{"id":3475,"date":"2023-05-15T12:55:16","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T19:55:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3475"},"modified":"2023-05-17T10:36:59","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T17:36:59","slug":"shangtian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/05\/15\/shangtian\/","title":{"rendered":"Sh\u00e0ngti\u0101n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven [\u2192 [God]]} \u2192<\/span> [Heaven; Providence; God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

At the time of this writing, jw.org<\/a> was featuring an invitation<\/a> to attend an \u201cExercise Patience\u201d! 2023 convention of Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses. In one of the places where the English version of this invitation uses the word \u201cGod\u201d, the Mandarin version<\/a> uses this week\u2019s MEotW, \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven [\u2192 [God]]} \u2192<\/span> [Heaven; Providence; God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, which literally means \u201cAbove\u2019s Heaven\u201d:<\/p>\n

\"\u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n\u201d<\/p>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\nIf you pray to God<\/strong> for help, what can you expect?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nN\u01d0<\/span>\n((if) you<\/span>\n\u4f60)<\/span>\n\nxi\u00e0ng<\/span>\n(to<\/span>\n\u5411\n\u5411\/\u66cf\/\u56ae<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\nSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\nqi\u00fazh\u00f9<\/span>\n(qi\u00fa\u00b7zh\u00f9\nrequest \u00b7 {helping \u2192<\/span> [help]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u6c42\u52a9)<\/span>,\n\nt\u0101<\/span>\n(he<\/span>\n\u4ed6)<\/span>\n\nhu\u00ec<\/span>\n(will<\/span>\n\u4f1a\n\u6703<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nb\u0101ngzh\u00f9<\/span>\n(help<\/span>\n\u5e2e\u52a9\n\u5e6b\u52a9<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nn\u01d0<\/span>\n(you<\/span>\n\u4f60)<\/span>\n\nma<\/span>\n([? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u5417\n\u55ce<\/span>)<\/span>?\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Note that this jw.org<\/a> web page uses the personal pronoun \u201ct\u0101<\/i><\/span>\n(he<\/span>\n\u4ed6)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> (\u201che\u201d) to refer to \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, showing that \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> here refers to a person<\/em>, not to an abstract concept or to a place like heaven. Also, the wording shown in the above screenshot indicates that \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> here refers to \u201cSh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, that is, God.<\/p>\n

Addressing People Who Don\u2019t Know God Well<\/h4>\n

Note also that this web page written using Chinese characters and invitating people to the convention is largely directed towards the Chinese people of the world, who may know God only as an abstract concept, and not so much as a person.<\/p>\n

\"\u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n\u201d<\/p>\n

Here, \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven [\u2192 [God]]} \u2192<\/span> [Heaven; Providence; God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> corresponds with the English expression \u201cthe heavens\u201d in the phrase \u201cafter you come to know that the heavens are ruling\u201d.\u2014Daniel 4:26<\/a> (English).<\/p>\n

The Chinese People\u2019s View of God Over Time<\/h4>\n

As mentioned in the MEotW post<\/a> on \u201cSh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>:<\/p>\n

\nThe Lasting Peace<\/i> brochure has a box<\/a> explaining how the concept of Sh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span> has been viewed in China throughout its history.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Here is a quote from that box that relates how the Chinese came to view the \u201cTi\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Heaven [\u2192 [God]]<\/span>\n\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> in \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven [\u2192 [God]]} \u2192<\/span> [Heaven; Providence; God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, and how that affected their understanding of Sh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span>:<\/p>\n

\n\u2026according to Chinese historical records, between three and four thousand years ago, during the Xia and Shang dynasties, the Chinese were already worshipping one supreme deity. The book The Religious History of China<\/em> explains that they \u201creckoned that between heaven and earth there was a principal God who stood supreme and had absolute control over all things. . . . This supreme deity came to be called Di,<\/em> or Shang-di,<\/em> during the Shang Dynasty, and was known as Tien<\/em> [heaven], or Tien-di<\/em> [Emperor in Heaven], during the Zhou Dynasty [11th century to 256 B.C.E.].\u201d Thus, the ancient Chinese believed in the existence of a Supreme Sovereign of the universe.<\/p>\n

During the Spring and Autumn period (c. 722-481 B.C.E.) and the Warring States period (c. 480-221 B.C.E.), Confucianism and Taoism gained ascendancy. Influenced by these two schools of thought, the worship of Shang-di<\/em> was gradually replaced by the abstract idea of reverence for Tien.<\/em> By the Han dynasty (202 B.C.E.\u2013221 C.E.), under the dominance of Confucianism, the Chinese became engrossed in moral culture and social order, and the concept of Shang-di<\/em> suffered another setback. With the spread of Buddhism into China, the Chinese no longer held to the belief of a Creator who is in control of the universe, but they accepted Heaven, or Providence, as the first cause of all things. Since then, the concept of God, or Shang-di,<\/em> has become something completely foreign to most Chinese.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Since Chinese people in the world have this historical and cultural background that stretches back for millennia, it is understandable why the organization uses \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> to refer to God when addressing them. Perhaps we can think of \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> as an acceptable stepping stone between the impersonal \u201cTi\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Heaven [\u2192 [God]]<\/span>\n\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> and \u201cSh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>. Hopefully, we will be able to help many more Chinese people to get to know and appreciate Jehovah God as a person, and to eventually get accustomed to referring to him as \u201cSh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor \u2192 [God]} \u2192<\/span> [God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>, and as \u201cY\u0113h\u00e9hu\u00e1<\/i><\/span>\n(Jehovah<\/span>\n\u8036\u548c\u534e\n\u8036\u548c\u83ef<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d<\/i>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] At the time […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,98,15],"tags":[119,239,238,78,143,46,136],"class_list":["post-3475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-history","category-theocratic","tag-jw-org","tag-lasting-peace-br","tag-new-world-translation-bible","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-related-expressions","tag-translation","tag-usage-examples"],"yoast_head":"\nSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/05\/15\/shangtian\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sh\u00e0ngti\u0101n - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] At the time […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/05\/15\/shangtian\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-15T19:55:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-17T17:36:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/img\/Shangtian_on_jw-org-O-70.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/15\\\/shangtian\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/15\\\/shangtian\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiandi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/86583c7b099e090dfeb296aa818abb57\"},\"headline\":\"Sh\u00e0ngti\u0101n\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-15T19:55:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-17T17:36:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/15\\\/shangtian\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":974,\"commentCount\":1,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/15\\\/shangtian\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/img\\\/Shangtian_on_jw-org-O-70.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"jw.org\",\"Lasting Peace Br.\",\"New World Translation Bible\",\"P\u012bny\u012bn Plus\",\"Related Expressions\",\"Translation\",\"Usage Examples\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\",\"History\",\"Theocratic\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/15\\\/shangtian\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/15\\\/shangtian\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/15\\\/shangtian\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sh\u00e0ngti\u0101n - 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Another example of official material that uses \u201cSh\u00e0ngti\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7ti\u0101n\nAbove\u2019s \u00b7 {Heaven [\u2192 [God]]} \u2192<\/span> [Heaven; Providence; God]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5929)<\/span>\u201d<\/i> when addressing someone who did not know God well is the Mandarin New World Translation<\/i> Bible\u2019s rendering of Daniel\u2019s words to Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 4:26<\/a>:<\/p>\n