{"id":1488,"date":"2021-08-16T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/?p=1488"},"modified":"2022-05-16T08:16:17","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T15:16:17","slug":"renci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2021\/08\/16\/renci\/","title":{"rendered":"r\u00e9nc\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\t\t\tr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/span>\n(r\u00e9n\u00b7c\u00ed\n{[is] benevolent; kind; humane; compassionate; sensitive} \u00b7 {[is] compassionate; kind; loving} [\u2192 [[is] kind | kindness]]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\n\n \u2190 Tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\n\n

The fifth part of the fruitage of the spirit listed is kindness.\u2014\nJi\u0101l\u0101t\u00e0ish\u016b<\/i><\/span>\n(Ji\u0101l\u0101t\u00e0i\u00b7sh\u016b\nGalatia \u00b7 Book \u2192<\/span> [Galatians]<\/span>\n\u52a0\u62c9\u592a\u4e66\n\u52a0\u62c9\u592a\u66f8<\/span>)<\/span> 5:22, 23<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Galatians<\/p>\n

The English word \u201ckindness\u201d is translated into Mandarin in the above scripture as \u201cr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n({being kind} \u2192<\/span> [kindness]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\u201d, this week\u2019s MEotW.<\/p>\n

Note that the P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus information for \u201cr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n({being kind} \u2192<\/span> [kindness]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\u201d (\u2190 tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d<\/span>), as used in the above context, shows that in the above context it literally means \u201cbeing kind\u201d, which in turn effectively means \u201ckindness\u201d. The P\u012bny\u012bn<\/i><\/span>\n(P\u012bn\u00b7y\u012bn\n{Piecing Together} \u00b7 Sounds \u2192<\/span> [Pinyin]<\/span>\n\u62fc\u97f3)<\/span> Plus information renders the literal meaning this way because in this case \u201cr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n({being kind} \u2192<\/span> [kindness]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\u201d is a stative verb<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Stative Verbs<\/h4>\n

The ABC Chinese-English Dictionary<\/i><\/a>, edited by John DeFrancis<\/a> and Victor H. Mair<\/a>, among others, tells us the following<\/a> about the entries in it that are marked as stative verbs:<\/p>\n

S.V<\/strong>. (Stative Verb, X\u00edngr\u00f3ngc\u00ed<\/strong> \u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd).<\/p>\n

These entries are frequently translated into English as adjectives, even though they actually behave in Chinese as verbs. That is, the sense of ‘to be’ is already incorporated into these verbs, e.g. Zh\u00e8ige h\u011bn h\u01ceo<\/strong> ‘This is quite good.’ In fact, it is simply ungrammatical to place the verb sh\u00ec<\/strong>, ‘to be’, directly in front of a stative verb.<\/p>\n

Because stative verbs are actually verbs, they are directly negated by b\u00f9<\/strong>, e.g. b\u00f9 h\u01ceo<\/strong> ‘not good’, and can be further modified by adverbs of degree such as h\u011bn<\/strong> ‘quite’, f\u0113ich\u00e1ng<\/strong> ‘extremely’ and sh\u00edf\u0113n<\/strong> ‘very; utterly’. One common function of stative verbs is that they may serve as adverbs to other actions, e.g. m\u00e0nm\u00e0n<\/strong> in m\u00e0nm\u00e0n ch\u012b<\/strong> ‘Take your time (eating)’ and r\u00e8nzh\u0113n<\/strong> in r\u00e8nzh\u0113n de xi\u011b<\/strong> ‘write carefully’.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sometimes a Verbal Noun<\/h4>\n

One might wonder, though, why \u201cr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n({being kind} \u2192<\/span> [kindness]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\u201d is used in the above scripture to translate \u201ckindness\u201d, a noun, if \u201cr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n({being kind} \u2192<\/span> [kindness]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\u201d is a stative verb<\/em> there. This seems to be a case of \u201cr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n({being kind} \u2192<\/span> [kindness]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\u201d acting as a verbal noun, or gerundial noun. Verbal\/gerundial nouns were discussed in the MEotW post<\/a> on \u201cji\u00e0od\u01ceo<\/i><\/span>\n(ji\u00e0o\u00b7d\u01ceo\nteaching \u00b7 {guiding [\u2192 [instructing]]}<\/span>\n\u6559\u5bfc\n\u6559\u5c0e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d:<\/p>\n

One interesting thing to note about \u201cji\u00e0od\u01ceo<\/i><\/span>\n(ji\u00e0o\u00b7d\u01ceo\nteaching \u00b7 {guiding [\u2192 [instructing]]}<\/span>\n\u6559\u5bfc\n\u6559\u5c0e<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d (and about \u201cji\u00e0oxun<\/i><\/span>\n(teaching \u2192<\/span> [reprimanding | knowledge gained from an error]<\/span>\n\u6559\u8bad\n\u6559\u8a13<\/span>)<\/span>\u201d, for that matter) is that their component morphemes<\/a> seem to basically be verbs. In certain contexts, however, they are used as nouns. An example of this being done in English is that \u201cteach\u201d and \u201cteaching\u201d are verbs (e.g. \u201cJesus was teaching<\/em> the crowd.\u201d), but in certain contexts, \u201cteaching\u201d is used as a noun (e.g. \u201cThe crowd was amazed at the teaching<\/em> Jesus shared with them.\u201d). When a word is used this way, it\u2019s called a verbal noun<\/a>, or a gerundial noun. Verbal nouns are quite common in Mandarin.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Multifaceted<\/h4>\n

\u201cR\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n(R\u00e9n\u00b7c\u00ed\n{[is] benevolent; kind; humane; compassionate; sensitive} \u00b7 {[is] compassionate; kind; loving} [\u2192 [[is] kind | kindness]]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\u201d, then, like many Mandarin words, is multifaceted. Sometimes it acts as an adjective<\/em>, sometimes it\u2019s a stative verb<\/em> that seems like an adjective, and other times it functions as a noun<\/em>. Here are examples of it being used in these different ways:<\/p>\n

\nUsed as an adjective:<\/strong>
\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nT\u0101<\/i><\/span>\n(he<\/span>\n\u4ed6)<\/span>\n\nsh\u00ec<\/i><\/span>\n(is<\/span>\n\u662f)<\/span>\n\nge<\/i><\/span>\n([mw<\/i>]<\/span>\n\u4e2a\n\u500b\/\u4e2a<\/span>)<\/span>\n\nh\u011bn<\/i><\/span>\n(very<\/span>\n\u5f88)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n(kind<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>\n\nde<\/i><\/span>\n(\u2019s<\/span>\n\u7684)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9n<\/i><\/span>\n(person<\/span>\n\u4eba)<\/span>.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nUsed as a stative verb that seems like an adjective:<\/strong>
\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nT\u0101<\/i><\/span>\n(he<\/span>\n\u4ed6)<\/span>\n\nh\u011bn<\/i><\/span>\n({very much}<\/span>\n\u5f88)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n({is kind}<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nUsed as a verbal noun:<\/strong>
\n\n\ud83d\udcd6<\/span> \ud83d\udcc4<\/span> \ud83d\udcd8<\/span>\n\nT\u0101<\/i><\/span>\n(he<\/span>\n\u4ed6)<\/span>\n\nh\u011bn<\/i><\/span>\n({very much}<\/span>\n\u5f88)<\/span>\n\ny\u01d2u<\/i><\/span>\n(has<\/span>\n\u6709)<\/span>\n\nr\u00e9nc\u00ed<\/i><\/span>\n({being kind} \u2192<\/span> [kindness]<\/span>\n\u4ec1\u6148)<\/span>.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The fifth part of the fruitage of the spirit listed is kindness.\u2014 5:22, 23. The English word \u201ckindness\u201d is translated into Mandarin in the above scripture as , this week\u2019s MEotW. Note that the Plus information for (\u2190 tap\/click to show\/hide the \u201cflashcard\u201d), as used in the above context, shows that in the above context […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,15],"tags":[90,64,37,60,53,31,47,52,63,46,136,54,51,30],"class_list":["post-1488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-theocratic","tag-abc-chinese-english-dictionary","tag-adjectives","tag-chinese-culture","tag-fruitage-of-the-spirit","tag-grammar","tag-john-defrancis","tag-morphemes","tag-nouns","tag-stative-verbs","tag-translation","tag-usage-examples","tag-verbal-nouns","tag-verbs","tag-victor-h-mair"],"yoast_head":"\nr\u00e9nc\u00ed - Mandarin Expression of the Week<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/troubadourworks.com\/tiandi\/meotw\/2021\/08\/16\/renci\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"r\u00e9nc\u00ed - Mandarin Expression of the Week\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The fifth part of the fruitage of the spirit listed is kindness.\u2014 5:22, 23. 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The English word \u201ckindness\u201d is translated into Mandarin in the above scripture as , this week\u2019s MEotW. 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