{"id":3115,"date":"2023-02-06T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=3115"},"modified":"2026-02-07T22:03:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T06:03:02","slug":"wuye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2023\/02\/06\/wuye\/","title":{"rendered":"w\u01d4y\u00e8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

[Notes:<\/strong> Tap\/click on a P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to reveal its <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>; tap\/click on a <\/span>\u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span> or its P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> expression to hide the<\/span> \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>. \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6<\/span> Reveal All<\/strong>, \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> Reveal Advanced<\/strong>, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None<\/strong> re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d<\/span> in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.]<\/p>\n

At the time of this writing, jw.org<\/a> was featuring the article \u201cScientists Move the Doomsday Clock Forward\u2014What Does the Bible Say?<\/a>\u201d. The Mandarin version<\/a> of this article uses \u201cM\u00f2r\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(M\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nEnd \u00b7 {Sun \u2192 [Day]} \u2192<\/span> [Doomsday]<\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\n\nSh\u00edzh\u014dng<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00ed\u00b7zh\u014dng\n{(Particular) Times} \u00b7 Clock \u2192<\/span> [Clock]<\/span>\n\u65f6\u949f\n\u6642\u9418<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d to translate \u201cDoomsday Clock\u201d (see the MEotW post<\/a> on \u201csh\u00ecji\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(sh\u00ec\u00b7ji\u00e8\n{generation \u2192 [world]} \u00b7 extent\u2019s \u2192<\/span> [world\u2019s]<\/span>\n\u4e16\u754c)<\/span>\n\nm\u00f2r\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(m\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nend \u00b7 {sun \u2192<\/span> [day]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\u201d for some info on \u201cm\u00f2r\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(m\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nend \u00b7 {sun \u2192 [day]} [\u2192 [doomsday]]<\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\u201d), and it uses this week\u2019s MEotW, \u201cw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\u201d to translate \u201cmidnight\u201d. Many Mandarin field language learners will be familiar with \u201cy\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(night; evening<\/span>\n\u591c\n\u591c\/\u4eb1<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, which means \u201cnight\u201d or \u201cevening\u201d, but what does \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d mean?<\/p>\n

Earthly Branches<\/h4>\n

As shown in the P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus information for \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d, its literal meaning is \u201c7th of the 12 Earthly Branches\u201d. What in the world are the \u201cEarthly Branches\u201d? Wikipedia<\/a> summarizes for us that:<\/p>\n

\nThe twelve Earthly Branches<\/strong> or Terrestrial Branches<\/strong>[source]<\/a><\/sup> are a Chinese ordering system used throughout East Asia in various contexts<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

One of those contexts in which the Earthly Branches are traditionally used by the Chinese is to name the twelve two-hour periods that they divided each day into. In this system, the seventh Earthly Branch \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d is the name of the two-hour period from 11 am to 1 pm, which has noon at its centre. Thus, \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d is associated with \u201cnoon\u201d, and we get expressions such as \u201cw\u01d4c\u0101n<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7c\u0101n\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [noon]} \u00b7 meal \u2192<\/span> [lunch]<\/span>\n\u5348\u9910)<\/span>\u201d, meaning \u201cnoon meal\u201d, or \u201clunch\u201d.<\/p>\n

Wait a minute\u2026how did an expression that\u2019s associated with \u201cnoon\u201d end up getting used in an expression that means \u201cmidnight\u201d? This apparently happened because of a different<\/em> context in which the Earthly Branches are also used, that of directions. In this context, \u201cw\u01d4<\/i><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} [\u2192 [noon | midnight | south]]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d is used to mean \u201csouth\u201d. Wait a minute\u2026again\u2026isn\u2019t south at the bottom<\/em> of a compass, while midnight is at the top<\/em> of a clock? Well, check out this chart of the Chinese directions:<\/p>\n

\"Directions<\/p>\n

Directions used by Chinese mariners, astronomers, etc. By ancient Chinese convention, south, named \u201cw\u01d4<\/span><\/span>\n({7th of the 12 Earthly Branches} \u2192<\/span> [south]<\/span>\n\u5348)<\/span>\u201d, is placed at the top, in the midnight position.<\/i>
\n\"Creative<\/a> Locoluis<\/a>
\n<\/p>\n

Indeed, the Mandarin word for \u201ccompass\u201d, \u201czh\u01d0n\u00e1n\u2010zh\u0113n<\/i><\/span>\n((zh\u01d0\u00b7n\u00e1n\n{(points with) finger \u2192 [points]} \u00b7 south<\/span>\n\u6307\u5357)\u2010(zh\u0113n\nneedle<\/span>\n\u9488\n\u91dd<\/span>)\n\u2192<\/span> [compass]<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d (a past MEotW<\/a>), which actually means \u201cpoints south needle\u201d, embodies that the ancient Chinese viewed north and south from the opposite viewpoint compared to modern Westerners, whose convention is that a compass needle points north. (Of course, as one end of a compass needle is pointing north, the other end is simultaneously pointing south, so both viewpoints are correct\u2014they\u2019re just coming from different directions.) Thus, on a compass marked with the Chinese directions, south is placed at the top, where a clock puts midnight. This, apparently, is how we get \u201cw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\u201d, which means \u201csouth night\u201d and is used to mean \u201cmidnight\u201d.<\/p>\n

Heavenly Stems<\/h4>\n

By the way, often used with the Earthly Branches are the Heavenly Stems<\/a>. Anyone who\u2019s been in the Mandarin field for a while will have already seen some of them, albeit probably without knowing it\u2014if, say, a paragraph in an English Watchtower<\/i> study article has more than one study question, the questions would be labelled with the ordinals<\/a> \u201ca\u201d, \u201cb\u201d, \u201cc\u201d, etc., and the corresponding study questions in the Mandarin version would be labelled with the ordinals \u201cJi\u01ce<\/i><\/span>\n({1st of the 10 Heavenly Stems} \u2192<\/span> [a]<\/span>\n\u7532)<\/span>\u201d, \u201cY\u01d0<\/i><\/span>\n({2nd of the 10 Heavenly Stems} \u2192<\/span> [b]<\/span>\n\u4e59)<\/span>\u2009\u201d, \u201cB\u01d0ng<\/i><\/span>\n({3rd of the 10 Heavenly Stems} \u2192<\/span> [c]<\/span>\n\u4e19)<\/span>\u201d, etc., which are part of the Heavenly Stems Chinese system of ordinals.<\/p>\n

Usage Example<\/h4>\n

Here is an example of \u201cw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/i><\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\u201d in use, taken from the above-mentioned jw.org<\/a> article:<\/p>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\n\u201cScientists revealed on Tuesday that the \u2018Doomsday Clock\u2019 has been moved up to 90 seconds before midnight<\/strong>\u2014the closest humanity has ever been to armageddon.\u201d\u2014ABC News.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\n\u201cK\u0113xu\u00e9ji\u0101<\/span>\n(K\u0113\u00b7xu\u00e9\u00b7ji\u0101\n{branches of study \u00b7 learning \u2192 [science]} \u00b7 -ists \u2192<\/span> [scientists]<\/span>\n\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\n\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nz\u00e0i<\/span>\n(on<\/span>\n\u5728)<\/span>\n\nZh\u014du\u2019\u00e8r<\/span>\n(Zh\u014du\u2019\u00b7\u00e8r\n{Circle \u2192 [Week(day)]} \u00b7 Two \u2192<\/span> [Tuesday]<\/span>\n\u5468\u4e8c\n\u5468\/\u9031\u4e8c<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00edhou<\/span>\n({(particular) time}<\/span>\n\u65f6\u5019\n\u6642\u5019<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\nji\u0101ng<\/span>\n(took<\/span>\n\u5c06\n\u5c07<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nM\u00f2r\u00ec<\/span>\n(M\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nEnd \u00b7 {Sun \u2192 [Day]} \u2192<\/span> [Doomsday]<\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\n\nSh\u00edzh\u014dng<\/span>\n(Sh\u00ed\u00b7zh\u014dng\n{(Particular) Times} \u00b7 Clock \u2192<\/span> [Clock]<\/span>\n\u65f6\u949f\n\u6642\u9418<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nti\u00e1oku\u00e0i<\/span>\n(ti\u00e1o\u00b7ku\u00e0i\n{to be adjusted} \u00b7 {to be fast(er) \u2192<\/span> [to be farther ahead]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u8c03\u5feb\n\u8abf\u5feb<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nle<\/span>\n([indicates a change<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u4e86)<\/span>,\n\nj\u00f9l\u00ed<\/span>\n(j\u00f9\u00b7l\u00ed\n{to be apart from} \u00b7 {to be leaving from \u2192<\/span> [to be at a distance from]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u8ddd\u79bb\n\u8ddd\u96e2<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n\nw\u01d4y\u00e8<\/span>\n(w\u01d4\u00b7y\u00e8\n{7th of the 12 Earthly Branches \u2192 [south (placed at the midnight position of Chinese directions charts)]} \u00b7 night \u2192<\/span> [midnight]<\/span>\n\u5348\u591c)<\/span>\n<\/strong>\n\nzh\u01d0<\/span>\n(just<\/span>\n\u53ea\n\u53ea\/\u79d6\/\u8879\/\u7947<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00e8ng<\/span>\n({having remaining}<\/span>\n\u5269\n\u5269\/\u8cf8<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n90\n\nmi\u01ceo<\/span>\n(seconds<\/span>\n\u79d2)<\/span>,\n\nsh\u00ec<\/span>\n((this) is<\/span>\n\u662f)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9nl\u00e8i<\/span>\n(r\u00e9n\u00b7l\u00e8i\nhuman\u00b7kind\u2019s<\/span>\n\u4eba\u7c7b\n\u4eba\u985e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nsh\u01d0<\/span>\n(history<\/span>\n\u53f2)<\/span>\n\nshang<\/span>\n(upon<\/span>\n\u4e0a)<\/span>\n\nzu\u00ec<\/span>\n(most<\/span>\n\u6700\n\u6700\/\u3761<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nji\u0113j\u00ecn<\/span>\n(ji\u0113\u00b7j\u00ecn\n{coming close to} \u00b7 {to be near}<\/span>\n\u63a5\u8fd1)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00ecji\u00e8<\/span>\n(sh\u00ec\u00b7ji\u00e8\n{generation \u2192 [world]} \u00b7 extent\u2019s \u2192<\/span> [world\u2019s]<\/span>\n\u4e16\u754c)<\/span>\n\nm\u00f2r\u00ec<\/span>\n(m\u00f2\u00b7r\u00ec\nend \u00b7 {sun \u2192<\/span> [day]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u672b\u65e5)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00edk\u00e8<\/span>\n(sh\u00ed\u00b7k\u00e8\n{(particular) time} \u00b7 {carving \u2192<\/span> [moment]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u65f6\u523b\n\u6642\u523b<\/span>)<\/span>.\u201d\u2014ABC\n\nX\u012bnw\u00e9n<\/span>\n(X\u012bn\u00b7w\u00e9n\nNew \u00b7 {(That Which) Is Heard} \u2192<\/span> [News]<\/span>\n\u65b0\u95fb\n\u65b0\u805e<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n(Y\u012bngy\u01d4<\/span>\n(Y\u012bng\u00b7y\u01d4\nEnglish \u00b7 language<\/span>\n\u82f1\u8bed\n\u82f1\u8a9e<\/span>)<\/span>)\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Notes: Tap\/click on a expression to reveal its \u201cflashcard\u201d; tap\/click on a \u201cflashcard\u201d or its expression to hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d. \ud83d\udcd6 \ud83d\udcc4 \ud83d\udcd8 icons mean \ud83d\udcd6 Reveal All, \ud83d\udcc4 Reveal Advanced, and \ud83d\udcd8 Reveal None re all the \u201cflashcards\u201d in the heading, paragraph, etc. that they are placed at the beginning of.] At the time […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,61],"tags":[37,217,57,56,214,113,215,119,216,78,143,46,136],"class_list":["post-3115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-current-events","tag-chinese-culture","tag-chinese-directions","tag-compass","tag-different-perspectives","tag-earthly-branches","tag-eastern-culture","tag-heavenly-stems","tag-jw-org","tag-ordinals","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-related-expressions","tag-translation","tag-usage-examples"],"yoast_head":"\nw\u01d4y\u00e8 - 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