n\t\t\t(y\u00ed\u00b7qi\u00e8\n\t\t\t{one (whole)} \u00b7 {corresponding (set of)} \u2192<\/span> [all]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e00\u5207)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tc\u00e1iw\u00f9<\/span>\n\t\t\t(c\u00e1i\u00b7w\u00f9\n\t\t\twealth \u00b7 things \u2192<\/span> [belongings]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8d22\u7269\n\t\t\t\u8ca1\u7269<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\n\t\t\tr\u00e0ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t({to allow}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8ba9\n\t\t\t\u8b93<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tr\u00e9n<\/span>\n\t\t\t(people<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4eba)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\ty\u01d2u<\/span>\n\t\t\t({to have}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6709)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tsh\u00edw\u00f9<\/span>\n\t\t\t(sh\u00ed\u00b7w\u00f9\n\t\t\teating \u00b7 matter \u2192<\/span> [food]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u98df\u7269)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tch\u012b<\/span>\n\t\t\t({to eat}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5403\n\t\t\t\u5403\/\u55ab<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\n\t\t\th\u00e1i<\/span>\n\t\t\t(also<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8fd8\n\t\t\t\u9084<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tsh\u011bsh\u0113n<\/span>\n\t\t\t(sh\u011b\u00b7sh\u0113n\n\t\t\t{give up} \u00b7 {(my) body}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u820d\u8eab\n\t\t\t\u6368\u8eab<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tju\u0101nq\u016b<\/span>\n\t\t\t(ju\u0101n\u00b7q\u016b\n\t\t\t{relinquish \u2192<\/span> [contribute]}<\/span> \u00b7 {(my) human body}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6350\u8eaf\n\t\t\t\u6350\u8ec0<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\n\t\t\ty\u01d0c\u01d0<\/span>\n\t\t\t(y\u01d0\u00b7c\u01d0\n\t\t\tusing \u00b7 this<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4ee5\u6b64)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tz\u00ecku\u0101<\/span>\n\t\t\t(z\u00ec\u00b7ku\u0101\n\t\t\t{(about) self} \u00b7 {to boast}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u81ea\u5938\n\t\t\t\u81ea\u8a87<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\n\t\t\tqu\u00e8<\/span>\n\t\t\t(but<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5374\n\t\t\t\u537b<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tm\u00e9iy\u01d2u<\/span>\n\t\t\t(m\u00e9i\u00b7y\u01d2u\n\t\t\tnot \u00b7 {do have}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6ca1\u6709\n\t\t\t\u6c92\u6709<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\u00e0i<\/span>\n\t\t\t(love<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7231\n\t\t\t\u611b<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\n\t\t\tzh\u00e8<\/span>\n\t\t\t(this<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8fd9\n\t\t\t\u9019<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tdu\u00ec<\/span>\n\t\t\t(towards \u2192<\/span> [to]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5bf9\n\t\t\t\u5c0d<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tw\u01d2<\/span>\n\t\t\t(me<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6211)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\ty\u011b<\/span>\n\t\t\t(even<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e5f)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\th\u00e1ow\u00fa<\/span>\n\t\t\t(h\u00e1o\u00b7w\u00fa\n\t\t\t{(even) a fine hair (of)} \u00b7 {does not have} \u2192<\/span> [does not have even a little]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u7121<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\n\t\t\ty\u00ecchu<\/span>\n\t\t\t(y\u00ec\u00b7chu\n\t\t\tbeneficial \u00b7 place \u2192<\/span> [benefit]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u76ca\u5904\n\t\t\t\u76ca\u8655<\/span>)<\/span>.\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Having a Word, or Not<\/h4>\n

While the WOL puts a space between \u201ch\u00e1o<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({[(even) a] fine hair [(of)]} | milli-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> and \u201cw\u00fa<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({not having}; without; none; no | nothing<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u7121\/\u65e0<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> the dictionaries I have checked all treat this expression as one word, with no space between the two morphemes. So, that is how P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material renders \u201ch\u00e1ow\u00fa<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(h\u00e1o\u00b7w\u00fa\n\t\t\t{(even) a fine hair (of)} \u00b7 {is not having} \u2192<\/span> [is not having even a little]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u65e0\n\t\t\t\u6beb\u7121<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d.<\/i><\/p>\n

There seems to be a tendency in typical modern P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> to render many two-morpheme expressions this way, combined into single words. With P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material, I have so far decided to go along with this common practice, since the resulting expressions are still relatively easy to read. However, I am not so accepting of extending this common practice to combining three, four, or even more morphemes into single words, with no spaces or even hyphens in them. Doing so produces long, undifferentiated strings of characters that are hard to parse, and thus hard to read and reason on. So, I have decided to generally break up such long expressions into one- or two-morpheme words separated by hyphens or spaces, depending on the situation.<\/p>\n

For example, compare \u201cb\u00ecb\u00f9k\u011bsh\u01ceo<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(b\u00ec\u00b7b\u00f9\u00b7k\u011b\u00b7sh\u01ceo\n\t\t\tcertainly \u00b7 not \u00b7 {can; is able; could | may} \u00b7 {be missing}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> with \u201cb\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(certainly<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5fc5)<\/span>\u2010b\u00f9k\u011b<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(b\u00f9\u00b7k\u011b\n\t\t\tnot \u00b7 {can; is able; could | may} \u2192<\/span> [cannot; is not able; could not | may not]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e0d\u53ef)<\/span>\u2010sh\u01ceo<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({[be] few; little} | {[be] less} | lack; {be deficient} | lose; {be missing}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5c11)<\/span>\u201d.<\/i> While some of the few P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> traditionalists in existence may object to it, I think the latter rendering is much easier to read and reason on, so that is how P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material now renders this expression\u2014one of the few good things about how commonly used P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> is not<\/em> is that there is not really much established P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> tradition or common practice to be<\/em> \u201ctrampled\u201d on, allowing for more leeway for exploring beneficial innovations, compared to the situations with relatively ossified and hidebound writing systems like Chinese characters, or even the modern English writing system.<\/p>\n

As for the PRC government\u2019s official national standard for P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> orthography<\/a>, with the designation GB\/T 16159-2012, as discussed in the MEotW post<\/a> on \u201cdi\u01cenli\u00e0ng<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(di\u01cen\u00b7li\u00e0ng\n\t\t\t{dot \u2192 [light (v<\/i>); ignite]} \u00b7 {to be bright} [\u2192 [illuminate; shine light on]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u70b9\u4eae\n\t\t\t\u9ede\u4eae<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> this is at most a set of recommendations<\/em> that is not legally binding or anything like that, even in China itself.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] I have long […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,19,108,15],"tags":[232,22,25,235,26,237,234,76,29,78,236,233,79,296,136,77,74,126],"class_list":["post-5083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-language-learning","category-technology","category-theocratic","tag-1-corinthians-13","tag-china","tag-chinese-characters","tag-dark-mode","tag-english","tag-love","tag-noir","tag-orthography","tag-pinyin","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-pride","tag-safari","tag-standards","tag-tradition","tag-usage-examples","tag-watchtower-online-library","tag-word-separation","tag-writing-systems"],"yoast_head":"\nh\u00e1ow\u00fa - 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