{"id":4121,"date":"2023-11-12T18:53:57","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T02:53:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=4121"},"modified":"2024-03-10T15:47:20","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T22:47:20","slug":"baixing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/11\/12\/baixing\/","title":{"rendered":"b\u01ceix\u00ecng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tb\u01ceix\u00ecng<\/span>\n(b\u01cei\u00b7x\u00ecng\n{hundred \u2192 [all]} \u00b7 surnames \u2192<\/span> [common people | all existing surnames]<\/span>\n\u767e\u59d3)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

With the deadly shooting wars now being fought in places like Israel and Ukraine, jw.org<\/a> recently featured an article with the following title:<\/p>\n

English<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\nWho Will Save the Civilians<\/strong>?\u2014What Does the Bible Say?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nZh\u00e0nhu\u01d2<\/span>\n(Zh\u00e0n\u00b7hu\u01d2\nWar \u00b7 Fire \u2192<\/span> [Flames of War]<\/span>\n\u6218\u706b\n\u6230\u706b<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nW\u00faq\u00edng<\/span>\n(W\u00fa\u00b7q\u00edng\n{Not Having} \u00b7 Feeling \u2192<\/span> [Being Heartless]<\/span>\n\u65e0\u60c5\n\u7121\u60c5<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\nSh\u00e9i<\/span>\n(Who<\/span>\n\u8c01\n\u8ab0<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nL\u00e1i<\/span>\n({Will Come}<\/span>\n\u6765\n\u4f86<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nZh\u011bngji\u00f9<\/span>\n({to Save}<\/span>\n\u62ef\u6551)<\/span>\n\nW\u00fag\u016b<\/span>\n(W\u00fa\u00b7g\u016b\nWithout \u00b7 Guilt \u2192<\/span> [Innocent]<\/span>\n\u65e0\u8f9c\n\u7121\u8f9c<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\n\nB\u01ceix\u00ecng<\/span>\n(B\u01cei\u00b7x\u00ecng\n{Hundred \u2192 [All]} \u00b7 Surnames \u2192<\/span> [Common People]<\/span>\n\u767e\u59d3)<\/span>?\n<\/strong>\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This week\u2019s MEotW is the last word in the above Mandarin title, \u201cb\u01ceix\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(b\u01cei\u00b7x\u00ecng\n{hundred \u2192 [all]} \u00b7 surnames \u2192<\/span> [common people | all existing surnames]<\/span>\n\u767e\u59d3)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> which corresponds to \u201ccivilians\u201d, or \u201ccommon people\u201d. And, as the Wikipedia page<\/a> for this expression says:<\/p>\n

\nThe word \u201clao\u201d (Chinese: \u8001; lit. \u2018old\u2019) is often added as a prefix before \u201cbaixing\u201d.[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Origins?<\/h4>\n

\u201cB\u01ceix\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(B\u01cei\u00b7x\u00ecng\n{hundred \u2192 [all]} \u00b7 surnames \u2192<\/span> [common people | all existing surnames]<\/span>\n\u767e\u59d3)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> literally means \u201chundred surnames\u201d. Regarding how a hundred surnames came to represent the people of China, the above-mentioned Wikipedia article claims:<\/p>\n

\nA confederation of tribes living along the Yellow River were the ancestors of what later became the Han ethnic group in China.[source]<\/a><\/sup>[source]<\/a><\/sup> Several large tribes, including the Huangdi tribes (Chinese: \u9ec4\u5e1d\u65cf), Yandi tribes (Chinese: \u708e\u5e1d\u65cf), and the Yi tribes, formed an alliance that consisted of roughly 100 tribes. This alliance is the origin of the baixing () or the \u201chundred surnames.\u201d<\/p>\n

Around 2,000 Han Chinese surnames are currently in use, but 19 of these surnames are used by about half of the Han Chinese people. About 87% of the population shares 100 surnames.[source]<\/a><\/sup>[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Logically, as the population of the grouping of tribes that eventually became China grew, for a time there were fewer than one hundred surnames, for a relatively brief time there were exactly one hundred surnames, and then there were over a hundred surnames. Whether the particular claim above about there having been about a hundred early tribes is accurate, somewhere along the line, the idea may have taken root that one hundred surnames were generally representative of the people of China, especially if it\u2019s true, as claimed above, that a hundred surnames covers about 87% of China\u2019s population.<\/p>\n

Another possibility is that the \u201cb\u01cei<\/i><\/span>\n(hundred [\u2192 [numerous; all [kinds of]]]<\/span>\n\u767e)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cb\u01ceix\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(b\u01cei\u00b7x\u00ecng\n{hundred \u2192 [all]} \u00b7 surnames \u2192<\/span> [common people | all existing surnames]<\/span>\n\u767e\u59d3)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> is used to effectively mean \u201call\u201d, like it does in \u201cb\u01ceiw\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n(b\u01cei\u00b7w\u00f9\n{hundred \u2192<\/span> [all]}<\/span> \u00b7 things<\/span>\n\u767e\u7269)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>. A similar expression is \u201cw\u00e0nw\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u00e0n\u00b7w\u00f9\n{ten thousand \u2192<\/span> [all]}<\/span> \u00b7 things<\/span>\n\u4e07\u7269\n\u842c\u7269<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> in which \u201cw\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n({ten thousand} [\u2192 [all; a very great number of]]<\/span>\n\u4e07\n\u842c\/\u4e07<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which literally means \u201cten thousand\u201d, is used to mean \u201call\u201d, or \u201ca very great number of\u201d.<\/p>\n

Either way, as we can see from the above Mandarin jw.org<\/a> article title, besides being used to refer to the common people of China, \u201cb\u01ceix\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(b\u01cei\u00b7x\u00ecng\n{hundred \u2192 [all]} \u00b7 surnames \u2192<\/span> [common people | all existing surnames]<\/span>\n\u767e\u59d3)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> is now also used to refer to the common people of other nations as well.<\/p>\n

The Book of Family Surnames<\/h4>\n

The expression \u201cb\u01ceix\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(b\u01cei\u00b7x\u00ecng\n{hundred \u2192 [all]} \u00b7 surnames \u2192<\/span> [common people | all existing surnames]<\/span>\n\u767e\u59d3)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> is apparently referenced in the title of the classic Chinese text \nB\u01ceiji\u0101 X\u00ecng<\/span>\n((B\u01cei\u00b7ji\u0101\n{Hundred \u2192 [Many; Various; All]} \u00b7 Families\u2019<\/span>\n\u767e\u5bb6)\n(X\u00ecng\nSurnames<\/span>\n\u59d3)\n\u2192<\/span> [Hundred Family Surnnames\/The Book of Family Names (classic Chinese text listing common Chinese surnames)]<\/span>)<\/span>,\n<\/i> which is the subject of the following summary from Wikipedia<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\nThe Hundred Family Surnames<\/i><\/b> (Chinese: \u767e\u5bb6\u59d3), commonly known as Bai Jia Xing<\/i><\/b>,[source]<\/a><\/sup> also translated as Hundreds of Chinese Surnames<\/i><\/b>,[source]<\/a><\/sup> is a classic Chinese text composed of common Chinese surnames. An unknown author compiled the book during the Song dynasty (960\u20131279).[source]<\/a><\/sup> The book lists 507 surnames.[source]<\/a><\/sup> Of these, 441 are single-character surnames and 66 are double-character surnames.[source]<\/a><\/sup> About 800 names have been derived from the original ones.[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

In the dynasties following the Song, the 13th-century Three Character Classic<\/i>, the Hundred Family Surnames<\/i>, and the 6th-century Thousand Character Classic<\/i> came to be known as San Bai Qian<\/i> (Three, Hundred, Thousand), from the first character in their titles. They served as instructional books for children,[source]<\/a><\/sup> becoming the almost universal introductory literary texts for students (almost exclusively boys) from elite backgrounds and even for a number of ordinary villagers.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"An
\"Creative<\/a>
An example of the Chinese poem \u201cHundred Family Surnames\u201d written in Chinese characters and in \u02bcPhags-pa script (For more information on the \u02bcPhags-pa script, see the MEotW post<\/a> on \u201ccu\u00f2<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({[is] alternating; staggered} [\u2192 [[is] wrong; mistaken; incorrect; erroneous | missed | grinding; rubbing | moving to the side | mistake; error; blunder [\u2192 [fault]]]] | {[is] interlocked and jagged} [\u2192 [intricate]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9519\n\t\t\t\u932f<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d.)<\/i><\/p>\n

Help for Dealing With the Easily-Offended?<\/h4>\n

Years ago, in the door-to-door work, I called on a Chinese man who had a double-character surname. Being a Chinese person who had grown up in Canada and who had not even heard of Q\u00edn Sh\u01d0hu\u00e1ng<\/i><\/span>\n((Q\u00edn\n{Qin (dynasty)}<\/span>\n\u79e6)\n(Sh\u01d0\u00b7hu\u00e1ng\nBeginning \u00b7 Emperor<\/span>\n\u59cb\u7687)\n(the founder of the Q\u00edn<\/i> dynasty and the first emperor of China)<\/span>)<\/span> until I saw a movie about this remarkable historical figure<\/a> when I was an adult, I was not familiar with the background of the relatively rare double-character surnames, so I innocently asked him about it. However, rather than being flattered by the interest and politely enlightening me, he chose to be offended that I didn\u2019t know something about his background and culture that he had known since his childhood and just\u2014unhelpfully\u2014said something like, \u2018Don’t you know about the history of China?\u2019<\/p>\n

Well, dear reader, after learning of \nB\u01ceiji\u0101 X\u00ecng<\/span>\n((B\u01cei\u00b7ji\u0101\n{Hundred \u2192 [Many; Various; All]} \u00b7 Families\u2019<\/span>\n\u767e\u5bb6)\n(X\u00ecng\nSurnames<\/span>\n\u59d3)\n\u2192<\/span> [Hundred Family Surnnames\/The Book of Family Names (classic Chinese text listing common Chinese surnames)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> and the double-character surnames in it, perhaps you may be spared a similarly dreary experience in the ministry. (Since we seek to reach everyone in our territories, we can end up meeting all kinds of people, like Jesus did. Some of them may be proud, petty, and unpleasant, but then again, some of them may be sheeplike, hungry for the truth, and appreciative of our imperfect efforts.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] With the deadly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,61,98,16],"tags":[345,22,25,350,346,348,349,273,119,78,259,143,134,136,404,126,267],"class_list":["post-4121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","category-history","category-names","tag-baijia-xing","tag-china","tag-chinese-characters","tag-double-character-surnames","tag-gaza-israel-conflict","tag-han-ethnic-group","tag-huaxia","tag-hundred-family-surnames","tag-jw-org","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-qin-shihuang","tag-related-expressions","tag-ukraine-war","tag-usage-examples","tag-war","tag-writing-systems","tag-phags-pa-script"],"yoast_head":"\nb\u01ceix\u00ecng - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/11\/12\/baixing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"b\u01ceix\u00ecng - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] With the deadly […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/11\/12\/baixing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-13T02:53:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-10T22:47:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/img\/Shilin_Guangji_Phagspa_Hundred_Family_Surnames.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/12\\\/baixing\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/12\\\/baixing\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiandi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/86583c7b099e090dfeb296aa818abb57\"},\"headline\":\"b\u01ceix\u00ecng\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-13T02:53:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-10T22:47:20+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/12\\\/baixing\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1164,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/12\\\/baixing\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/img\\\/Shilin_Guangji_Phagspa_Hundred_Family_Surnames.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"B\u01ceiji\u0101 X\u00ecng\",\"China\",\"Chinese Characters\",\"Double-Character Surnames\",\"Gaza-Israel Conflict\",\"Han Ethnic Group\",\"Hu\u00e1xi\u00e0\",\"Hundred Family Surnames\",\"jw.org\",\"P\u012bny\u012bn Plus\",\"Q\u00edn Sh\u01d0hu\u00e1ng\",\"Related Expressions\",\"Ukraine War\",\"Usage Examples\",\"War\",\"Writing Systems\",\"\u02bcPhags-pa Script\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\",\"Current Events\",\"History\",\"Names\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/12\\\/baixing\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/12\\\/baixing\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/12\\\/baixing\\\/\",\"name\":\"b\u01ceix\u00ecng - 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