{"id":3960,"date":"2023-09-27T20:02:14","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T03:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3960"},"modified":"2024-06-29T19:23:44","modified_gmt":"2024-06-30T02:23:44","slug":"tubian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/09\/27\/tubian\/","title":{"rendered":"t\u016bbi\u00e0n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tt\u016bbi\u00e0n<\/span>\n(t\u016b\u00b7bi\u00e0n\n{chimney \u2192 [dashing forward] \u2192 [sudden[ly]; unexpected[ly]]} \u00b7 changing [\u2192 [mutation]]<\/span>\n\u7a81\u53d8\n\u7a81\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

The \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng L\u00e1iz\u00ec Chu\u00e0ngz\u00e0o Ma?<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(L\u00e1i\u00b7z\u00ec\nCame \u00b7 From<\/span>\n\u6765\u81ea\n\u4f86\u81ea<\/span>)\n(Chu\u00e0ng\u00b7z\u00e0o\nInitiating \u00b7 {Making, Creating} \u2192 [Creating]<\/span>\n\u521b\u9020\n\u5275\u9020<\/span>)\n(Ma\n[? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions]<\/span><\/span>\n\u5417\n\u55ce<\/span>)?\n\u2192<\/span> [Was Life Created? (lc)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (Was Life Created? (lc))<\/i> brochure and the \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng de Q\u01d0yu\u00e1n\u2014Zh\u00edde S\u012bk\u01ceo de W\u01d4 Ge W\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(Q\u01d0\u00b7yu\u00e1n\n{Rising \u2192 [Starting]} \u00b7 Source \u2192 [Origin]<\/span>\n\u8d77\u6e90\/\u539f)\u2014(Zh\u00ed\u00b7de\nWorth \u00b7 Getting \u2192 [Worth]<\/span>\n\u503c\u5f97)\n(S\u012b\u00b7k\u01ceo\n{Thinking About} \u00b7 Examining<\/span>\n\u601d\u8003)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(W\u01d4\nFive<\/span>\n\u4e94)\n(Ge\n[mw]<\/span><\/span>\n\u4e2a\n\u500b\/\u4e2a<\/span>)\n(W\u00e8n\u00b7t\u00ed\nAsking \u00b7 Subjects \u2192 [Questions]<\/span>\n\u95ee\u9898\n\u554f\u984c<\/span>)\n\u2192<\/span> [The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf))<\/i> brochure were originally published back in 2010, but recently, the English version of the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. Also, the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure and the Origin of Life<\/i> brochure are now in the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app. So, it would be good to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of these publications that can be so helpful when discussing whether life was created.<\/p>\n

Myth 1<\/h4>\n

This week\u2019s MEotW, which appears several times in the Mandarin Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure, is \u201ct\u016bbi\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(t\u016b\u00b7bi\u00e0n\n{chimney \u2192 [dashing forward] \u2192 [sudden[ly]; unexpected[ly]]} \u00b7 changing [\u2192 [mutation]]<\/span>\n\u7a81\u53d8\n\u7a81\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which is used to translate \u201cmutation\u201d. What is mutation? The English word \u201cmutation\u201d comes from a Latin word that means \u201cto change\u201d, so \u201ca mutation\u201d is basically a fancy way of saying \u201ca change\u201d, continuing a long tradtion in English of deriving words from Latin to represent scientific concepts (and computer programming concepts<\/a>, etc.) that could be represented more simply with more common, already-existing English words. Wikipedia\u2019s article on mutation<\/a> provides this summary of how \u201cmutation\u201d is defined in the specific context of biology:<\/p>\n

\nIn biology, a mutation<\/strong> is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

So, when considering the question of evolution vs. creation, a \u201cmutation\u201d is simply a change in something\u2019s genetic code. Regarding how central mutation is to evolution theory<\/a>, the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure says<\/a> that mutation is the focus of what it calls Myth 1 about evolution:<\/p>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\nMyth 1. Mutations<\/strong> provide the raw materials needed to create new species.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nJi\u01cesh\u00e8<\/span>\n(Ji\u01ce\u00b7sh\u00e8\nArtificial \u00b7 {Setting Up} \u2192<\/span> [Hypothesis]<\/span>\n\u5047\u8bbe\n\u5047\u8a2d<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n1.\n\n\nT\u016bbi\u00e0n<\/span>\n(T\u016b\u00b7bi\u00e0n\n{chimney \u2192 [dashing forward] \u2192 [sudden]} \u00b7 changings \u2192<\/span> [mutations]<\/span>\n\u7a81\u53d8\n\u7a81\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\nn\u00e9ng<\/span>\n(can<\/span>\n\u80fd)<\/span>\n\nw\u00e8i<\/span>\n(for<\/span>\n\u4e3a\n\u70ba\/\u7232<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nx\u012bn<\/span>\n(new<\/span>\n\u65b0)<\/span>\n\nw\u00f9zh\u01d2ng<\/span>\n(w\u00f9\u00b7zh\u01d2ng\n{thing \u2192 [creature]} \u00b7 species \u2192<\/span> [species]<\/span>\n\u7269\u79cd\n\u7269\u7a2e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nx\u00edngch\u00e9ng<\/span>\n(x\u00edng\u00b7ch\u00e9ng\nforming \u00b7 {to come to be}<\/span>\n\u5f62\u6210)<\/span>\n\nt\u00edg\u014dng<\/span>\n(t\u00ed\u00b7g\u014dng\n{carry (hanging down from the hand) \u2192<\/span> [raise]}<\/span> \u00b7 provide<\/span>\n\u63d0\u4f9b)<\/span>\n\nj\u012bch\u01d4<\/span>\n(j\u012b\u00b7ch\u01d4\nfoundation \u00b7 base<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7840\n\u57fa\u790e<\/span>)<\/span>.\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

How the Expression Breaks Down<\/h4>\n

The \u201ct\u016b<\/i><\/span>\n(chimney [\u2192 [sticking out | dashing forward [\u2192 [sudden[ly]; unexpected[ly]]]]]<\/span>\n\u7a81)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201ct\u016bbi\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(t\u016b\u00b7bi\u00e0n\n{chimney \u2192 [dashing forward] \u2192 [sudden[ly]; unexpected[ly]]} \u00b7 changing [\u2192 [mutation]]<\/span>\n\u7a81\u53d8\n\u7a81\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> literally means, oddly enough, \u201cchimney\u201d. Based on this traditional literal meaning, \u201ct\u016b<\/i><\/span>\n(chimney [\u2192 [sticking out | dashing forward [\u2192 [sudden[ly]; unexpected[ly]]]]]<\/span>\n\u7a81)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> can be used to mean \u201cdashing forward\u201d, which in turn can be used to mean \u201csudden\u201d or \u201csuddenly\u201d (presumably like a chimney seems to suddenly dash forward out of the roof of a house). This is apparently the meaning that\u2019s used in \u201ct\u016bbi\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(t\u016b\u00b7bi\u00e0n\n{chimney \u2192 [dashing forward] \u2192 [sudden]} \u00b7 changing \u2192<\/span> [mutation]<\/span>\n\u7a81\u53d8\n\u7a81\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, since genetic mutations are generally not planned or expected, and thus seem, from our human point of view, to appear suddenly. Probably related to this, another expression in which \u201ct\u016b<\/i><\/span>\n(chimney [\u2192 [sticking out | dashing forward [\u2192 [sudden[ly]; unexpected[ly]]]]]<\/span>\n\u7a81)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> appears is \u201ct\u016br\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(t\u016b\u00b7r\u00e1n\n{chimney \u2192 [dashing forward] \u2192<\/span> [sudden[ly]; abrupt[ly]]}<\/span> \u00b7 {-ly | like that}<\/span>\n\u7a81\u7136)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which means \u201csuddenly; abruptly\u201d.<\/p>\n

As for the \u201cbi\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n({change; transform [into]}<\/span>\n\u53d8\n\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201ct\u016bbi\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(t\u016b\u00b7bi\u00e0n\n{chimney \u2192 [dashing forward] \u2192 [sudden[ly]; unexpected[ly]]} \u00b7 changing [\u2192 [mutation]]<\/span>\n\u7a81\u53d8\n\u7a81\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, it\u2019s a well-known expression that means \u201cchange\u201d. Another expression in which it appears is the well-known expression \u201cg\u01ceibi\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(changing<\/span>\n\u6539\u53d8\n\u6539\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>. It also occurs in the expression \u201cbi\u00e0ny\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(bi\u00e0n\u00b7y\u00ec\nchanged \u00b7 {to be different}<\/span>\n\u53d8\u5f02\n\u8b8a\u7570<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which is used in the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure, for example, in this caption of a picture in the section entitled \u201cEvolution\u200b\u2014Myths and Facts\u201d (linked to above):<\/p>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\nMutations can introduce changes<\/strong> in plants\u200b\u2014such as this mutant with large flowers\u2014\u200bbut only within limits<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nT\u016bbi\u00e0n<\/span>\n(T\u016b\u00b7bi\u00e0n\n{chimney \u2192 [dashing forward] \u2192 [sudden]} \u00b7 changings \u2192<\/span> [mutations]<\/span>\n\u7a81\u53d8\n\u7a81\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nn\u00e9ng<\/span>\n(can<\/span>\n\u80fd)<\/span>\n\nsh\u01d0<\/span>\n(cause<\/span>\n\u4f7f)<\/span>\n\nzh\u00edw\u00f9<\/span>\n(zh\u00ed\u00b7w\u00f9\nplanted \u00b7 things \u2192<\/span> [plants]<\/span>\n\u690d\u7269)<\/span>\n\nf\u0101sh\u0113ng<\/span>\n(f\u0101\u00b7sh\u0113ng\n{to issue forth} \u00b7 {to make to come to life} \u2192<\/span> [to have happen]<\/span>\n\u53d1\u751f\n\u767c\u751f<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\nbi\u00e0ny\u00ec<\/span>\n(bi\u00e0n\u00b7y\u00ec\n{being changed} \u00b7 {to be different}<\/span>\n\u53d8\u5f02\n\u8b8a\u7570<\/span>)<\/span>,\n<\/strong>\n\nl\u00ecr\u00fa<\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7r\u00fa\nexample \u00b7 like \u2192<\/span> [for example]<\/span>\n\u4f8b\u5982)<\/span>\n\nsh\u01d0<\/span>\n(causing<\/span>\n\u4f7f)<\/span>\n\nhu\u0101du\u01d2<\/span>\n(hu\u0101\u00b7du\u01d2\nflowers \u00b7 [mw for flowers, clouds, etc.<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u82b1\u6735)<\/span>\n\nzh\u01cengde<\/span>\n(zh\u01ceng\u00b7de\n{to grow} \u00b7 {to get}<\/span>\n\u957f\u5f97\n\u9577\u5f97<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nji\u00e0od\u00e0<\/span>\n(ji\u00e0o\u00b7d\u00e0\n{being compared \u2192 [comparatively]} \u00b7 {to be large} \u2192<\/span> [to be larger]<\/span>\n\u8f83\u5927\n\u8f03\u5927<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\nd\u00e0n<\/span>\n(but<\/span>\n\u4f46)<\/span>\n\n\nbi\u00e0ny\u00ec<\/span>\n(bi\u00e0n\u00b7y\u00ec\n(the) {being changed} \u00b7 {to be different}<\/span>\n\u53d8\u5f02\n\u8b8a\u7570<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\nsh\u00ec<\/span>\n(is<\/span>\n\u662f)<\/span>\n\ny\u01d2u<\/span>\n(having<\/span>\n\u6709)<\/span>\n\nj\u00faxi\u00e0n<\/span>\n(limitings \u2192<\/span> [limits]<\/span>\n\u5c40\u9650)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It\u2019s also noteworthy that \u201cbi\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n({change; transform [into]}<\/span>\n\u53d8\n\u8b8a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> occurs in \u201cbi\u00e0nzh\u01d2ng<\/i><\/span>\n(bi\u00e0n\u00b7zh\u01d2ng\nchanged \u00b7 kind; type; variety \u2192<\/span> [mutation; variant; variety | mutant]<\/span>\n\u53d8\u79cd\n\u8b8a\u7a2e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which is used in the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure to mean \u201cmutant\u201d, for example, in this caption of another picture from the section entitled \u201cEvolution\u200b\u2014Myths and Facts\u201d:<\/p>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\nMutant<\/strong> fruit flies, though malformed, are still fruit flies<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\nBi\u00e0nzh\u01d2ng<\/span>\n(Bi\u00e0n\u00b7zh\u01d2ng\nchanged \u00b7 kind \u2192<\/span> [mutant]<\/span>\n\u53d8\u79cd\n\u8b8a\u7a2e<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\ngu\u01d2y\u00edng<\/span>\n(gu\u01d2\u00b7y\u00edng\nfruit \u00b7 flies<\/span>\n\u679c\u8747\n\u679c\u8805<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nsu\u012br\u00e1n<\/span>\n(su\u012b\u00b7r\u00e1n\nalthough \u00b7 -ly<\/span>\n\u867d\u7136\n\u96d6\u7136<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nx\u00edngzhu\u00e0ng<\/span>\n(forms<\/span>\n\u5f62\u72b6\n\u5f62\u72c0<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nb\u00f9t\u00f3ng<\/span>\n(b\u00f9\u00b7t\u00f3ng\nnot \u00b7 {are the same} \u2192<\/span> [are different]<\/span>\n\u4e0d\u540c)<\/span>\n\nle<\/span>\n({to completion}<\/span>\n\u4e86)<\/span>,\n\nd\u00e0n<\/span>\n(yet<\/span>\n\u4f46)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9ngji\u00f9<\/span>\n(r\u00e9ng\u00b7ji\u00f9\nstill \u00b7 {(as in the) past}<\/span>\n\u4ecd\u65e7\n\u4ecd\u820a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00ec<\/span>\n(are<\/span>\n\u662f)<\/span>\n\ngu\u01d2y\u00edng<\/span>\n(gu\u01d2\u00b7y\u00edng\nfruit \u00b7 flies<\/span>\n\u679c\u8747\n\u679c\u8805<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

How Myth 1 Breaks Down<\/h4>\n

As just the picture captions quoted above show, Myth 1 about evolution, that mutations can power evolution, is truly a myth, not a fact. Of course, the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure contains much related information in addition to just these quoted picture captions. Indeed, the Mandarin Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure uses some interesting expressions in relation to the demonstrated erroneousness of this first myth concerning evolution. Perhaps this blog will consider one or more of these expressions in the future.<\/p>\n

\n

For convenience:<\/p>\n

The direct link for the current generation P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus resource for the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure is:<\/p>\n