{"id":3933,"date":"2023-09-20T17:06:31","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T00:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3933"},"modified":"2023-09-21T22:22:34","modified_gmt":"2023-09-22T05:22:34","slug":"huanjing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/09\/20\/huanjing\/","title":{"rendered":"hu\u00e1nj\u00ecng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\thu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/span>\n(hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nsurrounding; encircling \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) place; area] \u2192 [condition; situation; circumstances]} \u2192<\/span> [environment; surroundings; circumstances; situation; context | environmental]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

At the time of this writing, the main page of jw.org<\/a> was featuring the following headline in support of a global campaign:<\/p>\n

English<\/p>\n

\nCan the Environment<\/strong> Be Saved?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\nHu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/span>\n(Hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nSurrounding \u00b7 {(Set of) Boundaries \u2192 [(Bounded) Area] \u2192 [Situation]} \u2192<\/span> [Environmental]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\nW\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/span>\n(W\u00e8n\u00b7t\u00ed\nAsking \u00b7 Problems \u2192<\/span> [Problems]<\/span>\n\u95ee\u9898\n\u554f\u984c<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nY\u01d2u<\/span>\n({Will Have}<\/span>\n\u6709)<\/span>\n\nJi\u011bju\u00e9<\/span>\n(Ji\u011b\u00b7ju\u00e9\n{Having Been Untied \u2192 [Having Been Solved]} \u00b7 {Having Been Decided} \u2192<\/span> [Having Been Solved]<\/span>\n\u89e3\u51b3\n\u89e3\u6c7a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nY\u00ec<\/span>\n(One<\/span>\n\u4e00)<\/span>\n\nTi\u0101n<\/span>\n(Sky \u2192<\/span> [Day]<\/span>\n\u5929)<\/span>\n\nMa<\/span>\n([? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u5417\n\u55ce<\/span>)<\/span>?\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Screenshot<\/p>\n

\u201cHu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(Hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nsurrounding; encircling \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) place; area] \u2192 [condition; situation; circumstances]} \u2192<\/span> [environment; surroundings; circumstances; situation; context | environmental]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which is used in Mandarin to mean \u201cenvironment\u201d or \u201cenvironmental\u201d, is this week\u2019s MEotW.<\/p>\n

Morphemic Breakdown<\/h4>\n

How does \u201chu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nsurrounding; encircling \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) place; area] \u2192 [condition; situation; circumstances]} \u2192<\/span> [environment; surroundings; circumstances; situation; context | environmental]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> \u201cwork\u201d as an expression? Its first morpheme<\/a> \u201chu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n({(chain) link} | ring; circle | surround; encircle<\/span>\n\u73af\n\u74b0<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> refers to a \u201cring\u201d or a \u201ccircle\u201d, for example, a link in a chain. In fact, it used to be used on our organization\u2019s publications\u2019 Publishers\u2019 Pages to correspond to the \u201cpart\u201d in \u201cpart of a worldwide Bible educational work\u201d, by referring to the publication as a figurative link in a chain. An example can be seen in the screenshot below, which shows part of the Publishers\u2019 Page<\/a> for the Mandarin Bible Teach<\/i> book:<\/p>\n

\"Screenshot<\/p>\n

In the context of \u201chu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nsurrounding; encircling \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) place; area] \u2192 [condition; situation; circumstances]} \u2192<\/span> [environment; surroundings; circumstances; situation; context | environmental]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, \u201chu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n({(chain) link} | ring; circle | surround; encircle<\/span>\n\u73af\n\u74b0<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> means \u201csurrounding\u201d or \u201cencircling\u201d, like a ring or a circle around someone would be.<\/p>\n

The other morpheme, \u201cj\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n({[(set of)] boundaries; borders} [\u2192 [[(bounded)] place; area; territory] [\u2192 [condition; situation; circumstances]]]<\/span>\n\u5883)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, literally means \u201cboundary\u201d or \u201cborder\u201d, and can be used to effectively mean \u201ca set of<\/em> boundaries\/borders\u201d. This, in turn, can effectively mean \u201c(bounded) place; area; territory\u201d, which can effectively mean \u201ccondition; situation; circumstances\u201d.<\/p>\n

When the two morphemes are put together in \u201chu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nsurrounding; encircling \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) place; area] \u2192 [condition; situation; circumstances]} \u2192<\/span> [environment; surroundings; circumstances; situation; context | environmental]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, they mean something like \u201csurrounding situation\u201d, which works to mean \u201cenvironment\u201d.<\/p>\n

Another expression in which \u201cj\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n({[(set of)] boundaries; borders} [\u2192 [[(bounded)] place; area; territory] [\u2192 [condition; situation; circumstances]]]<\/span>\n\u5883)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> appears is past MEotW<\/a> \u201cy\u01d4j\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(y\u01d4\u00b7j\u00ecng\nlanguage \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) place] \u2192 [situation]} \u2192<\/span> [context]<\/span>\n\u8bed\u5883\n\u8a9e\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which means \u201clanguage situation\u201d, which means \u201ccontext\u201d, as in the textual context of a written expression, or the spoken context of something that is said. As discussed in that post and in other posts<\/a>, such context<\/em>, not characters, is the real key to dealing with the many homophones in Mandarin.<\/p>\n

Another Usage Example<\/h4>\n

Coming back to \u201chu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/i><\/span>\n(hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nsurrounding; encircling \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) place; area] \u2192 [condition; situation; circumstances]} \u2192<\/span> [environment; surroundings; circumstances; situation; context | environmental]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, the section of jw.org<\/a> currently containing the above-quoted headline links to an article (English<\/a>\/Mandarin<\/a>) that contains the nice usage example below:<\/p>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\nThe Bible speaks of a government that can and will<\/em> solve all the earth\u2019s environmental<\/strong> problems. It says that \u201cthe God of heaven will set up a kingdom,\u201d a government to administer all of earth\u2019s affairs. (Daniel 2:44<\/a>) Under that world government, people \u201cwill not cause any harm or any ruin\u201d to one another or to the earth.\u2014Isaiah 11:9<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nSh\u00e8ngj\u012bng<\/span>\n(Sh\u00e8ng\u00b7j\u012bng\n(the) Holy \u00b7 Scriptures \u2192<\/span> [the Bible]<\/span>\n\u5723\u7ecf\n\u8056\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nt\u00e1nd\u00e0o<\/span>\n(t\u00e1n\u00b7d\u00e0o\n{talks about} \u00b7 {arriving at}<\/span>\n\u8c08\u5230\n\u8ac7\u5230<\/span>)<\/span>\n\ny\u01d2u<\/span>\n({(there) is having} \u2192<\/span> [(there) is]<\/span>\n\u6709)<\/span>\n\ny\u00ed<\/span>\n(one<\/span>\n\u4e00)<\/span>\n\nge<\/span>\n([mw<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u4e2a\n\u500b\/\u4e2a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nzh\u00e8ngf\u01d4<\/span>\n(zh\u00e8ng\u00b7f\u01d4\npolitical \u00b7 {seat of government} \u2192<\/span> [government]<\/span>\n\u653f\u5e9c)<\/span>\n\n\nk\u011by\u01d0<\/span>\n(k\u011b\u00b7y\u01d0\nable \u00b7 [suf<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u53ef\u4ee5)<\/span>\n\nch\u00e8d\u01d0<\/span>\n(ch\u00e8\u00b7d\u01d0\n{penetrating to} \u00b7 bottom \u2192<\/span> [thoroughly]<\/span>\n\u5f7b\u5e95\n\u5fb9\/\u6f88\u5e95<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nji\u011bju\u00e9<\/span>\n(ji\u011b\u00b7ju\u00e9\n{to untie \u2192 [to solve]} \u00b7 {to decide} \u2192<\/span> [to solve]<\/span>\n\u89e3\u51b3\n\u89e3\u6c7a<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/em>\n\nd\u00ecqi\u00fa<\/span>\n(d\u00ec\u00b7qi\u00fa\nearth \u00b7 globe<\/span>\n\u5730\u7403)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\n\nhu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/span>\n(hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nsurrounding \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) area] \u2192 [situation]} \u2192<\/span> [environmental]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\nw\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/span>\n(w\u00e8n\u00b7t\u00ed\nasking \u00b7 problems \u2192<\/span> [problems]<\/span>\n\u95ee\u9898\n\u554f\u984c<\/span>)<\/span>.\n\nSh\u00e8ngj\u012bng<\/span>\n(Sh\u00e8ng\u00b7j\u012bng\n(the) Holy \u00b7 Scriptures \u2192<\/span> [the Bible]<\/span>\n\u5723\u7ecf\n\u8056\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nshu\u014d<\/span>\n(says<\/span>\n\u8bf4\n\u8aaa\/\u8aac<\/span>)<\/span>:\n\n\u201cTi\u0101nshang<\/span>\n(Ti\u0101n\u00b7shang\nheaven \u00b7 upon<\/span>\n\u5929\u4e0a)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nSh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span>\n\ny\u00e0o<\/span>\n(will<\/span>\n\u8981)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00e8l\u00ec<\/span>\n(sh\u00e8\u00b7l\u00ec\n{set up} \u00b7 {make to stand}<\/span>\n\u8bbe\u7acb\n\u8a2d\u7acb<\/span>)<\/span>\n\ny\u00ed<\/span>\n(one<\/span>\n\u4e00)<\/span>\n\nge<\/span>\n([mw<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u4e2a\n\u500b\/\u7b87\/\u4e2a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\ny\u01d2ngb\u00fa<\/span>\n(y\u01d2ng\u00b7b\u00fa\nforever \u00b7 not<\/span>\n\u6c38\u4e0d)<\/span>\n\nmi\u00e8w\u00e1ng<\/span>\n(mi\u00e8\u00b7w\u00e1ng\n{will be extinguished} \u00b7 {will die}<\/span>\n\u706d\u4ea1\n\u6ec5\u4ea1<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nw\u00e1nggu\u00f3<\/span>\n(w\u00e1ng\u00b7gu\u00f3\nking\u2019s \u00b7 nation \u2192<\/span> [kingdom]<\/span>\n\u738b\u56fd\n\u738b\u570b<\/span>)<\/span>.\u201d\n\n(D\u00e0ny\u01d0l\u01d0sh\u016b<\/span>\n(D\u00e0ny\u01d0l\u01d0\u00b7sh\u016b\nDaniel \u00b7 Book<\/span>\n\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u4e66\n\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u66f8<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n2:44<\/a>)\n\nZh\u00e8ige<\/span>\n(Zh\u00e8i\u00b7ge\nthis \u00b7 [mw<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\n\u9019\u500b<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nW\u00e1nggu\u00f3<\/span>\n(W\u00e1ng\u00b7gu\u00f3\nKing\u2019s \u00b7 Nation \u2192<\/span> [Kingdom]<\/span>\n\u738b\u56fd\n\u738b\u570b<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nhu\u00ec<\/span>\n(will<\/span>\n\u4f1a\n\u6703<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nt\u01d2ngzh\u00ec<\/span>\n(t\u01d2ng\u00b7zh\u00ec\n{gather together \u2192<\/span> [command]}<\/span> \u00b7 rule<\/span>\n\u7edf\u6cbb\n\u7d71\u6cbb<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nzh\u011bngg\u00e8<\/span>\n(zh\u011bng\u00b7g\u00e8\nwhole \u00b7 [mw<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u6574\u4e2a\n\u6574\u500b<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nd\u00ecqi\u00fa<\/span>\n(d\u00ec\u00b7qi\u00fa\nearth \u00b7 globe<\/span>\n\u5730\u7403)<\/span>.\n\nZ\u00e0i<\/span>\n(at<\/span>\n\u5728)<\/span>\n\nzh\u00e8ige<\/span>\n(zh\u00e8i\u00b7ge\nthis \u00b7 [mw<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\n\u9019\u500b<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nW\u00e1nggu\u00f3<\/span>\n(W\u00e1ng\u00b7gu\u00f3\nKing\u2019s \u00b7 Nation \u2192<\/span> [Kingdom]<\/span>\n\u738b\u56fd\n\u738b\u570b<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nt\u01d2ngzh\u00ec<\/span>\n(t\u01d2ng\u00b7zh\u00ec\n{gathering together \u2192 [commanding]} \u00b7 ruling \u2192<\/span> [rule]<\/span>\n\u7edf\u6cbb\n\u7d71\u6cbb<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nxi\u00e0<\/span>\n(under<\/span>\n\u4e0b)<\/span>,\n\nb\u00fahu\u00ec<\/span>\n(b\u00fa\u00b7hu\u00ec\n(there) not \u00b7 will \u2192<\/span> [(there) will not]<\/span>\n\u4e0d\u4f1a\n\u4e0d\u6703<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nz\u00e0i<\/span>\n(anymore<\/span>\n\u518d)<\/span>\n\ny\u01d2u<\/span>\n({be having} \u2192<\/span> [be]<\/span>\n\u6709)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9n<\/span>\n(people<\/span>\n\u4eba)<\/span>\n\np\u00f2hu\u00e0i<\/span>\n(p\u00f2\u00b7hu\u00e0i\ndamaging \u00b7 {to be ruined}<\/span>\n\u7834\u574f\n\u7834\u58de<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\nhu\u00e1nj\u00ecng<\/span>\n(hu\u00e1n\u00b7j\u00ecng\nsurrounding \u00b7 {(set of) boundaries \u2192 [(bounded) area] \u2192 [situation]} \u2192<\/span> [environment]<\/span>\n\u73af\u5883\n\u74b0\u5883<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\nhu\u00f2<\/span>\n(or<\/span>\n\u6216)<\/span>\n\nsh\u0101ngh\u00e0i<\/span>\n(sh\u0101ng\u00b7h\u00e0i\nhurting \u00b7 harming<\/span>\n\u4f24\u5bb3\n\u50b7\u5bb3<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nq\u00edt\u0101<\/span>\n(q\u00ed\u00b7t\u0101\nthem \u00b7 otherwise\u2019s \u2192<\/span> [other]<\/span>\n\u5176\u4ed6)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9n<\/span>\n(people<\/span>\n\u4eba)<\/span>.\n\n(Y\u01d0s\u00e0iy\u00e0sh\u016b<\/span>\n(Y\u01d0s\u00e0iy\u00e0\u00b7sh\u016b\nIsaiah \u00b7 Book<\/span>\n\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e66\n\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n11:9<\/a>)\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

(For reference, here are the P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus links for the scriptures cited above: D\u00e0ny\u01d0l\u01d0sh\u016b<\/i><\/span>\n(D\u00e0ny\u01d0l\u01d0\u00b7sh\u016b\nDaniel \u00b7 Book<\/span>\n\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u4e66\n\u4f46\u4ee5\u7406\u66f8<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n2:44<\/a>;\n\nY\u01d0s\u00e0iy\u00e0sh\u016b<\/i><\/span>\n(Y\u01d0s\u00e0iy\u00e0\u00b7sh\u016b\nIsaiah \u00b7 Book<\/span>\n\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e66\n\u4ee5\u8cfd\u4e9e\u66f8<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n11:9<\/a>.)\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] At the time […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,61,19,15],"tags":[140,25,156,58,310,103,119,47,78,143,136],"class_list":["post-3933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","category-language-learning","category-theocratic","tag-bible-teach-bk","tag-chinese-characters","tag-climate-change","tag-context","tag-environment","tag-homophones","tag-jw-org","tag-morphemes","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-related-expressions","tag-usage-examples"],"yoast_head":"\nhu\u00e1nj\u00ecng - 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