{"id":3784,"date":"2023-08-15T16:19:08","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T23:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3784"},"modified":"2023-08-20T06:32:13","modified_gmt":"2023-08-20T13:32:13","slug":"wuzhong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/08\/15\/wuzhong\/","title":{"rendered":"w\u00f9zh\u01d2ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tw\u00f9zh\u01d2ng<\/span>\n(w\u00f9\u00b7zh\u01d2ng\n{thing \u2192 [creature]} \u00b7 species \u2192<\/span> [species]<\/span>\n\u7269\u79cd\n\u7269\u7a2e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

The \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng L\u00e1iz\u00ec Chu\u00e0ngz\u00e0o Ma?<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(L\u00e1i\u00b7z\u00ec\nCame \u00b7 From<\/span>\n\u6765\u81ea\n\u4f86\u81ea<\/span>)\n(Chu\u00e0ng\u00b7z\u00e0o\nInitiating \u00b7 {Making, Creating} \u2192 [Creating]<\/span>\n\u521b\u9020\n\u5275\u9020<\/span>)\n(Ma\n[? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions]<\/span><\/span>\n\u5417\n\u55ce<\/span>)?\n\u2192<\/span> [Was Life Created? (lc)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (Was Life Created? (lc))<\/i> brochure and the \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng de Q\u01d0yu\u00e1n\u2014Zh\u00edde S\u012bk\u01ceo de W\u01d4 Ge W\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(Q\u01d0\u00b7yu\u00e1n\n{Rising \u2192 [Starting]} \u00b7 Source \u2192 [Origin]<\/span>\n\u8d77\u6e90\/\u539f)\u2014(Zh\u00ed\u00b7de\nWorth \u00b7 Getting \u2192 [Worth]<\/span>\n\u503c\u5f97)\n(S\u012b\u00b7k\u01ceo\n{Thinking About} \u00b7 Examining<\/span>\n\u601d\u8003)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(W\u01d4\nFive<\/span>\n\u4e94)\n(Ge\n[mw]<\/span><\/span>\n\u4e2a\n\u500b\/\u4e2a<\/span>)\n(W\u00e8n\u00b7t\u00ed\nAsking \u00b7 Subjects \u2192 [Questions]<\/span>\n\u95ee\u9898\n\u554f\u984c<\/span>)\n\u2192<\/span> [The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf))<\/i> brochure were originally published back in 2010, but recently, the English version of the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. Also, the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure and the Origin of Life<\/i> brochure are now in the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app. So, it would be good to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of these publications that can be so helpful when discussing whether life was created.<\/p>\n

Feeling Unqualified?<\/h4>\n

Whether or not a Creator exists is one of the first questions that needs to be settled in order for one to make spiritual progress, and these days, much scientific or technical information, both accurate and inaccurate, is available in connection with this question. So, it would be good for us to try our best to get conversant with such scientific or technical information.<\/p>\n

However, perhaps some hesitate to discuss scientific or technical subjects in their ministry (especially in their Mandarin<\/em> ministry), because of feeling unqualified, or not \u201csmart\u201d enough. Even practising professionals in technical industries such as web or app development, etc., sometimes talk about being affected by impostor syndrome<\/a>, so it wouldn\u2019t be surprising if some of us in the Mandarin field who have neither been highly educated about science nor systematically trained on Mandarin may feel like impostors when confronting the prospect of speaking to people in Mandarin about scientific subjects.<\/p>\n

The Bible contains many examples of ones who similarly felt unqualified to do what Jehovah directed them to do, such as Moses, Gideon, Amos, Jeremiah, etc. However, despite them feeling unqualified, Jehovah provided them with the help and support required for them to ultimately accomplish what he wanted them to accomplish. Also, David coming off victorious against Goliath is a classic example of someone who, because of Jehovah\u2019s help, succeeded in spite of appearing unqualified from a human viewpoint.<\/p>\n

The article \u201cDo Not Limit Yourself\u200b\u2014Overcoming Feelings of Inadequacy<\/a>\u201d, from the November 2012 Kingdom Ministry<\/i>, makes some good points that can help us if we feel unqualified to participate in some aspect of our God-given ministry. It\u2019s focused on the Bible study activity in general, but the points it makes can also apply to, say, speaking to people in Mandarin about evolution and creation.<\/p>\n

Related Mandarin Resources<\/h4>\n

Speaking of speaking to people in Mandarin about evolution and creation, helping us to do so is the official P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> material for the \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng L\u00e1iz\u00ec Chu\u00e0ngz\u00e0o Ma?<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(L\u00e1i\u00b7z\u00ec\nCame \u00b7 From<\/span>\n\u6765\u81ea\n\u4f86\u81ea<\/span>)\n(Chu\u00e0ng\u00b7z\u00e0o\nInitiating \u00b7 {Making, Creating} \u2192 [Creating]<\/span>\n\u521b\u9020\n\u5275\u9020<\/span>)\n(Ma\n[? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions]<\/span><\/span>\n\u5417\n\u55ce<\/span>)?\n\u2192<\/span> [Was Life Created? (lc)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (Was Life Created? (lc))<\/i> brochure and for the \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng de Q\u01d0yu\u00e1n\u2014Zh\u00edde S\u012bk\u01ceo de W\u01d4 Ge W\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(Q\u01d0\u00b7yu\u00e1n\n{Rising \u2192 [Starting]} \u00b7 Source \u2192 [Origin]<\/span>\n\u8d77\u6e90\/\u539f)\u2014(Zh\u00ed\u00b7de\nWorth \u00b7 Getting \u2192 [Worth]<\/span>\n\u503c\u5f97)\n(S\u012b\u00b7k\u01ceo\n{Thinking About} \u00b7 Examining<\/span>\n\u601d\u8003)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(W\u01d4\nFive<\/span>\n\u4e94)\n(Ge\n[mw]<\/span><\/span>\n\u4e2a\n\u500b\/\u4e2a<\/span>)\n(W\u00e8n\u00b7t\u00ed\nAsking \u00b7 Subjects \u2192 [Questions]<\/span>\n\u95ee\u9898\n\u554f\u984c<\/span>)\n\u2192<\/span> [The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf))<\/i> brochure that Jehovah\u2019s organization has made available. Also, some related unofficial 3-line and P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material is also available, as detailed at the tiandi.info\/lc<\/strong><\/a> short link for Chinese language-learning resources for the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure. (P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material and a short link for the Origin of Life<\/i> brochure are also in the works.)<\/p>\n

This blog will also seek to help out by occasionally discussing expressions that appear in the Mandarin versions of the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure and the Origin of Life<\/i> brochure. One such expression is this week\u2019s MEotW, \u201cw\u00f9zh\u01d2ng<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u00f9\u00b7zh\u01d2ng\n{thing \u2192 [creature]} \u00b7 species \u2192<\/span> [species]<\/span>\n\u7269\u79cd\n\u7269\u7a2e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which is used to translate the English word \u201cspecies\u201d.<\/p>\n

Species and Kinds in Mandarin<\/h4>\n

First, what does \u201cspecies\u201d even mean in English? One dictionary<\/a> gives this definition:<\/p>\n

\nBiology<\/i> A group of closely related organisms that are very similar to each other and are usually capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Now, consider this footnote<\/a> in the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure that discusses how \u201cspecies\u201d compares to the term \u201ckind\u201d that\u2019s used in the Bible\u2019s Genesis account:<\/p>\n

\nWhile the word \u201cspecies\u201d is used frequently in this section, it should be noted that this term is not found in the Bible book of Genesis. There we find the term \u201ckind,\u201d which is much broader in meaning. Often, what scientists choose to call the evolution of a new species is simply a matter of variation within a \u201ckind,\u201d as the word is used in the Genesis account.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

With the above in mind, note that the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure (Mandarin version \u00a9 2010, 2023-02 Printing) uses \u201cw\u00f9zh\u01d2ng<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u00f9\u00b7zh\u01d2ng\n{thing \u2192 [creature]} \u00b7 species \u2192<\/span> [species]<\/span>\n\u7269\u79cd\n\u7269\u7a2e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> to translate \u201cspecies\u201d, and it uses the \u201cl\u00e8i<\/i><\/span>\n({kind; type; class; category; genus [of]} | {resemble; be similar to}<\/span>\n\u7c7b\n\u985e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cr\u00e9nl\u00e8i<\/i><\/span>\n(r\u00e9n\u00b7l\u00e8i\nhuman\/man\u00b7kind<\/span>\n\u4eba\u7c7b\n\u4eba\u985e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> to translate \u201ckinds\u201d, as referred to in the Bible book of Genesis.<\/p>\n

In comparison, worldly dictionaries like those that can be viewed in the Pleco<\/a> app join the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure in presenting \n\u201cW\u00f9zh\u01d2ng Q\u01d0yu\u00e1n<\/span>\n((W\u00f9\u00b7zh\u01d2ng\n{Thing \u2192 [Creature]} \u00b7 Species\u2019 \u2192 [Species\u2019]<\/span>\n\u7269\u79cd\n\u7269\u7a2e<\/span>)\n(Q\u01d0\u00b7yu\u00e1n\n{Rising \u2192 [Starting]} \u00b7 Source \u2192 [Origin]<\/span>\n\u8d77\u6e90\/\u539f)\n\u2192<\/span> [Origin of Species]<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d\n<\/i> as the Mandarin translation of \u201cOrigin of Species\u201d<\/i>, the famous book by Charles Darwin. Also, note that in the Mandarin translation<\/a> of this passage:<\/p>\n

\nThe Bible word \u201ckinds\u201d is not a scientific term, but it seems to refer to broad divisions of life-forms. Thus, a single \u201ckind\u201d may include many species or varieties.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

the 2021 Awake, No. 3 uses \u201czh\u01d2ngl\u00e8i<\/i><\/span>\n(zh\u01d2ng\u00b7l\u00e8i\n{{species [of]} | {seed; strain; breed [of]} | {type [of]}; {kind [of]}} \u00b7 {kind; type; class; category; genus [of]}<\/span>\n\u79cd\u7c7b\n\u7a2e\u985e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> to translate \u201cspecies\u201d, and it follows the current Mandarin New World Translation<\/i> Bible (nwtsty) in using \u201cl\u00e8ibi\u00e9<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00e8i\u00b7bi\u00e9\nkind; type; class; category; genus \u00b7 differentiated \u2192<\/span> [classification; category; kind]<\/span>\n\u7c7b\u522b\n\u985e\u5225<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> to translate \u201ckinds\u201d. (Compare Genesis 1:24, 25 in English<\/a> and Mandarin<\/a>.) Also, in case you ever encounter \u201cp\u01d0nzh\u01d2ng<\/i><\/span>\n(p\u01d0n\u00b7zh\u01d2ng\nproduct \u00b7 variety \u2192<\/span> [breed; strain; variety]<\/span>\n\u54c1\u79cd\n\u54c1\u7a2e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> that\u2019s what this issue of Awake!<\/i> uses to translate \u201cvarieties<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\n

For convenience:<\/p>\n

The direct link for the current generation P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus resource for the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure is:<\/p>\n