{"id":4210,"date":"2023-11-26T23:42:14","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T07:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=4210"},"modified":"2024-03-10T15:43:43","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T22:43:43","slug":"kongbu-huodong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/11\/26\/kongbu-huodong\/","title":{"rendered":"k\u01d2ngb\u00f9 hu\u00f3d\u00f2ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">k\u01d2ngb\u00f9 hu\u00f3d\u00f2ng<sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((k\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">fearing \u00b7 terror \u2192 [terrorist]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)\n\t\t\t(hu\u00f3\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">living \u00b7 moving \u2192 [activities]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[terrorism; terrorist activities]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%);\"> \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>\n<\/h3>\n\n<p>[<strong>Notes:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%)\">Tap\/click on a <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span><span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; <span style=\"color: hsl(45, 85%, 40%)\">tap\/click on a <\/span><span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> <span style=\"color: hsl(45, 85%, 40%)\">or its <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> <span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \u2795 icons mean <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <strong>Reveal All<\/strong>, <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> <strong>Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \u2795 <strong>Reveal + Symbols<\/strong> re all the <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n<p>With what\u2019s currently going on in the world, at the time of this writing, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\" title=\"Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses\u2014Official Website: jw.org\">jw.org<\/a> was featuring the article \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/en\/library\/series\/more-topics\/end-of-terrorism\/\" title=\"Will Terrorism Ever End? The Root Cause of Terrorism Explained in the Bible\">Will Terrorism Ever End?<\/a>\u201d. Where the English version of this article uses the word \u201cterrorism\u201d, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jw.org\/cmn-hans\/%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86\/%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97\/%E6%9B%B4%E5%A4%9A%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E8%AF%9D%E9%A2%98\/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2\/\" title=\"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u6050\u6016\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1f\u6050\u6016\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f1a\u6709\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u5417\uff1f\">Mandarin version<\/a> uses this week\u2019s MEotW, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201ck\u01d2ngb\u00f9 hu\u00f3d\u00f2ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((k\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">fearing \u00b7 terror \u2192 [terrorist]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)\n\t\t\t(hu\u00f3\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">living \u00b7 moving \u2192 [activities]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[terrorism; terrorist activities]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d.<\/i> For example, the titles of the English and Mandarin versions of the article are rendered as follows:<\/p>\n<p>English:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nWill <strong>Terrorism<\/strong> Ever End?\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mandarin:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plusParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal All\" class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span onclick=\"advParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal Advanced\" class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> <span onclick=\"minusParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal None\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<strong>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">K\u01d2ngb\u00f9 Hu\u00f3d\u00f2ng<sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((K\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Fearing \u00b7 Terror \u2192 [Terrorist]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)\n\t\t\t(Hu\u00f3\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Living \u00b7 Moving \u2192 [Activities]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Terrorism]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">Hu\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">Will<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4f1a\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6703<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">Y\u01d2u<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\"> \n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">Have<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u6709)<\/span> \n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">Zh\u014dngzh\u01d0<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(Zh\u014dng\u00b7zh\u01d0\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">Ending \u00b7 Stopping<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7ec8\u6b62\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u7d42\u6b62<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">de<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\"> \n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">\u2019s<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u7684)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">Y\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\"> \n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">One<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u4e00)<\/span> \n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">Ti\u0101n<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">Sky \u2192<\/span> [Day]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5929)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">Ma<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\"> \n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">[<i>? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions<\/i>]<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u5417 \n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u55ce<\/span>)<\/span>?\n\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Morphemic Breakdown<\/h4>\n<p>In <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201ck\u01d2ngb\u00f9 hu\u00f3d\u00f2ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((k\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">fearing \u00b7 terror \u2192 [terrorist]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)\n\t\t\t(hu\u00f3\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">living \u00b7 moving \u2192 [activities]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[terrorism; terrorist activities]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201ck\u01d2ngb\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(k\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">fearing \u00b7 terror | terrifying \u00b7 frightening [\u2192 [terror; horror | horrible | terrorist <i>(adj)<\/i>]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is made up of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morpheme\" title=\"Morpheme - Wikipedia\">morphemes<\/a> that literally mean \u201cfearing\u201d and \u201cterror\u201d, and that together effectively mean \u201cterrorist\u201d (used as an adjective) in this context. Another expression in which <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201ck\u01d2ngb\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(k\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">fearing \u00b7 terror | terrifying \u00b7 frightening [\u2192 [terror; horror | horrible | terrorist <i>(adj)<\/i>]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> is used this way is <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201ck\u01d2ngb\u00f9 f\u00e8nz\u01d0<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((k\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">fearing \u00b7 terror \u2192 [terrorist]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)\n\t\t\t(f\u00e8n\u00b7z\u01d0\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{component; part; portion (of a whole)} \u00b7 person \u2192 [member (of a class or group)]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5206\u5b50)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[terrorist (person)]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> which means \u201cterrorist\u201d, that is, a person who is a terrorist.<\/p>\n<p>As for <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201chu\u00f3d\u00f2ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(hu\u00f3\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">living \u00b7 moving \u2192<\/span> [activities] | <span class=\"lit\">{to be living \u2192<\/span> [to be moving]<span class=\"lit\">}<\/span> \u00b7 {to move}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> its morphemes literally mean \u201cliving\u201d and \u201cmoving\u201d, and, in the context of <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201ck\u01d2ngb\u00f9 hu\u00f3d\u00f2ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((k\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">fearing \u00b7 terror \u2192 [terrorist]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)\n\t\t\t(hu\u00f3\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">living \u00b7 moving \u2192 [activities]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[terrorism; terrorist activities]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> together they effectively mean \u201cactivities\u201d. On one level of literalness, then, <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201ck\u01d2ngb\u00f9 hu\u00f3d\u00f2ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((k\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00f9\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">fearing \u00b7 terror \u2192 [terrorist]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6050\u6016)\n\t\t\t(hu\u00f3\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">living \u00b7 moving \u2192 [activities]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[terrorism; terrorist activities]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d<\/i> means \u201cterrorist activities\u201d. From there, it\u2019s easy to see how it came to correspond with \u201cterrorism\u201d.<\/p>\n<h4>Mandarin -isms<\/h4>\n<p>\u201cTerrorism\u201d is but one of the world\u2019s many <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/-ism\" title=\"-ism - Wikipedia\">-isms<\/a>. Below are some other Mandarin expressions, besides <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201chu\u00f3d\u00f2ng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(hu\u00f3\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">living \u00b7 moving \u2192<\/span> [activities] | <span class=\"lit\">{to be living \u2192<\/span> [to be moving]<span class=\"lit\">}<\/span> \u00b7 {to move}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6d3b\u52a8\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> used to construct the Mandarin equivalents of various English -isms, along with examples of them in use:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t<strong><span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>zh\u01d4y\u00ec<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(zh\u01d4\u00b7y\u00ec\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">master \u00b7 meaning \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[doctrine; ideology; -ism]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e3b\u4e49\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>gu\u00f3ji\u0101 zh\u01d4y\u00ec<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((gu\u00f3\u00b7ji\u0101\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">nation \u00b7 family \u2192 [nation]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u56fd\u5bb6\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u570b\u5bb6<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(zh\u01d4\u00b7y\u00ec\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">master \u00b7 meaning \u2192 [-ism]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e3b\u4e49\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[nationalism]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>zh\u01d2ngz\u00fa zh\u01d4y\u00ec<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((zh\u01d2ng\u00b7z\u00fa\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">kind \u00b7 race \u2192 [race]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u79cd\u65cf\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u7a2e\u65cf<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(zh\u01d4\u00b7y\u00ec\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">master \u00b7 meaning \u2192 [-ism]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e3b\u4e49\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[racism; ethnocentrism]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>chu\u00e1nt\u01d2ng zh\u01d4y\u00ec<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((chu\u00e1n\u00b7t\u01d2ng\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">{passed on} \u00b7 {gathered together (things) \u2192 [interconnected system]} \u2192 [tradition]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4f20\u7edf\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u50b3\u7d71<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(zh\u01d4\u00b7y\u00ec\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">master \u00b7 meaning \u2192 [-ism]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e3b\u4e49\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u4e3b\u7fa9<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[traditionalism]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n\t<strong><span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>l\u00f9n<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"lit\">discussing \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[theory; doctrine; -ism | view; opinion]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8bba\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>w\u00fash\u00e9n l\u00f9n<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((w\u00fa\u00b7sh\u00e9n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">no \u00b7 God<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u65e0\u795e\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u7121\u795e<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(l\u00f9n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">discussing \u2192 [-ism]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8bba\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u8ad6<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[atheism]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>b\u00f9k\u011bzh\u012b l\u00f9n<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((b\u00f9\u00b7k\u011b\u00b7zh\u012b\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">not \u00b7 can \u00b7 {be known} \u2192 [[is] unknowable]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5)\n\t\t\t(l\u00f9n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">discussing \u2192 [-ism]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8bba\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u8ad6<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[agnosticism]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n\t<strong><span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>j\u012bngsh\u00e9n<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t(<span class=\"mt\">spirit [\u2192 [mind; mental state; psycho-; -ism]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7cbe\u795e)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u0100 Q j\u012bngsh\u00e9n<\/i><sup class=\"plus\">+<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((\u0100\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\"><i>[pref indicating familiarity]<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u963f)\n\t\t\t(Q)\n\t\t\t(j\u012bngsh\u00e9n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">spirit \u2192 [-ism]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7cbe\u795e)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Ah Q-ism; self-deception and rationalization as a coping mechanism, involving viewing personal and societal failures as \u201cspiritual\/moral victories\u201d <i>(\u0100 Q<\/i> is the protagonist of <i>\u0100 Q Zh\u00e8ngzhu\u00e0n (The True Story of Ah Q)<\/i>, by <i>L\u01d4 X\u00f9n)<\/i>]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Ah Q<\/h4>\n<p>To provide some background for <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u201c\u0100 Q j\u012bngsh\u00e9n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((\u0100\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\"><i>[pref indicating familiarity]<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u963f)\n\t\t\t(Q)\n\t\t\t(j\u012bngsh\u00e9n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">spirit \u2192 [-ism]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7cbe\u795e)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Ah Q-ism; self-deception and rationalization as a coping mechanism, involving viewing personal and societal failures as \u201cspiritual\/moral victories\u201d <i>(\u0100 Q<\/i> is the protagonist of <i>\u0100 Q Zh\u00e8ngzhu\u00e0n (The True Story of Ah Q)<\/i>, by <i>L\u01d4 X\u00f9n)<\/i>]<\/span>)<\/span><i>\u201d,<\/i> <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>\u0100 Q<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((\u0100\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\"><i>[pref indicating familiarity]<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u963f)\n\t\t\t(Q)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[protagonist of <i>\u0100 Q Zh\u00e8ngzhu\u00e0n (The True Story of Ah Q)<\/i>, by <i>L\u01d4 X\u00f9n<\/i>]<\/span>)<\/span> is the protagonist of <i><span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">\u0100 Q Zh\u00e8ngzhu\u00e0n<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((\u0100\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\"><span style=\"font-style: normal\">[pref indicating familiarity]<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u963f)\n\t\t\t(Q\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Q\u2019s<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u00e8ng\u00b7zhu\u00e0n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Correct \u00b7 Story \u2192 [True Story]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6b63\u4f20\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6b63\u50b3<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\"><span style=\"font-style: normal\">[The True Story of Ah Q<\/span> (novella by <span style=\"font-style: normal\">L\u01d4 X\u00f9n;<\/span> considered the first work written in Vernacular Chinese)]<\/span>)<\/span><\/i> <i>(The True Story of Ah Q),<\/i> a novella by <span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\"><i>L\u01d4 X\u00f9n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((L\u01d4\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">Stupid; Rash (<i>surname<\/i>)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9c81\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u9b6f<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(X\u00f9n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">Fast; Quick; Swift<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8fc5)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"mt\">(pen name of <i>Zh\u014du Sh\u00f9r\u00e9n<\/i>, the greatest Chinese writer of the 20th cent. and a strong advocate of alphabetic writing)<\/span>)<\/span><i>,<\/i> who is considered the greatest Chinese writer of the 20th century, and who was a strong advocate of alphabetic writing for China. Regarding <i><span onclick=\"plus(this)\" class=\"hand\">\u0100 Q Zh\u00e8ngzhu\u00e0n<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n\t\t\t((\u0100\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\"><span style=\"font-style: normal\">[pref indicating familiarity]<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\u963f)\n\t\t\t(Q\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Q\u2019s<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(Zh\u00e8ng\u00b7zhu\u00e0n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">Correct \u00b7 Story \u2192 [True Story]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6b63\u4f20\n\t\t\t<span class=\"trad\">\u6b63\u50b3<\/span>)\n\t\t\t<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\"><span style=\"font-style: normal\">[The True Story of Ah Q<\/span> (novella by <span style=\"font-style: normal\">L\u01d4 X\u00f9n;<\/span> considered the first work written in Vernacular Chinese)]<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_True_Story_of_Ah_Q\" title=\"The True Story of Ah Q - Wikipedia\">Wikipedia<\/a> provides this summary of how this literary work is viewed:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nThe piece is generally held to be a masterpiece of modern Chinese literature, since it is considered the first piece of work to fully utilize <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Written_vernacular_Chinese\" title=\"Written vernacular Chinese - Wikipedia\">Vernacular Chinese<\/a> after the 1919 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/May_Fourth_Movement\" title=\"May Fourth Movement - Wikipedia\">May 4th Movement<\/a> in China.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_True_Story_of_Ah_Q#cite_note-Luo-1\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \u2795 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \u2795 Reveal + Symbols re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] With what\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[36,61,98],"tags":[369,367,342,37,346,119,23,371,143,366,368,134,136,404,370],"class_list":["post-4210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","category-history","tag-a-q","tag-a-q-zhengzhuan","tag-alphabetic-writing","tag-chinese-culture","tag-gaza-israel-conflict","tag-jw-org","tag-lu-xun","tag-may-fourth-movement","tag-related-expressions","tag-terrorism","tag-the-true-story-of-ah-q","tag-ukraine-war","tag-usage-examples","tag-war","tag-written-vernacular-chinese"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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