{"id":3158,"date":"2023-02-20T08:51:53","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T16:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3158"},"modified":"2024-10-27T07:46:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T14:46:17","slug":"jiaodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/02\/20\/jiaodu\/","title":{"rendered":"ji\u01ceod\u00f9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">ji\u01ceod\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ji\u01ceo\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{horn(-shaped thing) \u2192 [angle]} \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[angle | point of view; perspective]<\/span>\n\u89d2\u5ea6)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%);\"> \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>[<strong>Notes:<\/strong> <span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%)\">Tap\/click on a <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span><span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; <span style=\"color: hsl(45, 85%, 40%)\">tap\/click on a <\/span><span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> <span style=\"color: hsl(45, 85%, 40%)\">or its <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> <span style=\"background-color: hsl(52, 55%, 87%);\">\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <strong>Reveal All<\/strong>, <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> <strong>Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 <strong>Reveal None<\/strong> re all the <span class=\"plusinfotransl\">\u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n<p>One of the publications that is now recommended to be used on Bible studies is the <i>\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">Y\u01d2ngyu\u01cen Xi\u01cengsh\u00f2u M\u011bih\u01ceo de Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\u2014H\u00f9d\u00f2ng Sh\u00ec Sh\u00e8ngj\u012bng K\u00e8ch\u00e9ng<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n((Y\u01d2ng\u00b7yu\u01cen\n<span class=\"lit\">Eternally \u00b7 {Far (in Time)}<\/span>\n\u6c38\u8fdc\n<span class=\"trad\">\u6c38\u9060<\/span>)\n(Xi\u01ceng\u00b7sh\u00f2u\n<span class=\"lit\">Enjoy \u00b7 Receive<\/span>\n\u4eab\u53d7)\n(M\u011bi\u00b7h\u01ceo\n<span class=\"lit\">Beautiful \u00b7 Good<\/span>\n\u7f8e\u597d)\n(de\n<span class=\"lit\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)\n(Sh\u0113ngm\u00ecng\n<span class=\"lit\">Life<\/span>\n\u751f\u547d)\u2014(H\u00f9\u00b7d\u00f2ng\n<span class=\"lit\">{Each Other} \u00b7 Moving \u2192 [Interactive]<\/span>\n\u4e92\u52a8\n<span class=\"trad\">\u4e92\u52d5<\/span>)\n(Sh\u00ec\n(<span class=\"lit\">Type<\/span>\n\u5f0f)\n(Sh\u00e8ng\u00b7j\u012bng\n<span class=\"lit\">Holy \u00b7 Scriptures \u2192 [Bible]<\/span>\n\u5723\u7ecf\n<span class=\"trad\">\u8056\u7d93<\/span>)\n(K\u00e8\u00b7ch\u00e9ng\n<span class=\"lit\">Lessons \u00b7 Procedure \u2192 [Course]<\/span>\n\u8bfe\u7a0b\n<span class=\"trad\">\u8ab2\u7a0b<\/span>)\n<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Enjoy Life Forever!\u2014An Interactive Bible Course (lff)]<\/span>)<\/span>\n<\/i> (<i>Enjoy Life Forever! (lff)<\/i>) book. This week\u2019s MEotW, \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ji\u01ceod\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ji\u01ceo\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{horn(-shaped thing) \u2192 [angle]} \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[angle | point of view; perspective]<\/span>\n\u89d2\u5ea6)<\/span>\u201d, occurs in the <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lff\/Pinyin_Plus\/lff-06-vid.html#v5sub26\" title=\"lff Lesson 06 - Video Transcripts - Enjoy Life Forever! Bk. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\">transcript<\/a> for the video used in lesson 06, point 5 of this book:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/img\/jiaodu-SS-cropped-arrow-60.jpg\" alt=\"Screenshot of \u201cji\u01ceod\u00f9\u201d in _Enjoy Life Forever!_ bk. lesson 06 point 5 _P\u012bny\u012bn_ Plus video transcript\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<p>The <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material for the sentence in the video in which \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ji\u01ceod\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ji\u01ceo\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{horn(-shaped thing) \u2192 [angle]} \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[angle | point of view; perspective]<\/span>\n\u89d2\u5ea6)<\/span>\u201d occurs is as follows:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\n<span onclick=\"plusParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal All\" class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> <span onclick=\"advParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal Advanced\" class=\"plusinfotransl\">\ud83d\udcc4<\/span> <span onclick=\"minusParentNode(this)\" title=\"Reveal None\">\ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">L\u00ecngw\u00e0i<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(L\u00ecng\u00b7w\u00e0i\n<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">separately \u00b7 outside \u2192<\/span> [additionally]<\/span>\n\u53e6\u5916)<\/span>,\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">Sh\u00e8ngj\u012bng<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(Sh\u00e8ng\u00b7j\u012bng\n<span class=\"lit\">(the) Holy \u00b7 Scriptures \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[the Bible]<\/span>\n\u5723\u7ecf\n<span class=\"trad\">\u8056\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">zh\u014dng<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">within\u2019s<\/span>\n\u4e2d)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">gu\u0101ny\u00fa<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(gu\u0101n\u00b7y\u00fa\n<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">{closing \u2192<\/span> [relating]<span class=\"lit\">}<\/span> \u00b7 to<\/span>\n\u5173\u4e8e\n<span class=\"trad\">\u95dc\u65bc<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">Sh\u00e0ngd\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(Sh\u00e0ng\u00b7d\u00ec\n<span class=\"lit\">Above\u2019s \u00b7 {Emperor\u2019s \u2192 [God\u2019s]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[God\u2019s]<\/span>\n\u4e0a\u5e1d)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">chu\u00e0ngsh\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(chu\u00e0ng\u00b7sh\u00ec\n<span class=\"mt\">{initiating, creating of} \u00b7 <span class=\"lit\">{generation \u2192<\/span> [world]<span class=\"lit\">}<\/span><\/span>\n\u521b\u4e16\n<span class=\"trad\">\u5275\u4e16<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">de<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">j\u00ecz\u01cei<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(j\u00ec\u00b7z\u01cei\n<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">recorded \u00b7 writing \u2192<\/span> [account]<\/span>\n\u8bb0\u8f7d\n<span class=\"trad\">\u8a18\u8f09<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">sh\u00ec<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">is<\/span>\n\u662f)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">c\u00f3ng<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">from<\/span>\n\u4ece\n<span class=\"trad\">\u5f9e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">sh\u0113nghu\u00f3<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">living<\/span>\n\u751f\u6d3b)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">z\u00e0i<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">on<\/span>\n\u5728)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">d\u00ecqi\u00fa<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(d\u00ec\u00b7qi\u00fa\n<span class=\"mt\">earth \u00b7 globe<\/span>\n\u5730\u7403)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">shang<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">upon<\/span>\n\u4e0a)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">de<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">r\u00e9n<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">person<\/span>\n\u4eba)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">de<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\n<strong>\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">ji\u01ceod\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ji\u01ceo\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{horn(-shaped thing) \u2192 [angle]} \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[perspective]<\/span>\n\u89d2\u5ea6)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">q\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">{having gone}<\/span>\n\u53bb)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">mi\u00e1osh\u00f9<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(mi\u00e1o\u00b7sh\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{to be traced \u2192 [to be depicted]} \u00b7 {to be related} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[to be described]<\/span>\n\u63cf\u8ff0)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">de<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>.\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Horns, Corners, and Angles<\/h4>\n<p>It\u2019s interesting to consider some of the other expressions that use the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morpheme\" title=\"Morpheme - Wikipedia\">morphemes<\/a> in \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ji\u01ceod\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ji\u01ceo\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{horn(-shaped thing) \u2192 [angle]} \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[angle | point of view; perspective]<\/span>\n\u89d2\u5ea6)<\/span>\u201d. The first morpheme, \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ji\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">{horn [\u2192 [sth. horn-shaped]]} | corner | angle<\/span>\n\u89d2)<\/span>\u201d, seems to literally mean \u201chorn\u201d, and it is also used to refer to things that are shaped like a horn. Probably related to that, it can also mean \u201ccorner\u201d, or \u201cangle\u201d. Some other expressions that include \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ji\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">{horn [\u2192 [sth. horn-shaped]]} | corner | angle<\/span>\n\u89d2)<\/span>\u201d are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>s\u0101nji\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(s\u0101n\u00b7ji\u01ceo\n<span class=\"lit\">three \u00b7 {horns \u2192 [corners]} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[triangle; delta]<\/span>\n\u4e09\u89d2)<\/span>\n\n[<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>x\u00edng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">form; shape<\/span>\n\u5f62)<\/span>]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Interestingly, while in the English-speaking world, we say that a triangle has three sides, Mandarin calls a triangle something with three <em>corners<\/em> (or perhaps <em>angles<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>Recall that in the MEotW <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2021\/10\/18\/deerta\/\" title=\"D\u00e9\u2019\u011brt\u01ce - Mandarin Expression of the Week\">post<\/a> on \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>D\u00e9\u2019\u011brt\u01ce<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Delta<\/span>\n\u5fb7\u5c14\u5854\n<span class=\"trad\">\u5fb7\u723e\u5854<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, this expression was listed as one of the ways to say \u201cDelta\u201d\u2014as in the Delta variant of the virus that causes COVID-19\u2014in Mandarin. (\u201cDelta\u201d is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, and its uppercase form (\u0394) looks like a triangle.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>F\u0113izh\u014du zh\u012b Ji\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n((F\u0113i\u00b7zh\u014du\n<span class=\"lit\">Africa \u00b7 Continent \u2192 [Africa]<\/span>\n\u975e\u6d32)\n(zh\u012b\n<span class=\"lit\">\u2019s<\/span>\n\u4e4b)\n(Ji\u01ceo\n<span class=\"lit\">Horn<\/span>\n\u89d2)\n<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Horn of Africa]<\/span>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ti\u0101ny\u00e1\u2010h\u01ceiji\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n((ti\u0101n\u00b7y\u00e1\n<span class=\"lit\">sky\u2019s \u00b7 boundaries; edges \u2192 [remotest corners of the earth]<\/span>\n\u5929\u6daf)\u2010(h\u01cei\u00b7ji\u01ceo\n<span class=\"lit\">sea\u2019s \u00b7 {horns \u2192 [corners]}<\/span>\n\u6d77\u89d2)\n<span class=\"lit\">\u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[ends of the earth; remotest corners of the earth | separated worlds apart]<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It turns out that there\u2019s actually a real place called \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>Ti\u0101ny\u00e1<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(Ti\u0101n\u00b7y\u00e1\n<span class=\"mt\">Sky\u2019s \u00b7 Edge<\/span>\n\u5929\u6daf)<\/span>\n\n<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>H\u01ceiji\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(H\u01cei\u00b7ji\u01ceo\n<span class=\"mt\"><span class=\"lit\">Sea\u2019s \u00b7 {Horn \u2192 [Corner]} \u2192<\/span> [Cape]<\/span>\n\u6d77\u89d2)<\/span>\u201d, called Cape Haijiao in English, in the vicinity of the city of <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>S\u0101ny\u00e0<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(S\u0101n\u00b7y\u00e0\n<span class=\"lit\">Three \u00b7 Inferiors \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Sanya, a city on Hainan Island, China]<\/span>\n\u4e09\u4e9a\n<span class=\"trad\">\u4e09\u4e9e<\/span>)<\/span>, which is on <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>H\u01cein\u00e1n<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(H\u01cei\u00b7n\u00e1n\n<span class=\"lit\">Sea \u00b7 South \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Hainan]<\/span>\n\u6d77\u5357)<\/span> Island in China.<\/li>\n<li>The Wikipedia <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanya\" title=\"Sanya - Wikipedia\">post<\/a> on <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>S\u0101ny\u00e0<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(S\u0101n\u00b7y\u00e0\n<span class=\"lit\">Three \u00b7 Inferiors \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Sanya, a city on Hainan Island, China]<\/span>\n\u4e09\u4e9a\n<span class=\"trad\">\u4e09\u4e9e<\/span>)<\/span> summarizes for us that:<br \/>\n<blockquote><p>\n\t\t\tSanya&#8217;s history dates to the Qin Dynasty (221\u2013206 BCE). Due to its remoteness from the political centers during the Qin Dynasty, Sanya was sometimes called <i>Tianya Haijiao<\/i> (\u5929\u6daf\u6d77\u89d2), meaning &#8220;the end of the sky and ocean&#8221; or &#8220;the end of the earth&#8221;. As a result, the city served as a place of exile for officials who found themselves out of favor with the country&#8217;s rulers.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Degrees of\u2026<\/h4>\n<p>\u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>D\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">degree; extent; {degree of intensity} | {spend; pass (time)} | [<i>mw for occasions\/times<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u5ea6)<\/span>\u201d, the other morpheme in \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ji\u01ceod\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ji\u01ceo\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{horn(-shaped thing) \u2192 [angle]} \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[angle | point of view; perspective]<\/span>\n\u89d2\u5ea6)<\/span>\u201d, can mean \u201cdegree(s)\u201d, \u201cextent\u201d, or \u201cdegree of intensity\u201d, among other things. Some other expressions that include it are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e1ngd\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ch\u00e1ng\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{being long \u2192 [length]} \u00b7 degree; extent \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[length]<\/span>\n\u957f\u5ea6\n<span class=\"trad\">\u9577\u5ea6<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This expression occurs in the Mandarin <i>Was Life Created?<\/i> brochure, when it makes the point that \u201cthe Hebrew word translated \u2018day\u2019 can mean various lengths of time, not just a 24-hour period\u201d. (<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/cmn-Hans\/wol\/d\/r23\/lp-chs-rb\/1102010234#h=9\" title=\"\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0 \u2014 \u5b88\u671b\u53f0\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e66\u5e93 (P\u012bny\u012bn WOL)\">WOL<\/a>; <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lc\/Pinyin_Plus\/lc-4.html#par6\" title=\"lc Science and the Genesis Account - Was Life Created? Br. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\">Plus<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>s\u00f9d\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(s\u00f9\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{being fast; rapid; quick; speedy \u2192 [speed; velocity]} \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[speed; velocity; tempo; pace; rate]<\/span>\n\u901f\u5ea6)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>w\u0113nd\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(w\u0113n\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{(of) being warm} \u00b7 {degree of intensity} \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[temperature]<\/span>\n\u6e29\u5ea6\n<span class=\"trad\">\u6eab\u5ea6<\/span>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>t\u00e0idu<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(t\u00e0i\u00b7du\n<span class=\"lit\">state \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[attitude; manner]<\/span>\n\u6001\u5ea6\n<span class=\"trad\">\u614b\u5ea6<\/span>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Same Character, Different Words?<\/h4>\n<p>One thing that came to light during the research for this post is that \u201c\u89d2\u201d, the character for the \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ji\u01ceo<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">{horn [\u2192 [sth. horn-shaped]]} | corner | angle<\/span>\n\u89d2)<\/span>\u201d in \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ji\u01ceod\u00f9<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ji\u01ceo\u00b7d\u00f9\n<span class=\"lit\">{horn(-shaped thing) \u2192 [angle]} \u00b7 degree \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[angle | point of view; perspective]<\/span>\n\u89d2\u5ea6)<\/span>\u201d, can also be pronounced \u201c<i>ju\u00e9\u2009<\/i>\u201d, \u201c<i>l\u00f9<\/i>\u201d, or \u201c<i>g\u01d4<\/i>\u201d. For example, it\u2019s pronounced \u201c<i>ju\u00e9\u2009<\/i>\u201d in \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ju\u00e9s\u00e8<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ju\u00e9\u00b7s\u00e8\n<span class=\"mt\">role; part; character \u00b7 <span class=\"lit\">{colour \u2192<\/span> [[theatrical] role]<span class=\"lit\">}<\/span><\/span>\n\u89d2\u8272\n<span class=\"trad\">\u89d2\/\u8173\u8272<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, where it also means something completely different. (Oddly, the first morpheme in \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ju\u00e9s\u00e8<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(ju\u00e9\u00b7s\u00e8\n<span class=\"mt\">role; part; character \u00b7 <span class=\"lit\">{colour \u2192<\/span> [[theatrical] role]<span class=\"lit\">}<\/span><\/span>\n\u89d2\u8272\n<span class=\"trad\">\u89d2\/\u8173\u8272<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d can alternately be written with the character \u201c\u811a\/\u8173\u201d, which, like \u201c\u89d2\u201d, can also be pronounced either \u201c<i>ji\u01ceo<\/i>\u201d or \u201c<i>ju\u00e9\u2009<\/i>\u201d.)<\/p>\n<p>This illustrates that the contention that characters are the best way to disambiguate (tell apart) the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wordnik.com\/words\/homophone\" title=\"homophone - definition and meaning\">homophones<\/a> in Mandarin is problematic. One of the problems is that many characters have multiple possible pronunciations and meanings. Even for a given pronunciation, a character can still have multiple possible meanings. (A classic example is \u201c\u673a\/\u6a5f (<i>\u2009j\u012b\u2009<\/i>)\u201d, as discussed in the MEotW <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/06\/06\/weiji\/\" title=\"w\u0113ij\u012b - Mandarin Expression of the Week\">post<\/a> on \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>w\u0113ij\u012b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(w\u0113i\u00b7j\u012b\n<span class=\"lit\">{ridge of a roof \u2192 [dangerous | endangering]} \u00b7 {incipient moment; crucial point | occasion} | {(for) ridge of a roof \u2192 [(for) danger]} \u00b7 occasion; opportunity \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[crisis]<\/span>\n\u5371\u673a\n<span class=\"trad\">\u5371\u6a5f<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d.) So, the way to tell what pronunciation and what meaning a particular character has basically involves taking the same approach that Mandarin-speakers routinely take to disambiguate homophones when <em>speaking<\/em> Mandarin\u2014consider the <em>context<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Another thing to ponder is that if two Mandarin expressions are pronounced differently and have different meanings, but are written with the same character, do they count as two different words? Or does being written with the same character override their differences and unite them to be one word? There are different viewpoints regarding what is a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Word\" title=\"Word - Wikipedia\">word<\/a> in Mandarin, but I think these two Mandarin expressions should indeed be considered two different words that just happen to be written with the same character, because in linguistics (the scientific study of language), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ling.upenn.edu\/courses\/Fall_2007\/ling001\/approaches.html#:~:text=Speech%20is%20primary%2C%20writing%20is%20secondary%20and%20is%20always%20derivative%20of%20speech.\" title=\"Linguistics 001 -- Perspectives and Approaches\">speech is primary and writing is secondary<\/a>, so the different spoken pronunciations (and meanings!) trump being written with the same character. If you have a different take, please share your reasoning and supporting evidence in the comments.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>For convenience:<\/p>\n<p>The direct link for the current generation <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus resource for the <i>Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> book is:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lff\/Pinyin_Plus\/index.html\" title=\"Enjoy Life Forever! Bk. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\"><i>Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> Bk. (<i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i> Plus, Web)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The short link for Chinese field language-learning links for the <i>Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> book is:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/tiandi.info\/lff\" title=\"tiandi.info - Enjoy Life Forever! Book Links\"><i>Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> Book Links (<strong>tiandi.info\/lff<\/strong>)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> and <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus web material based on the Mandarin <i>Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> book will be made available in the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/lff\/Pinyin_Plus\/index.html\" title=\"Enjoy Life Forever! Bk. (P\u012bny\u012bn Plus, Web)\">Plus<\/a> web resource as time allows.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] One of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,61,98,15],"tags":[25,58,62,56,111,103,97,47,78,143,301,24,208,136,186],"class_list":["post-3158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","category-history","category-theocratic","tag-chinese-characters","tag-context","tag-covid-19","tag-different-perspectives","tag-enjoy-life-forever-br-bk","tag-homophones","tag-linguistics","tag-morphemes","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-related-expressions","tag-short-links","tag-speech","tag-tiandi-info","tag-usage-examples","tag-video-transcripts"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ji\u01ceod\u00f9 - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/02\/20\/jiaodu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ji\u01ceod\u00f9 - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] One of the [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/02\/20\/jiaodu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-20T16:51:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-27T14:46:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/img\/jiaodu-SS-cropped-arrow-60.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@TiandiLinksNews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"tiandi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/20\\\/jiaodu\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/20\\\/jiaodu\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"tiandi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/86583c7b099e090dfeb296aa818abb57\"},\"headline\":\"ji\u01ceod\u00f9\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-20T16:51:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-27T14:46:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/20\\\/jiaodu\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1505,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/20\\\/jiaodu\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/troubadourworks.com\\\/tiandi\\\/meotw\\\/img\\\/jiaodu-SS-cropped-arrow-60.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Chinese Characters\",\"Context\",\"COVID-19\",\"Different Perspectives\",\"Enjoy Life Forever! 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