{"id":3115,"date":"2023-02-06T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3115"},"modified":"2026-02-07T22:03:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T06:03:02","slug":"wuye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/02\/06\/wuye\/","title":{"rendered":"w\u01d4y\u00e8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tw\u01d4y\u00e8+<\/sup><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \u2795 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \u2795 Reveal + Symbols<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

At the time of this writing, jw.org<\/a> was featuring the article \u201cScientists Move the Doomsday Clock Forward\u2014What Does the Bible Say?<\/a>\u201d. The Mandarin version<\/a> of this article uses \u201cM\u00f2r\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(M\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nEnd \u00b7 {Sun \u2192 [Day]} \u2192<\/span> [Doomsday]<\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\n\nSh\u00edzh\u014dng<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00ed\u00b7zh\u014dng\n{(Particular) Times} \u00b7 Clock \u2192<\/span> [Clock]<\/span>\n\u65f6\u949f\n\u6642\u9418<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d to translate \u201cDoomsday Clock\u201d (see the MEotW post<\/a> on \u201csh\u00ecji\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(sh\u00ec\u00b7ji\u00e8\n{generation \u2192 [world]} \u00b7 extent\u2019s \u2192<\/span> [world\u2019s]<\/span>\n\u4e16\u754c)<\/span>\n\nm\u00f2r\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(m\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nend \u00b7 {sun \u2192<\/span> [day]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\u201d for some info on \u201cm\u00f2r\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(m\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nend \u00b7 {sun \u2192 [day]} [\u2192 [doomsday]]<\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\u201d), and it uses this week\u2019s MEotW, \u201cw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\u201d to translate \u201cmidnight\u201d. Many Mandarin field language learners will be familiar with \u201cy\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(night; evening<\/span>\n\u591c\n\u591c\/\u4eb1<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, which means \u201cnight\u201d or \u201cevening\u201d, but what does \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d mean?<\/p>\n

Earthly Branches<\/h4>\n

As shown in the P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus information for \u201cw\u01d4<\/i>+<\/sup><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d, its literal meaning is \u201c7th of the 12 Earthly Branches\u201d. What in the world are the \u201cEarthly Branches\u201d? Wikipedia<\/a> summarizes for us that:<\/p>\n

\nThe twelve Earthly Branches<\/strong> or Terrestrial Branches<\/strong>[source]<\/a><\/sup> are a Chinese ordering system used throughout East Asia in various contexts<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

One of those contexts in which the Earthly Branches are traditionally used by the Chinese is to name the twelve two-hour periods that they divided each day into. In this system, the seventh Earthly Branch \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d is the name of the two-hour period from 11 am to 1 pm, which has noon at its centre. Thus, \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d is associated with \u201cnoon\u201d, and we get expressions such as \u201cw\u01d4c\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7c\u0101n\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [noon]} \u00b7 meal \u2192<\/span> [lunch]<\/span>\n\u5348\u9910)<\/span>\u201d, meaning \u201cnoon meal\u201d, or \u201clunch\u201d.<\/p>\n

Wait a minute\u2026how did an expression that\u2019s associated with \u201cnoon\u201d end up getting used in an expression that means \u201cmidnight\u201d? This apparently happened because of a different<\/em> context in which the Earthly Branches are also used, that of directions. In this context, \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d is used to mean \u201csouth\u201d. Wait a minute\u2026again\u2026isn\u2019t south at the bottom<\/em> of a compass, while midnight is at the top<\/em> of a clock? Well, check out this chart of the Chinese directions:<\/p>\n

\"Directions<\/p>\n

Directions used by Chinese mariners, astronomers, etc. By ancient Chinese convention, south, named \u201cw\u01d4<\/span>+<\/sup><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} \u2192<\/span> [south]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d, is placed at the top, in the midnight position.<\/i>
\n\"Creative<\/a> Locoluis<\/a>
\n<\/p>\n

Indeed, the Mandarin word for \u201ccompass\u201d, \u201czh\u01d0n\u00e1n\u2010zh\u0113n<\/i>+<\/sup><\/span>\n((zh\u01d0\u00b7n\u00e1n\n{(points with) finger \u2192 [points]} \u00b7 south<\/span>\n\u6307\u5357)\u2010(zh\u0113n\nneedle<\/span>\n\u9488\n\u91dd<\/span>)\n\u2192<\/span> [compass]<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d (a past MEotW<\/a>), which actually means \u201cpoints south needle\u201d, embodies that the ancient Chinese viewed north and south from the opposite viewpoint compared to modern Westerners, whose convention is that a compass needle points north. (Of course, as one end of a compass needle is pointing north, the other end is simultaneously pointing south, so both viewpoints are correct\u2014they\u2019re just coming from different directions.) Thus, on a compass marked with the Chinese directions, south is placed at the top, where a clock puts midnight. This, apparently, is how we get \u201cw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\u201d, which means \u201csouth night\u201d and is used to mean \u201cmidnight\u201d.<\/p>\n

Heavenly Stems<\/h4>\n

By the way, often used with the Earthly Branches are the Heavenly Stems<\/a>. Anyone who\u2019s been in the Mandarin field for a while will have already seen some of them, albeit probably without knowing it\u2014if, say, a paragraph in an English Watchtower<\/i> study article has more than one study question, the questions would be labelled with the ordinals<\/a> \u201ca\u201d, \u201cb\u201d, \u201cc\u201d, etc., and the corresponding study questions in the Mandarin version would be labelled with the ordinals \u201cJi\u01ce<\/i><\/span>\n({1st of the 10 Heavenly Stems} \u2192<\/span> [a]<\/span>\n\u7532)<\/span>\u201d, \u201cY\u01d0<\/i><\/span>\n({2nd of the 10 Heavenly Stems} \u2192<\/span> [b]<\/span>\n\u4e59)<\/span>\u2009\u201d, \u201cB\u01d0ng<\/i><\/span>\n({3rd of the 10 Heavenly Stems} \u2192<\/span> [c]<\/span>\n\u4e19)<\/span>\u201d, etc., which are part of the Heavenly Stems Chinese system of ordinals.<\/p>\n

Usage Example<\/h4>\n

Here is an example of \u201cw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\u201d in use, taken from the above-mentioned jw.org<\/a> article:<\/p>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\n\u201cScientists revealed on Tuesday that the \u2018Doomsday Clock\u2019 has been moved up to 90 seconds before midnight<\/strong>\u2014the closest humanity has ever been to armageddon.\u201d\u2014ABC News.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\u201cK\u0113xu\u00e9ji\u0101+<\/sup><\/span>\n(K\u0113\u00b7xu\u00e9\u00b7ji\u0101\n{branches of study \u00b7 learning \u2192 [science]} \u00b7 -ists \u2192<\/span> [scientists]<\/span>\n\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\n\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nz\u00e0i<\/span>\n(on<\/span>\n\u5728)<\/span>\n\nZh\u014du\u2019\u00e8r<\/span>\n(Zh\u014du\u2019\u00b7\u00e8r\n{Circle \u2192 [Week(day)]} \u00b7 Two \u2192<\/span> [Tuesday]<\/span>\n\u5468\u4e8c\n\u5468\/\u9031\u4e8c<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00edhou<\/span>\n({(particular) time}<\/span>\n\u65f6\u5019\n\u6642\u5019<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\nji\u0101ng<\/span>\n(took<\/span>\n\u5c06\n\u5c07<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nM\u00f2r\u00ec<\/span>\n(M\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nEnd \u00b7 {Sun \u2192 [Day]} \u2192<\/span> [Doomsday]<\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\n\nSh\u00edzh\u014dng<\/span>\n(Sh\u00ed\u00b7zh\u014dng\n{(Particular) Times} \u00b7 Clock \u2192<\/span> [Clock]<\/span>\n\u65f6\u949f\n\u6642\u9418<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nti\u00e1oku\u00e0i<\/span>\n(ti\u00e1o\u00b7ku\u00e0i\n{to be adjusted} \u00b7 {to be fast(er) \u2192<\/span> [to be farther ahead]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u8c03\u5feb\n\u8abf\u5feb<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nle<\/span>\n([indicates a change<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u4e86)<\/span>,\n\nj\u00f9l\u00ed<\/span>\n(j\u00f9\u00b7l\u00ed\n{to be apart from} \u00b7 {to be leaving from \u2192<\/span> [to be at a distance from]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u8ddd\u79bb\n\u8ddd\u96e2<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\nw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\nzh\u01d0<\/span>\n(just<\/span>\n\u53ea\n\u53ea\/\u79d6\/\u8879\/\u7947<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00e8ng<\/span>\n({having remaining}<\/span>\n\u5269\n\u5269\/\u8cf8<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n90\n\nmi\u01ceo<\/span>\n(seconds<\/span>\n\u79d2)<\/span>,\n\nsh\u00ec<\/span>\n((this) is<\/span>\n\u662f)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9nl\u00e8i<\/span>\n(r\u00e9n\u00b7l\u00e8i\nhuman\u00b7kind\u2019s<\/span>\n\u4eba\u7c7b\n\u4eba\u985e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nsh\u01d0<\/span>\n(history<\/span>\n\u53f2)<\/span>\n\nshang<\/span>\n(upon<\/span>\n\u4e0a)<\/span>\n\nzu\u00ec<\/span>\n(most<\/span>\n\u6700\n\u6700\/\u3761<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nji\u0113j\u00ecn<\/span>\n(ji\u0113\u00b7j\u00ecn\n{coming close to} \u00b7 {to be near}<\/span>\n\u63a5\u8fd1)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00ecji\u00e8<\/span>\n(sh\u00ec\u00b7ji\u00e8\n{generation \u2192 [world]} \u00b7 extent\u2019s \u2192<\/span> [world\u2019s]<\/span>\n\u4e16\u754c)<\/span>\n\nm\u00f2r\u00ec<\/span>\n(m\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nend \u00b7 {sun \u2192<\/span> [day]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00edk\u00e8+<\/sup><\/span>\n(sh\u00ed\u00b7k\u00e8\n{(particular) time} \u00b7 {carving \u2192<\/span> [moment]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u65f6\u523b\n\u6642\u523b<\/span>)<\/span>.\u201d\u2014ABC\n\nX\u012bnw\u00e9n<\/span>\n(X\u012bn\u00b7w\u00e9n\nNew \u00b7 {(That Which) Is Heard} \u2192<\/span> [News]<\/span>\n\u65b0\u95fb\n\u65b0\u805e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n(Y\u012bngy\u01d4<\/span>\n(Y\u012bng\u00b7y\u01d4\nEnglish \u00b7 language<\/span>\n\u82f1\u8bed\n\u82f1\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>)\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \u2795 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \u2795 Reveal + Symbols re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] At the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[36,61],"tags":[37,217,57,56,214,113,215,119,216,78,143,46,136],"class_list":["post-3115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","tag-chinese-culture","tag-chinese-directions","tag-compass","tag-different-perspectives","tag-earthly-branches","tag-eastern-culture","tag-heavenly-stems","tag-jw-org","tag-ordinals","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-related-expressions","tag-translation","tag-usage-examples"],"yoast_head":"\nw\u01d4y\u00e8 - 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