{"id":2164,"date":"2022-05-16T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=2164"},"modified":"2025-03-14T14:19:37","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T21:19:37","slug":"yugao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/05\/16\/yugao\/","title":{"rendered":"y\u00f9g\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\ty\u00f9g\u00e0o<\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7g\u00e0o\nfore\u00b7told | {in advance} \u00b7 {had told}<\/span>\n\u9884\/\u8c6b\u544a\n\u9810\/\u8c6b\u544a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

On February 24, 2022, Russia sent significant military forces into Ukraine, resulting in the largest scale open warfare in Europe since World War II. Knowing certain Mandarin expressions will help us in the Mandarin field as we hear about and talk about Ukraine in the time ahead.<\/p>\n

An article about this situation that has been featured on jw.org<\/a> is \u201cRussia Invades Ukraine<\/a>\u201d. In the Mandarin version<\/a> of this article, \u201cy\u00f9g\u00e0o<\/i><\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7g\u00e0o\nfore\u00b7told | {in advance} \u00b7 {had told}<\/span>\n\u9884\/\u8c6b\u544a\n\u9810\/\u8c6b\u544a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, this week\u2019s MEotW, is used to correspond with the English word \u201cforetold\u201d.<\/p>\n

Note that the morpheme<\/a> \u201cy\u00f9<\/i><\/span>\n(fore-; {in advance}<\/span>\n\u9884\/\u8c6b\n\u9810\/\u8c6b<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d that\u2019s in \u201cy\u00f9g\u00e0o<\/i><\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7g\u00e0o\nfore\u00b7told | {in advance} \u00b7 {had told}<\/span>\n\u9884\/\u8c6b\u544a\n\u9810\/\u8c6b\u544a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d is a bound form<\/a> that also appears in past MEotW<\/a> \u201cy\u00f9y\u00e1n<\/i><\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7y\u00e1n\n{in advance} \u00b7 say[ing] \u2192<\/span> [prophecy | prophesy]<\/span>\n\u9884\u8a00\n\u9810\u8a00<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, \u201cy\u00f9ji\u00e0n<\/i><\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7ji\u00e0n\nfore\u00b7seeing | {in advance} \u00b7 seeing<\/span>\n\u9884\u89c1\n\u9810\/\u8c6b\u898b<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, \u201cy\u00f9li\u00e0o<\/i><\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7li\u00e0o\n{in advance} \u00b7 {to expect; anticipate; foresee; infer}<\/span>\n\u9884\u6599\n\u9810\u6599<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, etc.<\/p>\n

Bound Forms<\/h4>\n

The ABC Chinese-English Dictionary<\/i><\/a>, edited by John DeFrancis<\/a> and Victor H. Mair<\/a>, among others, tells us the following<\/a> about the entries in it that are marked as bound forms:<\/p>\n

B.F.<\/strong> (Bound Form, Ni\u00e1nzhu\u00f3 C\u00eds\u00f9<\/strong> \u7c98\u7740\u8bcd\u7d20).<\/p>\n

Morphemes which do not function as free words in a sentence and cannot be handled using one of the other bound category labels, such as prefix, suffix, measure word, or particle. A given character may represent a free word in one or more of its meanings but a bound morpheme in other meanings. E.g. qi\u01ceng<\/strong> \u62a2 is a bound form meaning ‘take emergency measures’ in qi\u01cengsh\u00f2u<\/strong> \u62a2\u6536 but a free form as a verb meaning ‘pillage’.)<\/p>\n

In addition to these meaningful bound forms, which we define and illustrate with one or more examples, there are many characters which have no meaning of their own but simply represent a syllabic sound. E.g. 8<\/sup>p\u00fa<\/strong> \u8461 and 6<\/sup>t\u00e1o<\/strong> \u8404 in p\u00fatao<\/strong> \u8461\u8404 ‘grapes’. For these entries we provide neither entry label nor definition but simply note words in which the character occurs.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cForetold\u201d Examples<\/h4>\n

Here are some examples of how \u201cy\u00f9g\u00e0o<\/i><\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7g\u00e0o\nfore\u00b7told | {in advance} \u00b7 {had told}<\/span>\n\u9884\/\u8c6b\u544a\n\u9810\/\u8c6b\u544a<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d is used in the above-mentioned article on jw.org<\/a>:<\/p>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\nWhat significance do events like this have according to the Bible?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nZh\u00e8y\u00e0ng<\/span>\n(Zh\u00e8\u00b7y\u00e0ng\nthis \u00b7 kind<\/span>\n\u8fd9\u6837\n\u9019\u6a23<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nd\u00e0sh\u00ec<\/span>\n(d\u00e0\u00b7sh\u00ec\n{big \u2192<\/span> [major]}<\/span> \u00b7 events<\/span>\n\u5927\u4e8b)<\/span>,\n\ng\u0113n<\/span>\n(with<\/span>\n\u8ddf)<\/span>\n\nSh\u00e8ngj\u012bng<\/span>\n(Sh\u00e8ng\u00b7j\u012bng\n(the) Holy \u00b7 Scriptures \u2192<\/span> [the Bible]<\/span>\n\u5723\u7ecf\n\u8056\u7d93<\/span>)<\/span>\n\ny\u00f9g\u00e0o<\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7g\u00e0o\nfore\u00b7told<\/span>\n\u9884\/\u8c6b\u544a\n\u9810\/\u8c6b\u544a<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00ec<\/span>\n(things<\/span>\n\u4e8b)<\/span>\n\ny\u01d2ugu\u0101n<\/span>\n(y\u01d2u\u00b7gu\u0101n\nhave \u00b7 {closing \u2192<\/span> [connection]}<\/span><\/span>\n\u6709\u5173\n\u6709\u95dc<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nma<\/span>\n([? ptcl for \u201cyes\/no\u201d questions<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u5417\n\u55ce<\/span>)<\/span>?\n\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

English:<\/p>\n

\nJesus Christ foretold<\/strong> a time when \u201cnation will rise against nation and kingdom against kingdom.\u201d (Matthew 24:7) \u2026the Bible shows that wars today fulfill Jesus\u2019 prophecy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mandarin:<\/p>\n

\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nY\u0113s\u016b<\/span>\n(Jesus<\/span>\n\u8036\u7a23\n\u8036\u7a4c<\/span>)<\/span>\n\ny\u00f9g\u00e0o<\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7g\u00e0o\nfore\u00b7told<\/span>\n\u9884\/\u8c6b\u544a\n\u9810\/\u8c6b\u544a<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong>:\n\n\u201cM\u00ednz\u00fa<\/span>\n(M\u00edn\u00b7z\u00fa\n{(of) people} \u00b7 nationality \u2192<\/span> [nation]<\/span>\n\u6c11\u65cf)<\/span>\n\ny\u00e0o<\/span>\n(must \u2192<\/span> [will]<\/span>\n\u8981)<\/span>\n\ng\u014dngd\u01ce<\/span>\n(g\u014dng\u00b7d\u01ce\nattack \u00b7 strike<\/span>\n\u653b\u6253)<\/span>\n\nm\u00ednz\u00fa<\/span>\n(m\u00edn\u00b7z\u00fa\n{(of) people} \u00b7 nationality \u2192<\/span> [nation]<\/span>\n\u6c11\u65cf)<\/span>,\n\ngu\u00f3ji\u0101<\/span>\n(gu\u00f3\u00b7ji\u0101\nnation \u00b7 family \u2192<\/span> [nation]<\/span>\n\u56fd\u5bb6\n\u570b\u5bb6<\/span>)<\/span>\n\ny\u00e0o<\/span>\n(must \u2192<\/span> [will]<\/span>\n\u8981)<\/span>\n\ng\u014dngd\u01ce<\/span>\n(g\u014dng\u00b7d\u01ce\nattack \u00b7 strike<\/span>\n\u653b\u6253)<\/span>\n\ngu\u00f3ji\u0101<\/span>\n(gu\u00f3\u00b7ji\u0101\nnation \u00b7 family \u2192<\/span> [nation]<\/span>\n\u56fd\u5bb6\n\u570b\u5bb6<\/span>)<\/span>.\u201d\n\n(M\u01cet\u00e0i<\/span>\n(Matthew<\/span>\n\u9a6c\u592a\n\u99ac\u592a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nF\u00fay\u012bn<\/span>\n(F\u00fa\u00b7y\u012bn\nBlessings \u00b7 News<\/span>\n\u798f\u97f3)<\/span>\n\n24:7)\n\nJ\u012bnti\u0101n<\/span>\n(J\u012bn\u00b7ti\u0101n\npresent \u00b7 {sky \u2192 [day]} \u2192<\/span> [today]<\/span>\n\u4eca\u5929)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00ecshang<\/span>\n(sh\u00ec\u00b7shang\n{generation \u2192<\/span> [world]}<\/span> \u00b7 upon<\/span>\n\u4e16\u4e0a)<\/span>\n\nf\u0101sh\u0113ng<\/span>\n(f\u0101\u00b7sh\u0113ng\n{issuing forth} \u00b7 {coming to life} \u2192<\/span> [happening]<\/span>\n\u53d1\u751f\n\u767c\u751f<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nde<\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00ec<\/span>\n(things<\/span>\n\u4e8b)<\/span>\n\ng\u0113n<\/span>\n(with<\/span>\n\u8ddf)<\/span>\n\nY\u0113s\u016b<\/span>\n(Jesus<\/span>\n\u8036\u7a23\n\u8036\u7a4c<\/span>)<\/span>\n\ny\u00f9g\u00e0o<\/span>\n(y\u00f9\u00b7g\u00e0o\nfore\u00b7told<\/span>\n\u9884\/\u8c6b\u544a\n\u9810\/\u8c6b\u544a<\/span>)<\/span><\/strong>\n\nde<\/span>\n({\u2019s (things)}<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\ny\u00edzh\u00ec<\/span>\n(y\u00ed\u00b7zh\u00ec\n{(are of) one} \u00b7 sending \u2192<\/span> [are consistent]<\/span>\n\u4e00\u81f4)<\/span>.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On February 24, 2022, Russia sent significant military forces into Ukraine, resulting in the largest scale open warfare in Europe since World War II. Knowing certain Mandarin expressions will help us in the Mandarin field as we hear about and talk about Ukraine in the time ahead. An article about this situation that has been […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61,15],"tags":[90,84,31,119,97,47,91,46,134,136,30,404],"class_list":["post-2164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-events","category-theocratic","tag-abc-chinese-english-dictionary","tag-bound-forms","tag-john-defrancis","tag-jw-org","tag-linguistics","tag-morphemes","tag-morphology","tag-translation","tag-ukraine-war","tag-usage-examples","tag-victor-h-mair","tag-war"],"yoast_head":"\ny\u00f9g\u00e0o - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2022\/05\/16\/yugao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"y\u00f9g\u00e0o - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On February 24, 2022, Russia sent significant military forces into Ukraine, resulting in the largest scale open warfare in Europe since World War II. 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