{"id":2777,"date":"2022-11-14T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=2777"},"modified":"2023-08-20T11:40:21","modified_gmt":"2023-08-20T18:40:21","slug":"lijing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/11\/14\/lijing\/","title":{"rendered":"l\u00ecj\u012bng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tl\u00ecj\u012bng<\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

One of the unique features of P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material at this time is P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus video transcripts. These should help us Mandarin field language learners to analyze and understand the Mandarin speech<\/strong> used in the many videos referenced in the Mandarin Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> book, for example. This in turn should help us make more effective use of these videos while participating in Mandarin Bible discussions using this book. Hopefully in the future, P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus transcripts will also be available for other publications that use videos.<\/p>\n

\"lff<\/a><\/p>\n

The P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus transcript<\/a> for the video used in lesson 04 point 5 of the Mandarin Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> book contains the expression \u201cl\u00ecj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, which is this week\u2019s MEotW:<\/p>\n

\n\n51
\n00:03:12,542 \u2192 00:03:14,344
\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nL\u00ecj\u012bng<\/span>\n(L\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{having gone through} \u00b7 {having experienced \u2192<\/span> [having endured]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nqi\u0101nx\u012bn\u2010w\u00e0nk\u01d4<\/span>\n((qi\u0101n\u00b7x\u012bn\n{a thousand} \u00b7 {(things) being hot in taste \u2192 [sufferings]}<\/span>\n\u5343\u8f9b)\u2010(w\u00e0n\u00b7k\u01d4\n{ten thousand} \u00b7 {(things) being bitter \u2192 [hardships]}<\/span>\n\u4e07\u82e6\n\u842c\u82e6<\/span>)\n\u2192<\/span> [innumerable trials and tribulations (an interweaving of qi\u0101nw\u00e0n<\/i> and x\u012bnk\u01d4<\/i>)]<\/span>)<\/span>,\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cL\u00ecj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(L\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d is noteworthy especially because of the meanings of the morphemes<\/a> that make it up, and because of some of the other expressions that these morphemes are used in.<\/p>\n

Mirrors, Histories, and Calendars<\/h4>\n

First, note that when written in Chinese characters, \u201cl\u00ecj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d (\u5386\u7ecf) is an anadrome<\/a> (a word which is a different word spelled backwards, its mirror image, if you will) of \u201cj\u012bngl\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7l\u00ec\n{pass\/go through}; undergo; experience \u00b7 {experience (v<\/i>)} | {passed\/gone through; undergone; experienced (thing)} \u00b7 {experience (n<\/i>)} \u2192<\/span> [experience (n<\/i>)]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u5386\n\u7d93\u6b77<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d (\u7ecf\u5386), which in its verb form seems to mean basically the same thing as \u201cl\u00ecj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d. (A \u201cj\u012bngl\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7l\u00ec\n{experienced (thing)} \u00b7 {experience (n<\/i>)} \u2192<\/span> [experience (n<\/i>)]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u5386\n\u7d93\u6b77<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d (noun) is an \u201cexperience\u201d, but in contrast, it seems that \u201cl\u00ecj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d is not used as a noun.)<\/p>\n

Interestingly, the \u201cl\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n({pass\/go through}; experience; undergo | {experienced (thing[s])} \u2192<\/span> [experience[s]; record; history] | experienced \u2192<\/span> [all previous] | calendar<\/span>\n\u5386\n\u6b77<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d in \u201cl\u00ecj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d is also used in \u201cl\u00ecsh\u01d0<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7sh\u01d0\n{experienced (things) \u2192 [history; record[s]} \u00b7 history \u2192<\/span> [history; record[s]]<\/span>\n\u5386\u53f2\n\u6b77\u53f2<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, and in \u201cL\u00ecd\u00e0izh\u00ec Sh\u00e0ng<\/i><\/span>\n((L\u00ec\u00b7d\u00e0i\u00b7zh\u00ec\n{Experienced \u2192 [All Previous]} \u00b7 {Replacings \u2192 [Generations]} \u00b7 Records<\/span>\n\u5386\u4ee3\u5fd7\n\u6b77\u4ee3\u5fd7<\/span>)\n(Sh\u00e0ng\nUpper<\/span>\n\u4e0a)\n\u2192<\/span> [1 Chronicles]<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d and \u201cL\u00ecd\u00e0izh\u00ec Xi\u00e0<\/i><\/span>\n((L\u00ec\u00b7d\u00e0i\u00b7zh\u00ec\n{Experienced \u2192 [All Previous]} \u00b7 {Replacings \u2192 [Generations]} \u00b7 Records<\/span>\n\u5386\u4ee3\u5fd7\n\u6b77\u4ee3\u5fd7<\/span>)\n(Xi\u00e0\nLower<\/span>\n\u4e0b)\n\u2192<\/span> [2 Chronicles]<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d.<\/p>\n

In its meaning as \u201ccalendar\u201d, this \u201cl\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n({pass\/go through}; experience; undergo | {experienced (thing[s])} \u2192<\/span> [experience[s]; record; history] | experienced \u2192<\/span> [all previous] | calendar<\/span>\n\u5386\n\u6b77<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d also appears in, for example, \u201cg\u014dngl\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(g\u014dng\u00b7l\u00ec\n{common \u2192<\/span> [Gregorian]}<\/span> \u00b7 calendar<\/span>\n\u516c\u5386\n\u516c\u66c6<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, meaning \u201cGregorian calendar\u201d. Connected to this, the Referenced Theo. Expressions (RTE)<\/i><\/a> resource has an interesting entry on \u201cG\u014dngl\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(G\u014dng\u00b7l\u00ec\n{Common \u2192<\/span> [Gregorian]}<\/span> \u00b7 Calendar<\/span>\n\u516c\u5386\n\u516c\u66c6<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nJ\u00ecyu\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(J\u00ec\u00b7yu\u00e1n\nEra \u00b7 Unit \u2192<\/span> [Era]<\/span>\n\u7eaa\u5143\n\u7d00\u5143<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d:<\/p>\n

\ncommon era; wtl09 index sync. Lit. “Gregorian-calendar beginning-of-era”. Often abbreviated to \u516c\u5143 g\u014dngyu\u00e1n (see 2001 NWT’s table of books). Note that in Chinese you put \u516c\u5143 and \u516c\u5143\u524d BEFORE the year number, not after it as in English. E.g. \u516c\u514329\u5e74 = 29C.E.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Warp, Weft, and Scriptures<\/h4>\n

The \u201cj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n({pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]} | scripture; canon; classics | constant; regular | {warp (textiles)} [\u2192 [longitude]]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\n\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d in \u201cl\u00ecj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d also appears in some noteworthy expressions. Since it can mean \u201cpass through; undergo; experience\u201d, it\u2019s no surprise that \u201cj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n({pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]} | scripture; canon; classics | constant; regular | {warp (textiles)} [\u2192 [longitude]]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\n\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d appears in \u201cj\u012bnggu\u00f2<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7gu\u00f2\n{pass through} \u00b7 pass; cross [\u2192 [go through; undergo]]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u8fc7\n\u7d93\u904e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d and in \u201cj\u012bngy\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7y\u00e0n\n{having passed through} \u00b7 testing \u2192<\/span> [experience]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u9a8c\n\u7d93\u9a57<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d. (J\u012bngy\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(J\u012bng\u00b7y\u00e0n\n{having passed through} \u00b7 testing \u2192<\/span> [experience]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u9a8c\n\u7d93\u9a57<\/span>)<\/span> (experience) is what one gains after going through j\u012bngl\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7l\u00ec\n{experienced (things)} \u00b7 experiences \u2192<\/span> [experiences]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u5386\n\u7d93\u6b77<\/span>)<\/span> (experiences), although an experience can also be called a j\u012bngy\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7y\u00e0n\n{having passed through} \u00b7 testing \u2192<\/span> [experience]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u9a8c\n\u7d93\u9a57<\/span>)<\/span>.)<\/p>\n

\u201cJ\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n({pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]} | scripture; canon; classics | constant; regular | {warp (textiles)} [\u2192 [longitude]]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\n\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d also has a meaning\u2014possibly its root meaning\u2014of \u201cwarp\u201d, a term from weaving. As summarized by Wikipedia<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\nWarp<\/b> and weft<\/b> are the two basic components used in weaving to turn thread or yarn into fabric. The lengthwise or longitudinal warp<\/b> yarns are held stationary in tension on a frame or loom while the transverse weft<\/b> (sometimes woof<\/b>) is drawn through and inserted over and under the warp.[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Thus, in the picture below, the warp is the threads that are mounted on the loom, that go up and down, and the weft is the threads that go left and right.<\/p>\n

\"Diagram
\n\"Public Some rights reserved<\/a> by Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D.<\/a><\/p>\n

Note that the quote above from Wikipedia calls the warp the longitudinal<\/em> threads. Mandarin takes this comparison to the place of actually using \u201cj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n({pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]} | scripture; canon; classics | constant; regular | {warp (textiles)} [\u2192 [longitude]]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\n\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d to also mean \u201clongitude\u201d, as used in geography. So, \u201cj\u012bngw\u011bi<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7w\u011bi\n{warp (textiles) [\u2192 [longitude]]} \u00b7 {weft; woof [\u2192 [latitude]]} [\u2192 [logical planning; plan; orderliness | situation; state of affairs | manage; administer]]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u7eac\n\u7d93\u7def<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, which means \u201cwarp and weft\u201d in weaving, also means \u201clongitude and latitude\u201d in geography.<\/p>\n

Of course, as students of the Bible, we Mandarin field language learners should also be aware that the \u201cj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n({pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]} | scripture; canon; classics | constant; regular | {warp (textiles)} [\u2192 [longitude]]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\n\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d in \u201cl\u00ecj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(l\u00ec\u00b7j\u012bng\n{go through}; experience; undergo \u00b7 {pass through; undergo; experience [\u2192 [bear; endure]]}<\/span>\n\u5386\u7ecf\n\u6b77\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d can mean \u201cscripture\u201d. So, it appears in expressions that we see and hear a lot, like \u201cSh\u00e8ngj\u012bng<\/i><\/span>\n(Sh\u00e8ng\u00b7j\u012bng\n(the) Holy \u00b7 Scriptures \u2192<\/span> [the Bible]<\/span>\n\u5723\u7ecf\n\u8056\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, \u201cj\u012bngw\u00e9n<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7w\u00e9n\nscripture \u00b7 writing \u2192<\/span> [scripture]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u6587\n\u7d93\u6587<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, and j\u012bngju\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(j\u012bng\u00b7ju\u00e0n\nscripture \u00b7 volume [\u2192 [Bible book]]<\/span>\n\u7ecf\u5377\n\u7d93\u5377<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\n

For convenience:<\/p>\n

The direct link for the current generation P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together of} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus resource for the Enjoy Life Forever!<\/i> book is:<\/p>\n