{"id":2756,"date":"2022-11-07T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=2756"},"modified":"2022-11-08T15:01:27","modified_gmt":"2022-11-08T23:01:27","slug":"jidu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/11\/07\/jidu\/","title":{"rendered":"J\u012bd\u016b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">J\u012bd\u016b<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%);\"> \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p>Earlier <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material rendered the English meaning of \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d as \u201cFoundation \u00b7 {Directing (Person)} \u2192 [Christ]\u201d, on the supposition that the meanings of the Mandarin syllables used in \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d may have mattered in their selection for inclusion in \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d. (In contrast, \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>Y\u0113s\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Jesus<\/span>\n\u8036\u7a23\n<span class=\"trad\">\u8036\u7a4c<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d (Jesus) is a name, not a title like \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d is, so, like the Mandarin syllables used in other Mandarin names of Bible personages, the Mandarin syllables for \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>Y\u0113s\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Jesus<\/span>\n\u8036\u7a23\n<span class=\"trad\">\u8036\u7a4c<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d were obviously also chosen mainly for their sounds, with only secondary consideration given to their meanings.) Unfortunately, while it seems to make some sense, it turns out that this earlier rendering of the English meaning of \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d was a case of Trying Too Hard \ud83d\ude1c. (Oh, well, as I once heard a cable guy say as he was preparing to make a new cable, \u201ctoo much is better than not enough\u201d.)<\/p>\n<p>Now, when one looks up \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d in the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus Expressions <a title=\"P\u012bny\u012bn Plus Expressions (Web)\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/ref\/Pinyin_Plus_Expressions.html\">resource<\/a>, one will see a note about why the English meaning of \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d is now simply rendered as \u201cChrist\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\t\t\t<i>(This is a transcription of \u201cChrist\u201d, so the syllables were chosen mainly for their sound, not their meaning. For more info, see this <a href=\"https:\/\/languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu\/nll\/?p=49247\" title=\"Language Log \u00bb Eat vinegar, Jesus Christ, and Middle Persian\">Language Log post<\/a> by Victor Mair.)<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Who Is Victor Mair and What Did He Say About This?<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victor_H._Mair\" title=\"Victor H. Mair - Wikipedia\">Victor H. Mair<\/a>, who has been <a href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/tag\/victor-h-mair\/\" title=\"Victor H. Mair Archives - Mandarin Expression of the Week\">mentioned<\/a> several times in this blog, is an American <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinology\" title=\"Sinology - Wikipedia\">sinologist<\/a> and a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.upenn.edu\/people\/associated-faculty\/victor-h-mair\" title=\"Victor H. Mair | Penn Arts &amp; Sciences Department of History\">University of Pennsylvania Professor of East Asian Languages and Civilizations<\/a>. He also inspired and helped to edit the highly regarded <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_Chinese%E2%80%93English_Dictionary\" title=\"ABC Chinese\u2013English Dictionary - Wikipedia\"><i>ABC Chinese-English Dictionary<\/i><\/a>. So, we can be pretty sure he knows what he\u2019s talking about when it comes to Mandarin words. (In fact, for what it\u2019s worth, after my several years of researching the Mandarin language, I have come to consider him the most trustworthy living scholarly authority on the Chinese languages.)<\/p>\n<p>Concerning the etymology of \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d, Prof. Mair said the following in the above-mentioned <a href=\"https:\/\/languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu\/nll\/?p=49247\" title=\"Language Log \u00bb Eat vinegar, Jesus Christ, and Middle Persian\">Language Log blog post<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nJ\u012bd\u016b \u57fa\u7763 is a short form of J\u012bl\u00ecs\u012bd\u016b \u57fa\u5229\u65af\u7763, which is a transcription of &#8220;Christ&#8221;, from Ancient Greek \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 (Khrist\u00f3s).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>So, I revised the English meaning in the <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus Expressions <a title=\"P\u012bny\u012bn Plus Expressions (Web)\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/ref\/Pinyin_Plus_Expressions.html\">resource<\/a> entry for \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d, added the note quoted above, and am gradually revising occurrences of \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d in existing <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material as time allows. Of course, going forward, new <span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n<span class=\"lit\">{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> <span class=\"mt\">[Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus material that includes the expression \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d will simply use \u201cChrist\u201d as its English meaning.<\/p>\n<h4>A Reminder That Speech Is Primary<\/h4>\n<p>This situation with \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>J\u012bd\u016b<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">Christ<\/span>\n\u57fa\u7763)<\/span>\u201d, in which the deciding factor in how the word is formed is how it <em>sounds<\/em>, reminds us that regardless of the Chinese cultural obsession with characters and the meanings represented by their intricate visual designs, the basic scientific principle about human languages holds true, that the primary aspect of human languages is actually <em><strong>speech<\/strong>, which represents meanings with <strong>sounds<\/strong><\/em>. Writing, even writing as revered as Chinese characters are with all their visual embellishments, is at best secondary.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earlier Plus material rendered the English meaning of as \u201cFoundation \u00b7 {Directing (Person)} \u2192 [Christ]\u201d, on the supposition that the meanings of the Mandarin syllables used in may have mattered in their selection for inclusion in . (In contrast, (Jesus) is a name, not a title like is, so, like the Mandarin syllables used in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,176],"tags":[90,25,131,165,97,78,185,24,46,30,126],"class_list":["post-2756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-language-learning","category-science","tag-abc-chinese-english-dictionary","tag-chinese-characters","tag-etymology","tag-language-log","tag-linguistics","tag-pinyin-plus","tag-pinyin-plus-expressions","tag-speech","tag-translation","tag-victor-h-mair","tag-writing-systems"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>J\u012bd\u016b - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/11\/07\/jidu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"J\u012bd\u016b - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Earlier Plus material rendered the English meaning of as \u201cFoundation \u00b7 {Directing (Person)} \u2192 [Christ]\u201d, on the supposition that the meanings of the Mandarin syllables used in may have mattered in their selection for inclusion in . 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