{"id":3599,"date":"2023-06-19T21:29:33","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T04:29:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3599"},"modified":"2024-11-25T15:32:54","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T23:32:54","slug":"xuanchuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/06\/19\/xuanchuan\/","title":{"rendered":"xu\u0101nchu\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\txu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7chu\u00e1n\ndeclaring; proclaiming; announcing \u00b7 {passing on}; spreading; transmitting \u2192<\/span> [conducting propaganda; propagating; disseminating; publicizing | propaganda]<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u4f20\n\u5ba3\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

Several MEotW posts<\/a>, including last week\u2019s post<\/a> on \u201cc\u00ec\u2019\u011br<\/i><\/span>\n(c\u00ec\u2019\u00b7\u011br\n{stabs; pricks \u2192 [irritates; pierces]} \u00b7 ear \u2192<\/span> [grating on the ear; jarring; ear-piercing]<\/span>\n\u523a\u8033)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, have mentioned propaganda. So, it seems that it\u2019s about time to consider the Mandarin expression \u201cxu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7chu\u00e1n\ndeclaring; proclaiming; announcing \u00b7 {passing on}; spreading; transmitting \u2192<\/span> [conducting propaganda; propagating; disseminating; publicizing | propaganda]<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u4f20\n\u5ba3\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> which is often used to translate \u201cpropaganda\u201d.<\/p>\n

Morphemic Breakdown<\/h4>\n

The \u201cxu\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(declare; proclaim; announce<\/span>\n\u5ba3)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cxu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7chu\u00e1n\ndeclaring; proclaiming; announcing \u00b7 {passing on}; spreading; transmitting \u2192<\/span> [conducting propaganda; propagating; disseminating; publicizing | propaganda]<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u4f20\n\u5ba3\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> means \u201cdeclare; proclaim; announce\u201d, and it also appears in expressions like \u201cxu\u0101nb\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7b\u00f9\ndeclare; proclaim; announce \u00b7 declare; spread; announce; publish; proclaim<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u5e03\n\u5ba3\u5e03\/\u4f48<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> \u201cxu\u0101nji\u01ceng<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7ji\u01ceng\ndeclare; proclaim; announce \u00b7 {speak of \u2192<\/span> [explain]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u5ba3\u8bb2\n\u5ba3\u8b1b<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> \u201cxu\u0101ny\u00e1ng<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7y\u00e1ng\ndeclare; proclaim; announce \u00b7 {raise \u2192<\/span> [make known]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u5ba3\u626c\n\u5ba3\u63da<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> etc.<\/p>\n

The \u201cchu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n({pass on}; {hand down}; spread; transmit [\u2192 [summon]]<\/span>\n\u4f20\n\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cxu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7chu\u00e1n\ndeclaring; proclaiming; announcing \u00b7 {passing on}; spreading; transmitting \u2192<\/span> [conducting propaganda; propagating; disseminating; publicizing | propaganda]<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u4f20\n\u5ba3\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> means \u201cpass on; hand down; spread; transmit\u201d, and it also appears in expressions like \u201cchu\u00e1nd\u00e0o<\/i><\/span>\n(chu\u00e1n\u00b7d\u00e0o\nspreading \u00b7 way \u2192<\/span> [preaching]<\/span>\n\u4f20\u9053\n\u50b3\u9053<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> \u201cChu\u00e1nd\u00e0osh\u016b<\/i><\/span>\n(Chu\u00e1n\u00b7d\u00e0o\u00b7sh\u016b\nSpreading \u00b7 Way \u00b7 Book \u2192<\/span> [Ecclesiastes]<\/span>\n\u4f20\u9053\u4e66\n\u50b3\u9053\u66f8<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> \u201cchu\u00e1nji\u01ceng<\/i><\/span>\n(chu\u00e1n\u00b7ji\u01ceng\nspread \u00b7 {speak of; say; tell} [(that)]<\/span>\n\u4f20\u8bb2\n\u50b3\u8b1b<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> \u201cchu\u00e1nt\u01d2ng<\/i><\/span>\n(chu\u00e1n\u00b7t\u01d2ng\n{passed on} \u00b7 {gathered together (things) \u2192 [interconnected system]} \u2192<\/span> [tradition | traditional]<\/span>\n\u4f20\u7edf\n\u50b3\u7d71<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d,<\/i> etc.<\/p>\n

The above-mentioned morphemes<\/a> in \u201cxu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7chu\u00e1n\ndeclaring; proclaiming; announcing \u00b7 {passing on}; spreading; transmitting \u2192<\/span> [conducting propaganda; propagating; disseminating; publicizing | propaganda]<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u4f20\n\u5ba3\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> are both basically verbs, and \u201cxu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7chu\u00e1n\ndeclaring; proclaiming; announcing \u00b7 {passing on}; spreading; transmitting \u2192<\/span> [conducting propaganda; propagating; disseminating; publicizing | propaganda]<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u4f20\n\u5ba3\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> itself is also basically a verb. However, it\u2019s also used as a noun, making it a verbal noun<\/a>, or a gerundial noun, in those cases.<\/p>\n

How Bad Is It?<\/h4>\n

As mentioned in the excellent Referenced Theo. Expressions (RTE)<\/i><\/a> resource, \u201cit seems \u5ba3\u4f20 [xu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/i>] is a neutral word in Chinese (can be either positive or negative)\u201d. Indeed, the morphemes that make up \u201cxu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7chu\u00e1n\ndeclaring; proclaiming; announcing \u00b7 {passing on}; spreading; transmitting \u2192<\/span> [conducting propaganda; propagating; disseminating; publicizing | propaganda]<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u4f20\n\u5ba3\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, mentioned above, are themselves both morally neutral. Like any technology, whether the things that these morphemes represent result in good or harm depends on how they are used. Unfortunately, we are now living in the last days of a world ruled by Satan the Devil, a world filled with self-seeking people who totally would misuse anything that would potentially enable them to exert influence over other people.\u20142 Timothy 3:1\u20135<\/a>; 1 John 5:19<\/a>.<\/p>\n

It should not be surprising, then, that the worldly Chinese governing authorities may at times disseminate what many would recognize as propaganda\u2014biased, misleading distortions of the truth meant to promote certain viewpoints, political or cultural objectives, etc. Add to that how Eastern culture generally encourages people to conform to the group and not question authority, and it\u2019s not surprising that many who grew up marinated in Chinese culture have come to just accept such propaganda as fact, as just the way things are in the Chinese world.<\/p>\n

As for the West, even though it has more of a culture of questioning authority, it, along with the world in general that the Internet can reach, has been experiencing a rise in misinformation and disinformation. Social media and other technologies that have become available have given people more power to select what information they want to take in, and, egged on by engagement-seeking algorithms, many have unfortunately chosen to just focus on information sources that tell them what they want to hear, whether it\u2019s true or not. As the Bible foretold long ago:<\/p>\n

\nFor there will be a period of time when they will not put up with the wholesome teaching, but according to their own desires, they will surround themselves with teachers to have their ears tickled. They will turn away from listening to the truth and give attention to false stories.
\n\u20142 Timothy 4:3, 4<\/a>.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

As Jehovah\u2019s people, we especially need to be wary of any worldly propaganda, because we want to be the true worshippers spoken of by Jesus, ones who \u201cmust worship with spirit and truth\u201d.\u2014John 4:23, 24<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, these days, even something as basically human as language gets politicized, so even just being language learners in the Mandarin field, we still need to watch out for worldly propaganda. Below are a couple of commonly accepted beliefs about the Chinese languages that are actually propaganda, not truth.<\/p>\n

Propaganda About \u201cDialects\u201d<\/h4>\n

\u201cMandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, etc. are just dialects of the one Chinese language.\u201d<\/strong> The truth is that being mutually unintelligible<\/a>, Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, etc. are really different languages<\/em>, like French and English are different languages. The erroneous belief that Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, etc. are just dialects of the one Chinese language has been promoted by the worldly central governing authorities in China to bolster the idea that China is indeed one big happy political entity that should have a central government\u2014them.<\/p>\n

Historically, though, it wasn\u2019t always the case that there was just one government over the land that China now occupies. That didn\u2019t become the case until Q\u00edn Sh\u01d0hu\u00e1ng<\/i><\/span>\n((Q\u00edn\n{Qin (dynasty)}<\/span>\n\u79e6)\n(Sh\u01d0\u00b7hu\u00e1ng\nBeginning \u00b7 Emperor<\/span>\n\u59cb\u7687)\n(the founder of the Q\u00edn<\/i> dynasty and the first emperor of China)<\/span>)<\/span> conquered the other Warring States<\/a>\u2014which were peers of his own state of Q\u00edn<\/i><\/span>\n({Qin (one of the Warring States)}<\/span>\n\u79e6)<\/span>\u2014and became the first emperor<\/a> of a forcefully unified China. If it wasn\u2019t for this, China could conceivably have become like modern-day Europe, with several peer states which are recognized as having their own distinct languages and cultures.<\/p>\n

So, there is no need to allow the idea that Mandarin, Cantonese, etc. are just dialects to sabotage our efforts to learn Mandarin well by making us think that we can just take Cantonese, etc. and twist it a little to get Mandarin\u2014all we would get then is a twisted mess!<\/p>\n

Propaganda and the Characters<\/h4>\n

\u201cChinese characters are the primary aspect of the Chinese languages.\u201d<\/strong> The truth is that when it comes to human language, speech<\/em> is primary, not writing<\/a>.<\/p>\n

However, given how so many people around the world are so enchanted with the visually intricate Chinese characters, some may feel that the characters give China a certain amount of cultural\u2014and maybe even political\u2014soft power<\/a>. Many also feel that characters have a unifying effect on Chinese people, since they use characters to write even if they speak different Chinese languages, as explained above. Thus, many may also feel that there may be some political advantages to characters for China\u2019s worldly central ruling authorities. So, they may thus be motivated to promote Chinese characters over, say, a system like P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> that doesn\u2019t have the same perceived visual and cultural pizzaz that the characters have, and that is only for Mandarin.<\/p>\n

The truth is, though, that there is really no technical requirement for any language, Chinese or otherwise, to be written using Chinese characters\u2014P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> works fine as a writing system<\/a> for Mandarin without incurring the extraordinary costs in time and effort that the characters do, and separate but similar alphabetical systems can conceivably be designed and used for other Chinese languages as well.<\/p>\n

Re the supposed unifying effect of the Chinese characters, there is not necessarily really much of a unifying effect among the Mandarin-speakers, Cantonese-speakers, Japanese-speakers, Korean-speakers, etc. who may use characters to write, any more than the use of the Latin alphabet unifies English-speakers, French-speakers, Italian-speakers, Mandarin-speakers, etc. who may use it<\/em> to write. An especially stark current example of the relative insignificance of any unifying effect that a script or writing system may have is that unfortunately, Russia and Ukraine<\/a> have hardly been unified because of their both using the Cyrillic script<\/a>.<\/p>\n

We who are Jehovah\u2019s people in particular don\u2019t need a product of human culture like the Chinese characters to unite us\u2014we are united by the culture of spirit and truth from Jehovah God himself!\u2014John 4:23, 24<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Don\u2019t Be a Gullible \u201cTourist\u201d!<\/h4>\n

As Jehovah\u2019s people, let us make sure we are advancing the interests of God\u2019s Kingdom<\/em>, and not unwittingly serving the interests of worldly Chinese governments. As missionaries and rescue workers in the Mandarin field, and not just tourists<\/a> (email me<\/a> for login information, and include information on who referred you and\/or what group\/cong. you are in), let us be focused on what really helps us to do our God-honouring and life-saving work better. Let us not be misled by the self-serving xu\u0101nchu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(xu\u0101n\u00b7chu\u00e1n\ndeclaring \u00b7 spreading \u2192<\/span> [propaganda]<\/span>\n\u5ba3\u4f20\n\u5ba3\u50b3<\/span>)<\/span>, the propaganda, from Satan\u2019s world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Several MEotW posts, including last week\u2019s post on , have mentioned propaganda. So, it seems that it\u2019s about time to consider the Mandarin expression which is often used to translate \u201cpropaganda\u201d. Morphemic Breakdown The in means \u201cdeclare; proclaim; announce\u201d, and it also appears in expressions like etc. The in means \u201cpass on; hand down; spread; […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,61,98,19,176,108],"tags":[28,22,25,37,263,169,113,26,261,260,38,42,222,97,264,47,168,29,229,172,259,49,143,265,44,262,24,208,266,134,54,404,39,126],"class_list":["post-3599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","category-history","category-language-learning","category-science","category-technology","tag-cantonese","tag-china","tag-chinese-characters","tag-chinese-culture","tag-cyrillic-script","tag-dialects","tag-eastern-culture","tag-english","tag-europe","tag-french","tag-japanese-culture","tag-language-classification","tag-latin-alphabet","tag-linguistics","tag-missionaries","tag-morphemes","tag-mutual-intelligibility","tag-pinyin","tag-pinyin-is-a-good-workable-writing-system-on-its-own","tag-propaganda","tag-qin-shihuang","tag-referenced-theo-expressions","tag-related-expressions","tag-rescue-workers","tag-shanghainese","tag-soft-power","tag-speech","tag-tiandi-info","tag-tourists","tag-ukraine-war","tag-verbal-nouns","tag-war","tag-western-culture","tag-writing-systems"],"yoast_head":"\nxu\u0101nchu\u00e1n - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/06\/19\/xuanchuan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"xu\u0101nchu\u00e1n - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Several MEotW posts, including last week\u2019s post on , have mentioned propaganda. So, it seems that it\u2019s about time to consider the Mandarin expression which is often used to translate \u201cpropaganda\u201d. 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So, it seems that it\u2019s about time to consider the Mandarin expression which is often used to translate \u201cpropaganda\u201d. 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