{"id":3657,"date":"2023-07-11T22:43:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T05:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3657"},"modified":"2024-06-29T19:24:19","modified_gmt":"2024-06-30T02:24:19","slug":"jinhua-lun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/07\/11\/jinhua-lun\/","title":{"rendered":"j\u00ecnhu\u00e0 l\u00f9n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tj\u00ecnhu\u00e0<\/span>\n(j\u00ecn\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{to advance} \u00b7 transforming \u2192<\/span> [evolution]<\/span>\n\u8fdb\u5316\n\u9032\u5316<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n
\n\nl\u00f9n<\/span>\n(discussing \u2192<\/span> [theory; doctrine]<\/span>\n\u8bba\n\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

The \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng L\u00e1iz\u00ec Chu\u00e0ngz\u00e0o Ma?<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(L\u00e1i\u00b7z\u00ec\nCame \u00b7 From<\/span>\n\u6765\u81ea\n\u4f86\u81ea<\/span>)\n(Chu\u00e0ng\u00b7z\u00e0o\nInitiating \u00b7 {Making, Creating} \u2192 [Creating]<\/span>\n\u521b\u9020\n\u5275\u9020<\/span>)\n(Ma\n[? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions]<\/span><\/span>\n\u5417\n\u55ce<\/span>)?\n\u2192<\/span> [Was Life Created? (lc)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (Was Life Created? (lc))<\/i> brochure and the \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng de Q\u01d0yu\u00e1n\u2014Zh\u00edde S\u012bk\u01ceo de W\u01d4 Ge W\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(Q\u01d0\u00b7yu\u00e1n\n{Rising \u2192 [Starting]} \u00b7 Source \u2192 [Origin]<\/span>\n\u8d77\u6e90\/\u539f)\u2014(Zh\u00ed\u00b7de\nWorth \u00b7 Getting \u2192 [Worth]<\/span>\n\u503c\u5f97)\n(S\u012b\u00b7k\u01ceo\n{Thinking About} \u00b7 Examining<\/span>\n\u601d\u8003)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(W\u01d4\nFive<\/span>\n\u4e94)\n(Ge\n[mw]<\/span><\/span>\n\u4e2a\n\u500b\/\u4e2a<\/span>)\n(W\u00e8n\u00b7t\u00ed\nAsking \u00b7 Subjects \u2192 [Questions]<\/span>\n\u95ee\u9898\n\u554f\u984c<\/span>)\n\u2192<\/span> [The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf))<\/i> brochure were originally published back in 2010, but recently, the English version of the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure was updated to the December 2022 Printing, and the Mandarin version of it was updated to the February 2023 Printing. Also, the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure and the Origin of Life<\/i> brochure are now in the Teaching Toolbox section in the JW Library app. So, it would be good to consider some of the expressions used in the Mandarin versions of these publications that can be so helpful when discussing whether life was created.<\/p>\n

How It Started<\/h4>\n

For most of human history, people in general believed that life was created. Of course it was, because how else could the wonderful, extraordinarily complex thing that is life have come into existence? The very first part of the Bible contains an account of how God created life, and many ancient peoples had their creation myths. (The ancient Chinese seem to have had several<\/em> creation myths<\/a>.) Eventually, though, the idea represented in English by the word \u201cevolution\u201d and in Mandarin by this week\u2019s MEotW \u201cj\u00ecnhu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u00ecn\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{to advance} \u00b7 transforming \u2192<\/span> [evolution]<\/span>\n\u8fdb\u5316\n\u9032\u5316<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nl\u00f9n<\/i><\/span>\n(discussing \u2192<\/span> [theory; doctrine]<\/span>\n\u8bba\n\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> came to grow in popularity in this world that\u2019s alienated from God.\u2014Ephesians 4:17, 18<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Screenshot<\/p>\n

How It Breaks Down<\/h4>\n

The \u201cj\u00ecn<\/i><\/span>\n({advance; enter [into; in]}<\/span>\n\u8fdb\n\u9032<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cj\u00ecnhu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u00ecn\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{to advance} \u00b7 transforming \u2192<\/span> [evolution]<\/span>\n\u8fdb\u5316\n\u9032\u5316<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> is also used in \u201cj\u00ecnb\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u00ecn\u00b7b\u00f9\n{advancing [of]} \u00b7 steps \u2192<\/span> [progress[ing]; advancing; improvement]<\/span>\n\u8fdb\u6b65\n\u9032\u6b65<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, and it means \u201cto advance\u201d.<\/p>\n

The \u201chu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(change; transform; convert [\u2192 [melt; dissolve; thaw | abbr. for hu\u00e0xu\u00e9<\/i> (chemistry)]]<\/span>\n\u5316)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cj\u00ecnhu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u00ecn\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{to advance} \u00b7 transforming \u2192<\/span> [evolution]<\/span>\n\u8fdb\u5316\n\u9032\u5316<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> is also used in \u201cqi\u00e1nghu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(qi\u00e1ng\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{to be strong} \u00b7 transform \u2192<\/span> [strengthen]<\/span>\n\u5f3a\u5316\n\u5f37\u5316<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> (\u201cstrengthen\u201d), and it basically means \u201cto transform\u201d. Interestingly, this \u201chu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(change; transform; convert [\u2192 [melt; dissolve; thaw | abbr. for hu\u00e0xu\u00e9<\/i> (chemistry)]]<\/span>\n\u5316)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> also occurs in \u201cw\u00e9nhu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u00e9n\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{(with) writing} \u00b7 transformed (system) \u2192<\/span> [culture] | {(with) writing} \u00b7 transformed \u2192<\/span> [cultural]<\/span>\n\u6587\u5316)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> (\u201cculture\u201d), which seems to literally mean \u201c(system) transformed by writing\u201d.<\/p>\n

As for the \u201cl\u00f9n<\/i><\/span>\n(discussing \u2192<\/span> [theory; doctrine]<\/span>\n\u8bba\n\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cj\u00ecnhu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u00ecn\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{to advance} \u00b7 transforming \u2192<\/span> [evolution]<\/span>\n\u8fdb\u5316\n\u9032\u5316<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nl\u00f9n<\/i><\/span>\n(discussing \u2192<\/span> [theory; doctrine]<\/span>\n\u8bba\n\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, it basically means \u201cto discuss\u201d, as it does in \u201ct\u01ceol\u00f9n<\/i><\/span>\n(discussing [\u2192 [discussion]]<\/span>\n\u8ba8\u8bba\n\u8a0e\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, and it can effectively mean \u201ctheory; doctrine\u201d.<\/p>\n

On one level, then, the way that the expression \u201cj\u00ecnhu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u00ecn\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{to advance} \u00b7 transforming \u2192<\/span> [evolution]<\/span>\n\u8fdb\u5316\n\u9032\u5316<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nl\u00f9n<\/i><\/span>\n(discussing \u2192<\/span> [theory; doctrine]<\/span>\n\u8bba\n\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> works is that it\u2019s \u201cthe theory of transforming to advance\u201d.<\/p>\n

How It\u2019s Going<\/h4>\n

A while ago, I saw a video on the Internet in which the presenter pointed out that in science, \u201ctheory\u201d does not mean the same as it does in regular usage. As Wikipedia summarizes in its article<\/a> on scientific theories:<\/p>\n

\nA scientific theory differs from a scientific fact or scientific law in that a theory explains \u201cwhy\u201d or \u201chow\u201d: a fact is a simple, basic observation, whereas a law is a statement (often a mathematical equation) about a relationship between facts and\/or other laws. For example, Newton\u2019s Law of Gravity is a mathematical equation that can be used to predict the attraction between bodies, but it is not a theory to explain how<\/em> gravity works.[source]<\/a><\/sup> Stephen Jay Gould wrote that \u201c…facts and theories are different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty. Facts are the world\u2019s data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts.\u201d[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

The meaning of the term scientific theory<\/i> (often contracted to theory<\/i> for brevity) as used in the disciplines of science is significantly different from the common vernacular usage of theory<\/i>.[source]<\/a><\/sup>[source]<\/a><\/sup> In everyday speech, theory<\/i> can imply an explanation that represents an unsubstantiated and speculative guess,[source]<\/a><\/sup> whereas in a scientific context it most often refers to an explanation that has already been tested and is widely accepted as valid.[source]<\/a><\/sup>[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

How It Could, and Will, End Up<\/h4>\n

Note, though, the statements that follow in that Wikipedia article:<\/p>\n

\nThe strength of a scientific theory is related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain and its simplicity. As additional scientific evidence is gathered, a scientific theory may be modified and ultimately rejected if it cannot be made to fit the new findings; in such circumstances, a more accurate theory is then required.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Yes, while a scientific theory like evolution may<\/em> be considered by some to be having some evidence supporting it, in true science, it may also end up being disproven and thus rejected after new evidence comes to light<\/em>. As suggested by the basic meaning of the \u201cl\u00f9n<\/i><\/span>\n(discussing \u2192<\/span> [theory; doctrine]<\/span>\n\u8bba\n\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cj\u00ecnhu\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u00ecn\u00b7hu\u00e0\n{to advance} \u00b7 transforming \u2192<\/span> [evolution]<\/span>\n\u8fdb\u5316\n\u9032\u5316<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nl\u00f9n<\/i><\/span>\n(discussing \u2192<\/span> [theory; doctrine]<\/span>\n\u8bba\n\u8ad6<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, a scientific theory is an ongoing discussion<\/em>, not a sealed, unalterable conclusion.<\/p>\n

Let us be positive and courageous then, in discussing with Mandarin-speaking people the evidence presented in the \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng L\u00e1iz\u00ec Chu\u00e0ngz\u00e0o Ma?<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(L\u00e1i\u00b7z\u00ec\nCame \u00b7 From<\/span>\n\u6765\u81ea\n\u4f86\u81ea<\/span>)\n(Chu\u00e0ng\u00b7z\u00e0o\nInitiating \u00b7 {Making, Creating} \u2192 [Creating]<\/span>\n\u521b\u9020\n\u5275\u9020<\/span>)\n(Ma\n[? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions]<\/span><\/span>\n\u5417\n\u55ce<\/span>)?\n\u2192<\/span> [Was Life Created? (lc)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (Was Life Created? (lc))<\/i> brochure and in the \nSh\u0113ngm\u00ecng de Q\u01d0yu\u00e1n\u2014Zh\u00edde S\u012bk\u01ceo de W\u01d4 Ge W\u00e8nt\u00ed<\/span>\n((Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\nLife<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(Q\u01d0\u00b7yu\u00e1n\n{Rising \u2192 [Starting]} \u00b7 Source \u2192 [Origin]<\/span>\n\u8d77\u6e90\/\u539f)\u2014(Zh\u00ed\u00b7de\nWorth \u00b7 Getting \u2192 [Worth]<\/span>\n\u503c\u5f97)\n(S\u012b\u00b7k\u01ceo\n{Thinking About} \u00b7 Examining<\/span>\n\u601d\u8003)\n(de\n\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(W\u01d4\nFive<\/span>\n\u4e94)\n(Ge\n[mw]<\/span><\/span>\n\u4e2a\n\u500b\/\u4e2a<\/span>)\n(W\u00e8n\u00b7t\u00ed\nAsking \u00b7 Subjects \u2192 [Questions]<\/span>\n\u95ee\u9898\n\u554f\u984c<\/span>)\n\u2192<\/span> [The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (The Origin of Life\u200b\u2014Five Questions Worth Asking (lf))<\/i> brochure. If the ones we speak to are truly scientific people, as well as being humble people, they will consider the evidence with open minds, and not just dogmatically stick to believing in evolution simply because it\u2019s a currently<\/em> accepted scientific theory.<\/p>\n

\n

For convenience:<\/p>\n

The direct link for the current generation P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus resource for the Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure is:<\/p>\n