{"id":2475,"date":"2022-08-29T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-29T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=2475"},"modified":"2023-05-07T15:37:54","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T22:37:54","slug":"chengfa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/08\/29\/chengfa\/","title":{"rendered":"ch\u00e9ngf\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>\n\t\t\t<span onclick=\"plus(this)\">ch\u00e9ngf\u00e1<\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">punishing; penalizing<\/span>\n\u60e9\u7f5a\n<span class=\"trad\">\u61f2\u7f70<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: hsl(100, 85%, 40%);\"> \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/d\/r1\/lp-e\/1001070202\" title=\"A2 Features of This Revision \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\">Appendix A2<\/a> of the English <i>New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures<\/i> (Study Edition), entitled \u201cFeatures of This Revision\u201d, discusses vocabulary changes that have been made in the current revision, words that have been translated differently than before. As noted in various entries in the excellent resource <a href=\"http:\/\/access.ucam.org\/rte\/\" title=\"Referenced Theo. Expressions\"><i>Referenced Theo. Expressions (RTE)<\/i><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/cmn-Hans\/wol\/d\/r23\/lp-chs-rb\/1001070202\" title=\"A2 \u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u7684\u7279\u8272 \u2014 \u5b88\u671b\u53f0\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e66\u5e93\">Appendix A2<\/a> of the current <em>Mandarin<\/em> version of the <i>New World Translation<\/i> Bible (nwtsty) correspondingly discusses words that have been translated differently in the current revision of the Mandarin <i>NWT<\/i> Bible, compared to how they had been translated before.<\/p>\n<p>Since we base what we say in Jehovah\u2019s service on his Word the Bible, the vocabulary used in it\u2014and the way those vocabulary words are translated\u2014should be reflected in how we speak in our ministry, at our meetings, etc. So, it is beneficial for us Mandarin field language learners to be familiar with the latest thinking from the organization on how Bible terms should be translated into Mandarin.<\/p>\n<h4>\u2018Punishing\u2019 Differently in Mandarin<\/h4>\n<p>As <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/cmn-Hans\/wol\/d\/r23\/lp-chs-rb\/1001070202\" title=\"A2 \u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u7684\u7279\u8272 \u2014 \u5b88\u671b\u53f0\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e66\u5e93\">Appendix A2<\/a> of the current Mandarin version of the <i>New World Translation<\/i> Bible (nwtsty) points out, this current version builds on the previous version\u2019s efforts to avoid expressions that could easily be associated with false religious concepts.<\/p>\n<p>One example that it points to is that in scriptures such as Psalm 103:10 (<a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/en\/wol\/b\/r1\/lp-e\/nwtsty\/19\/103#study=discover&amp;v=19:103:10-19:103:10\" title=\"Psalm 103 \u2014 Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY\">English<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wol.jw.org\/cmn-Hans\/wol\/b\/r23\/lp-chs-rb\/nwtsty\/19\/103#s=10&amp;study=parallel&amp;v=19:103:10-19:103:10\" title=\"\u8bd7\u7bc7 103 \u2014 \u5b88\u671b\u53f0\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e66\u5e93\">Mandarin<\/a>), \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00e0oy\u00ecng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(b\u00e0o\u00b7y\u00ecng\n<span class=\"mt\">retribution \u00b7 responding<\/span>\n\u62a5\u5e94\n<span class=\"trad\">\u5831\u61c9<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d has been changed to \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>ch\u00e9ngf\u00e1<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(<span class=\"mt\">punishing; penalizing<\/span>\n\u60e9\u7f5a\n<span class=\"trad\">\u61f2\u7f70<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/img\/Ps_103-10_Parallel_Transl-WOL-1200-O-60.jpg\" alt=\"Psalm 103:10 (WOL CHS+Pinyin Parallel Translations)\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/p>\n<h4>Is It Karma?<\/h4>\n<p>So, what\u2019s the deal with \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00e0oy\u00ecng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo a\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(b\u00e0o\u00b7y\u00ecng\n<span class=\"mt\">retribution \u00b7 responding<\/span>\n\u62a5\u5e94\n<span class=\"trad\">\u5831\u61c9<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d? The entries for \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00e0oy\u00ecng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(b\u00e0o\u00b7y\u00ecng\n<span class=\"mt\">retribution \u00b7 responding<\/span>\n\u62a5\u5e94\n<span class=\"trad\">\u5831\u61c9<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d in a couple of the dictionaries that are available to be installed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pleco.com\/\" title=\"Pleco Software \u2013 The #1 Chinese dictionary app for iOS and Android\">Pleco<\/a> app give us some clues. First, consider the entry for this expression in the <a href=\"http:\/\/access.ucam.org\/rte\/\" title=\"Referenced Theo. Expressions\"><i>Referenced Theo. Expressions (RTE)<\/i><\/a> Chinese-English dictionary:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nretribution (old translation); Insight article heading in Watchtower Library 2011 CHS. NWT-2019&#8217;s Appendix A2 notes \u62a5\u5e94 changed to \u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a or similar, to avoid conveying false-religious concepts (in this case perhaps the Buddhist concept of karma, see \u56e0\u679c\u62a5\u5e94, although that is not stated).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In partial confirmation, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdbg.net\/chinese\/dictionary?page=cc-cedict\" title=\"CC-CEDICT download - MDBG Chinese Dictionary\">CC-CEDICT<\/a> dictionary contains these definitions for \u201c<span onclick=\"plus(this)\"><i>b\u00e0oy\u00ecng<\/i><\/span><span class=\"plusinfo\" onclick=\"minus(this)\">\n(b\u00e0o\u00b7y\u00ecng\n<span class=\"mt\">retribution \u00b7 responding<\/span>\n\u62a5\u5e94\n<span class=\"trad\">\u5831\u61c9<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n<strong>1<\/strong> (Buddhism) divine retribution<br \/>\n<strong>2<\/strong> karma<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>For reference, Wikipedia provides this summary regarding <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma\" title=\"Karma - Wikipedia\">karma<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n<strong>Karma<\/strong>\u2026in Sanskrit means an action, work, or deed, and its effect or consequences.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma#cite_note-1\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup> In Indian religions, the term more specifically refers to a principle of cause and effect, often descriptively called the <strong>principle of karma<\/strong>, wherein intent and actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that individual (effect):<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma#cite_note-2\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup> Good intent and good deeds contribute to good karma and happier rebirths, while bad intent and bad deeds contribute to bad karma and bad rebirths.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma#cite_note-halbfass2000-3\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma#cite_note-4\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The concept of karma is closely associated with the idea of rebirth in many schools of Indian religions (particularly Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism),<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma#cite_note-KarmaParveshSingla-5\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup> as well as Taoism.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma#cite_note-evawong-6\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup> In these schools, karma in the present affects one\u2019s future in the current life, as well as the nature and quality of future lives\u2014one\u2019s <i>sa\u1e43s\u0101ra<\/i>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma#cite_note-jbowker-7\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karma#cite_note-jamesloch-8\" title=\"Wikipedia source information\">[source]<\/a><\/sup> This concept has also been adopted in Western popular culture, in which the events which happen after a person\u2019s actions may be considered natural consequences.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Indeed, we definitely would not want people to think that any part of God\u2019s Word the Bible is referring to the false religious concept of karma!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Appendix A2 of the English New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Study Edition), entitled \u201cFeatures of This Revision\u201d, discusses vocabulary changes that have been made in the current revision, words that have been translated differently than before. As noted in various entries in the excellent resource Referenced Theo. Expressions (RTE), Appendix A2 of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,15],"tags":[164,88,238,45,160,66,68,49,46,136],"class_list":["post-2475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-theocratic","tag-cc-cedict","tag-dictionaries","tag-new-world-translation-bible","tag-nwt-appendix-a2","tag-old-translations","tag-parallel-translations","tag-pleco","tag-referenced-theo-expressions","tag-translation","tag-usage-examples"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ch\u00e9ngf\u00e1 - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/08\/29\/chengfa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ch\u00e9ngf\u00e1 - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Appendix A2 of the English New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Study Edition), entitled \u201cFeatures of This Revision\u201d, discusses vocabulary changes that have been made in the current revision, words that have been translated differently than before. 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