{"id":3632,"date":"2023-06-26T16:25:25","date_gmt":"2023-06-26T23:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3632"},"modified":"2023-12-05T12:52:18","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T20:52:18","slug":"cuo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/06\/26\/cuo\/","title":{"rendered":"cu\u00f2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tcu\u00f2<\/span>\n\t\t\t({[is] alternating; staggered} [\u2192 [[is] wrong; mistaken; incorrect; erroneous | missed | grinding; rubbing | moving to the side | mistake; error; blunder [\u2192 [fault]]]] | {[is] interlocked and jagged} [\u2192 [intricate]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9519\n\t\t\t\u932f<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>\n<\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

One of the publications that is now recommended to be used on Bible studies is the \n\t\t\tY\u01d2ngyu\u01cen Xi\u01cengsh\u00f2u M\u011bih\u01ceo de Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\u2014H\u00f9d\u00f2ng Sh\u00ec Sh\u00e8ngj\u012bng K\u00e8ch\u00e9ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t((Y\u01d2ng\u00b7yu\u01cen\n\t\t\tEternally \u00b7 {Far (in Time)}<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6c38\u8fdc\n\t\t\t\u6c38\u9060<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(Xi\u01ceng\u00b7sh\u00f2u\n\t\t\tEnjoy \u00b7 Receive<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4eab\u53d7)\n\t\t\t(M\u011bi\u00b7h\u01ceo\n\t\t\tBeautiful \u00b7 Good<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7f8e\u597d)\n\t\t\t(de\n\t\t\t\u2019s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7684)\n\t\t\t(Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\n\t\t\tLife<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u751f\u547d)\u2014(H\u00f9\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n\t\t\t{Each Other} \u00b7 Moving \u2192 [Interactive]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e92\u52a8\n\t\t\t\u4e92\u52d5<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(Sh\u00ec\n\t\t\t(Type<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5f0f)\n\t\t\t(Sh\u00e8ng\u00b7j\u012bng\n\t\t\tHoly \u00b7 Scriptures \u2192 [Bible]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5723\u7ecf\n\t\t\t\u8056\u7d93<\/span>)\n\t\t\t(K\u00e8\u00b7ch\u00e9ng\n\t\t\tLessons \u00b7 Procedure \u2192 [Course]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8bfe\u7a0b\n\t\t\t\u8ab2\u7a0b<\/span>)\n\t\t\t\u2192<\/span> [Enjoy Life Forever!\u2014An Interactive Bible Course (lff)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i> (Enjoy Life Forever! (lff)<\/i>) book. This week\u2019s MEotW, \u201ccu\u00f2<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({[is] alternating; staggered} [\u2192 [[is] wrong; mistaken; incorrect; erroneous | missed | grinding; rubbing | moving to the side | mistake; error; blunder [\u2192 [fault]]]] | {[is] interlocked and jagged} [\u2192 [intricate]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9519\n\t\t\t\u932f<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> occurs at about the 18 second mark of the video for lesson 08, point 6 of this book:<\/p>\n

\n\n\t\t\t\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tW\u01d2<\/span>\n\t\t\t(I<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6211)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tz\u01d2ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t(always<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u603b\n\t\t\t\u7e3d\/\u7e02<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tju\u00e9de<\/span>\n\t\t\t(ju\u00e9\u00b7de\n\t\t\t{to wake to \u2192 [to feel]} \u00b7 got \u2192<\/span> [got to feel]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u89c9\u5f97\n\t\t\t\u89ba\u5f97<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\n\t\t\tf\u0101sh\u0113ng<\/span>\n\t\t\t(f\u0101\u00b7sh\u0113ng\n\t\t\t{issued forth} \u00b7 {came to life} \u2192<\/span> [happened]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u53d1\u751f\n\t\t\t\u767c\u751f<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tz\u00e0i<\/span>\n\t\t\t(on<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u5728)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tw\u01d2<\/span>\n\t\t\t(me<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6211)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tsh\u0113nshang<\/span>\n\t\t\t(sh\u0113n\u00b7shang\n\t\t\t{body \u2192<\/span> [self]}<\/span> \u00b7 upon<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u8eab\u4e0a)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tde<\/span>\n\t\t\t(\u2019s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7684)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tsh\u00ec<\/span>\n\t\t\t(things<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u4e8b)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\td\u014du<\/span>\n\t\t\t(all<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u90fd)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tsh\u00ec<\/span>\n\t\t\t(were<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u662f)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\tw\u01d2 de<\/span>\n\t\t\t((w\u01d2\n\t\t\tme<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u6211)\n\t\t\t(de\n\t\t\t\u2019s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u7684)\n\t\t\t\u2192<\/span> [my]<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcu\u00f2<\/span>\n\t\t\t({being staggered} \u2192 [error] \u2192<\/span> [fault]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9519\n\t\t\t\u932f<\/span>)<\/span>.\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\n\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Many undoubtedly already know this word to mean \u201cwrong\u201d or \u201cmistaken\u201d. However, examination of the various meanings provided for it in various dictionaries, perhaps with an app like Pleco<\/a> that allows one to quickly check multiple dictionaries, seems to reveal that there is an extra layer of meaning underneath the meaning of \u201cwrong\u201d or \u201cmistaken\u201d that many at first think of for \u201ccu\u00f2<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({[is] alternating; staggered} [\u2192 [[is] wrong; mistaken; incorrect; erroneous | missed | grinding; rubbing | moving to the side | mistake; error; blunder [\u2192 [fault]]]] | {[is] interlocked and jagged} [\u2192 [intricate]]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9519\n\t\t\t\u932f<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d.<\/i> This more basic meaning seems to be that of \u201calternating\u201d, or \u201cstaggered\u201d\u2014basically, not lining up. <\/p>\n

As I have continued to research into the meanings of Mandarin expressions as part of my work on this blog, my work on P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus<\/a> material, and just as part of my overall Mandarin language-learning journey, I have come across many such expressions that seem to have turned out to have extra layers of meaning underneath the ones I was at first familiar with.<\/p>\n

Digging Deeper<\/h4>\n

The historical roots of Mandarin Chinese stretch far back in time. As the Wikipedia article on Old Mandarin<\/a> summarizes:<\/p>\n

\nOld Mandarin<\/strong> or Early Mandarin<\/strong> was the speech of northern China during the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty and the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (12th to 14th centuries).\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

So, it\u2019s not surprising that there may be etymological layers of meaning underneath the meanings of Mandarin expressions that we are familiar with today. It\u2019s much like how occasionally physical things from the past get discovered in places where people lived and did things in the past, like how so many artifacts have been discovered in places like Egypt or the lands that are now where ancient Mesopotamia used to be, or like how workers excavating the site of the current World Trade Centre building complex<\/a> came across the remains of a wooden ship<\/a>.<\/p>\n

An Old Chinese Alphabet!<\/h4>\n

Interestingly, the above-mentioned Wikipedia article on Old Mandarin<\/a> mentions an alphabet:<\/p>\n

\nThe phonology of Old Mandarin has been inferred from the ‘Phags-pa script, an alphabet created in 1269 for several languages of the Mongol empire, including Chinese\u2026\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The Wikipedia article on the \u02bcPhags-pa script<\/a> provides some further summarized information:<\/p>\n

\nThe Phagspa script<\/strong> or \u02bcPhags-pa script<\/strong>[source]<\/a><\/sup> is an alphabet designed by the Tibetan monk and State Preceptor (later Imperial Preceptor) Drog\u00f6n Ch\u00f6gyal Phagpa for Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, as a unified script for the written languages within the Yuan. The actual use of this script was limited to about a hundred years during the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, and it fell out of use with the advent of the Ming dynasty.[source]<\/a><\/sup>[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

It was used to write and transcribe varieties of Chinese, the Tibetic languages, Mongolian, the Uyghur language, Sanskrit, probably Persian,[source]<\/a><\/sup>[source]<\/a><\/sup>[source]<\/a><\/sup>[source]<\/a><\/sup> and other neighboring languages[citation needed]<\/sup> during the Yuan era.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"A
\"Creative<\/a>
A manuscript copy of an imperial edict of the Yuan dynasty in \u02bcPhags-pa script<\/span><\/p>\n

\"An
\"Creative<\/a>
An example of the Chinese poem \u201cHundred Family Surnames\u201d written in Chinese characters and in \u02bcPhags-pa script<\/span><\/p>\n

So, despite the claims of some Chinese traditionalists that the Chinese languages can only be written using Chinese characters, Chinese languages, including an old form of Mandarin, have been written with an alphabet before, one that was created for Kublai Khan<\/a> himself! (Interestingly, Kublai Khan was the ruler of China when Marco Polo<\/a> visited there. So, this famous Italian may have been there when Chinese languages were written using an alphabet.) M\u00e9i<\/i><\/span> \n\t\t\t({(there) is not having}<\/span> \n\t\t\t\u6ca1 \n\t\t\t\u6c92<\/span>)<\/span> \n\n\t\t\tcu\u00f2<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t({being staggered} \u2192<\/span> [mistake]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u9519\n\t\t\t\u932f<\/span>)<\/span>, there is historical precedent for the idea that a Chinese language like Modern Standard Mandarin can be written with an alphabetical writing system like P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\n

For convenience:<\/p>\n

The direct link for the current generation P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n\t\t\t{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\t\t\t\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus resource for the Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> book is:<\/p>\n